Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (9): 1767-1778.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.09.007

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Changes of Secondary Metabolites in Grapes with Different Resistance Levels in Response to White Rot Infection

TAN XiBei1(), LAN XuYing2, LIU ChongHuai1, FAN XiuCai1, JIANG JianFu1, SUN Lei1, LI Peng1, YU ShuXin1, ZHANG Ying1,3()   

  1. 1 Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009
    2 College of Plant Sciences, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, Xizang
    3 Chuxiong Yunguo Agriculture Technology Research Institute, Chuxiong 675000, Yunnan
  • Received:2024-12-17 Accepted:2025-02-18 Online:2025-05-08 Published:2025-05-08
  • Contact: ZHANG Ying

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Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to explore the role of secondary metabolites in grape resistance to white rot, and to identify the metabolites associated with grape resistance to white rot.【Method】 The fruits of disease resistant Vitis davidii 0941 (Vd) and the disease susceptible Vitis vinifera Manicure Finger (Vv) at color transition stage were used as experimental materials. The fruit pedicel was pricked to create a wound and inoculated with the white rot pathogen. Fruits were collected at different time points (0, 24, 48 h) after the removal of infected parts following pathogen inoculation, and a broad-targeted metabolomics approach was employed to analyze the metabolites in the resistant and susceptible varieties.【Result】 A total of 960 metabolites were detected in the metabolome, which were divided into 12 major categories, such as amino acids and their derivatives, phenolic acids, nucleotides and their derivatives, flavonoids, and lipids. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed significant differences in metabolites between the resistant variety Vd and the susceptible variety Vv before and after infection with white rot. Using |log2 fold change|≥1 and P-value≤0.01 as the threshold for screening differential metabolites, a total of 501 differential metabolites were identified. After infection with white rot, Vd and Vv exhibited different metabolic responses, especially at 24 and 48 hours post-infection, where the number and magnitude of changes in differential metabolites were more significant in the susceptible variety. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, ABC transporters, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. WGCNA identified metabolites significantly related to disease resistance, obtaining 10 secondary metabolites that may be related to disease resistance, including one amino acid and its derivative (O-acetylserine), one phenolic acid (arbutin), one flavonoid (cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-caffeoyl)glucoside), and seven terpenoids (α-amyrenone, botulin, 3-epiursolic acid, 2-hydroxyoleanolic acid, maslinic acid, alphitolic acid, 3,24-dihydroxy-17,21-semiacetal-12(13)oleanolic acid).【Conclusion】 This study reveals the changes in grape metabolites under white rot infection, and these secondary metabolites (amino acids and their derivatives, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids) that are up regulated in the resistant variety V. davidi 0941 may play a significant role in the resistance to white rot.

Key words: grape, white rot, disease resistance, metabolomics, secondary metabolite

Table 1

Classification of 960 metabolites detected in grape fruits"

序号
Code		 代谢物种类
Species of metabolites		 数量
Number
1 氨基酸及其衍生物Amino acids and their derivatives 94
2 酚酸类Phenolic acids 121
3 核苷酸及其衍生物Nucleotides and their derivatives 54
4 黄酮类Flavonoids 225
5 醌类Quinones 4
6 木脂素和香豆素Lignin and coumarin 19
7 鞣质Tannin 21
8 生物碱Alkaloid 64
9 萜类Terpenoids 65
10 有机酸Organic acid 57
11 脂质类Lipids 124
12 其他类Others 112

Fig. 1

Impact of white rot infection on grape metabolic components"

Fig. 2

Statistics of differential metabolite numbers in resistant and susceptible grape varieties during white rot infection"

Fig. 3

Volcano plot of differential metabolites in grape fruits after white rot infection A: Vdmock vs Vd24h; B: Vdmock vs Vd48h; C: Vvmock vs Vv24h; D: Vvmock vs Vv48h"

Table 2

Metabolic pathways for major enrichment of differential metabolites"

