超高油花生种质SW9721-3品质性状的QTL定位

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.04.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】High quality is a critical objective in peanut breeding. However, the poor genetic base of cultivated peanuts has significantly limited the breeding efficiency for high-quality peanut. Therefore, unearthing valuable allelic gene resources associated with quality traits would provide basis for expanding genetic diversity of cultivated peanut germplasm resources.【Method】A wild peanut (Arachis villosa), PI 210553, carried diploid A type genome, was used as a donor parent for crossing with cultivated peanuts. Ultra-high oil peanut germplasm with wild ancestry was selected from the progeny, and a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, derived from this germplasm and the cultivated variety Jihua 5, was used for genetic dissection and QTL mapping of four quality traits across three environments.【Result】Four ultra-high oil accessions of the SW9721 series were selected from the cross population between Yueyou 551 and PI 210553. Notably, SW9721-3 showcased an oil content of 62.50%, exceeding the national high-oil-content peanut standard by 7.5 percent points. Phenotypic analysis of the RIL population revealed that environmental influences caused variations in the mean values of quality traits from 11.02% to 40.80%. Correlation coefficients among these traits varied from 0.23 to 0.97 (P<0.001), with significant associations observed between oil and protein contents, and between oleic and linoleic acid contents. Furthermore, the phenotypic variation of quality traits was found to be between 3.78% and 10.61%, with heritability values above 0.6, absolute values of skewness and kurtosis were less than 1. These phenotypic values were approximately normally distributed, indicating that these traits are quantitatively inherited. In addition, a total of 12 QTLs were identified across the three environments, with LOD scores ranging from 3.26 to 17.82, accounting for 1.97% to 24.56% of the phenotypic variation. Particularly, The QTL locus qPOC_7 was consistently detected in all environments, with LOD scores between 6.01 and 17.82, explaining 4.59% to 24.56% of the phenotypic variation in both protein and oil content. The oil content increase was attributed to the allele from SW9721-3, highlighting the significant breeding value of this QTL. The physical position of flanking molecular markers for qPOC_7 suggested that the corresponding genes are located within a 180 kb interval from 426 363 to 606 659 bp at the end of chromosome 7. Within this candidate region, 22 annotated genes were identified, including two glucose metabolism- related genes, Ah.CKCA5J and Ah.805HV8, which are considered the high-potential candidate genes. 【Conclusion】In summary, this study successfully developed an ultra-high oil peanut germplasm, SW9721-3, and identified a major QTL locus, qPOC_7, with significant implications for peanut breeding.

Key words: peanut, semi-wild germplasm, quality traits, genetic analysis, QTL mapping

YANG YongQing, HU PengJu, SONG YaHui, JIN XinXin, SU Qiao, WANG Jin. QTL Mapping of Quality Traits for A Peanut Germplasm SW9721-3 with Ultra-High Oil Content[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(4): 635-646.

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Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Fig. 3

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Table 3

QTL analysis for peanut quality-related traits"