组别
Group		 ID 名称
Name		 数量
Number
Vvmock vs Vv24h ko00270 半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸的代谢Cysteine and methionine metabolism 3
ko00970 氨基酸-tRNA的生物合成Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis 3
ko01100 代谢途径Metabolic pathway 32
ko01110 次生代谢物的生物合成Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites 21
ko01230 氨基酸的生物合成Biosynthesis of amino acids 4
ko02010 ABC转运蛋白ABC transporters 6
ko00330 精氨酸和脯氨酸的代谢Arginine and proline metabolism 3
ko00040 戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸的相互转化Pentose and glucuronate interconversions 3
ko00053 抗坏血酸和醛酸代谢Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism 4
ko00945 芪类、二芳基庚烷类和姜醇的生物合成Stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis 3
ko00944 黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis 8
Vvmock vs Vv48h ko00970 氨基酸-tRNA的生物合成Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis 4
ko01100 代谢途径Metabolic pathway 30
ko01110 次生代谢物的生物合成Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites 16
ko01200 碳代谢Carbon metabolism 3
ko01230 氨基酸的生物合成Biosynthesis of amino acids 5
ko02010 ABC转运蛋白ABC transporters 5
ko00330 精氨酸和脯氨酸的代谢Arginine and proline metabolism 3
ko00944 黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis 5
Vdmock vs Vd24h ko00960 托烷、哌啶和吡啶类生物碱的生物合成Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis 3
ko01100 代谢途径Metabolic pathway 17
ko01110 次生代谢物的生物合成Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites 13
ko02010 ABC转运蛋白ABC transporters 7
ko00970 氨基酸tRNA的生物合成Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis 3
ko01210 2-氧代羧酸的代谢2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism 3
ko01230 氨基酸的生物合成Biosynthesis of amino acids 4
ko00945 芪类、二芳基庚烷类和姜醇的生物合成Stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis 3
ko00941 类黄酮的生物合成Flavonoid biosynthesis 3
Vdmock vs Vd48h ko00260 甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸的代谢Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism 3
ko00261 单内酰胺的生物合成Monobactam biosynthesis 3
ko00970 氨基酸-tRNA的生物合成Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis 6
ko01100 代谢途径Metabolic pathway 34
ko01110 次生代谢物的生物合成Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites 26
ko01230 氨基酸的生物合成Biosynthesis of amino acids 8
ko02010 ABC转运蛋白ABC transporters 10
ko00330 精氨酸和脯氨酸的代谢Arginine and proline metabolism 5
ko00290 缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的生物合成Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis 3
ko01210 2-氧代羧酸的代谢2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism 3
ko04075 植物激素信号转导Plant hormone signal transduction 3
ko00220 精氨酸的生物合成Arginine biosynthesis 3
ko00230 嘌呤代谢Purine metabolism 3
ko00941 类黄酮的生物合成Flavonoid biosynthesis 6

Fig. 4

Key metabolites in V. davidii against white rot identified by WGCNA"

Table 3

Metabolites significantly associated with disease resistance"

指标Index 物质Compound 物质分类Compound class
mws1050 O-乙酰丝氨酸O-Acetylserine 氨基酸及其衍生物Amino acids and their derivatives
pme3472 熊果苷Arbutin 酚酸类Phenolic acids
Hmcp005535 α-香树脂酮α-Amyrenone 萜类Terpenoids
pmp000438 白桦脂醇Betulin
MWSmce052 3-表熊果酸3-Epiursolic acid
pmn001706 2-羟基齐墩果酸2-Hydroxyoleanolic acid
mws1610 山楂酸Maslinic acid
Lmzn106284 麦珠子酸Alphitolic acid
pmn001705 3,24-二羟基-17,21-半缩醛基-12(13)齐墩果酸
3,24-Dihydroxy-17,21-semiacetal-12(13)oleanolic acid
Lmcp004436 矢车菊素-3-O-(6''-O-咖啡酰)葡萄糖苷Cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-caffeoyl)glucoside 黄酮类Flavonoids

Fig. 5

Changes in differential metabolites during infection with white rot in resistant and susceptible varieties"

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