QTL	性状 Traits	年份 Year	地点 Location	染色体 Chromosome	遗传位置 Position (cM)	标记区间 Marker interval	LOD	变异率 PVE (%)	¹⁾加性效应 Additive	置信区间 CI (95%)
qOAC_6	油酸Oleic acid	2013	DS	6	33	Chr.6_1040901-Chr.6_1163254	3.448	3.836	0.718	32.5-34.5
qPOC_7	蛋白Protein	2011	DS	7	0	Chr.7_426363-Chr.7_606659	16.176	4.594	1.394	0-1.5
	油Oil	2013	NC	7	0	Chr.7_426363-Chr.7_606659	6.011	7.502	-0.731	0-1.5
	蛋白Protein	2013	NC	7	0	Chr.7_426363-Chr.7_606659	14.665	16.624	1.097	0-0.5
	蛋白Protein	2013	DS	7	1	Chr.7_426363-Chr.7_606659	17.174	24.565	1.188	0-1.5
	油Oil	2011	DS	7	2	Chr.7_426363-Chr.7_606659	13.454	17.579	-1.260	0-5.5
	油Oil	2013	DS	7	2	Chr.7_426363-Chr.7_606659	17.823	10.562	-1.053	0-3.5
qLOAC_8	油酸Oleic acid	2013	DS	8	82	Chr.8_9806548-Chr.8_12067382	3.502	3.887	0.689	81.5-82.5
	亚油酸 Linoleic acid	2013	DS	8	82	Chr.8_9806548-Chr.8_12067382	4.383	6.930	-0.635	81.5-82.5
qPC_9_1	蛋白Protein	2013	DS	9	36	Chr.9_3592725-Chr.9_3885505	5.777	7.114	-0.636	34.5-38.5
qOC_11	油Oil	2013	NC	11	232	Chr.11_146976864-Chr.11_147333328	3.260	4.224	0.534	228.5-235.5
qLOAC_12	油酸Oleic acid	2013	DS	12	258	Chr.12_113403145-Chr.12_113753329	11.096	12.710	-1.279	256.5-259.5
	亚油酸 Linoleic acid	2013	DS	12	259	Chr.12_113753329-Chr.12_114140997	3.674	5.542	0.583	258.5-261.5
qOC_13	油Oil	2013	NC	13	142	Chr.13_40358691-Chr.13_41117839	5.869	7.439	-0.707	140.5-142.5
qOAC_14	油酸Oleic acid	2011	DS	14	85	Chr.14_5584603-Chr.14_6169675	4.154	5.537	-0.731	84.5-85.5
qPC_15	蛋白Protein	2013	NC	15	63	Chr.15_16684152-Chr.15_16876297	5.795	5.944	-0.643	62.5-64.5
qLOAC_18	油酸Oleic acid	2013	DS	18	145	Chr.18_127253379-Chr.18_127574947	10.376	11.767	1.210	142.5-146.5
	亚油酸 Linoleic acid	2013	DS	18	151	Chr.18_127844934-Chr.18_128082442	6.846	10.514	-0.789	146.5-151.5
qLOAC_19	油酸Oleic acid	2011	DS	19	81	Chr.19_7524026-Chr.19_8013993	7.699	10.502	1.031	80.5-82.5
	亚油酸 Linoleic acid	2011	DS	19	81	Chr.19_7524026-Chr.19_8013993	13.674	16.828	-1.087	80.5-82.5
	油Oil	2013	DS	19	82	Chr.19_7524026-Chr.19_8013993	4.029	1.970	0.458	80.5-88.5
qPC_20	蛋白Protein	2013	NC	20	53	Chr.20_26840433-Chr.20_27313971	4.809	4.897	0.571	51.5-53.5

Table 3

Table 4

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家系 Line	主茎 Stem (cm)	侧枝 Branch (cm)	分枝数 Branch number	株型 Plant architecture	百果重 Hundred pod weight (g)	百仁重 Hundred seed weight (g)	出米率 Shelling percent (%)	含油量 Oil (%)	蛋白含量 Protein (%)	油酸 Oleic acid (%)	亚油酸 Linoleic acid (%)
SW9721-1	29.06	63.13	5.06	半直立 Semi-erect	96	45	0.82	57.78	23.53	33.43	43.08
SW9721-2	36.75	51.75	7.25	半直立 Semi-erect	94	36	0.75	58.72	22.45	45.12	31.82
SW9721-3	44.00	52.33	7.53	半直立Semi-erect	147	59	0.70	62.50	21.95	48.60	33.76
SW9721-4	44.14	60.29	10.21	半直立 Semi-erect	113	41	0.71	58.67	22.95	45.46	34.70

性状 Trait	年份 Year	地点 Location	亲本Parent		重组自交系群体RIL population							h_b²
性状 Trait	年份 Year	地点 Location	SW9721-3	冀花5号 Jihua 5	平均值 Mean	偏差 SD	变异率 CV (%)	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	h_b²
含油量 Oil content	2013	NC	56.01	53.78	51.71	2.33	4.51	42.97	57.23	-0.41	0.61	0.793
	2013	DS	58.35	56.91	57.41	2.17	3.78	51.36	63.20	-0.18	-0.04
	2011	DS	57.22	55.72	53.66	2.36	4.40	48.26	59.59	-0.09	-0.32
蛋白 Protein	2013	NC	29.04	22.88	26.75	2.32	8.69	20.09	33.77	0.08	0.17	0.778
	2013	DS	22.90	19.33	21.81	2.31	10.61	16.39	28.25	0.29	-0.47
	2011	DS	26.26	21.97	25.33	2.60	10.26	19.86	33.40	0.47	-0.02
油酸 Oleic acid	2013	NC	36.89	40.96	37.76	2.90	7.69	28.66	45.62	-0.12	0.35	0.606
	2013	DS	45.39	44.13	45.52	2.95	6.48	34.37	53.07	-0.21	0.59
	2011	DS	38.05	31.71	32.73	2.67	8.39	23.64	41.24	-0.13	0.78
亚油酸 Linoleic acid	2013	NC	42.57	39.84	42.71	2.37	5.55	36.83	49.18	-0.04	0.20	0.637
	2013	DS	36.17	37.11	36.27	2.32	6.40	30.66	44.95	0.15	0.54
	2011	DS	39.81	44.44	43.53	2.21	5.07	36.35	49.47	0.09	0.28

基因ID Gene ID	起始 Start (bp)	终止 End (bp)	结构域 Domain	功能注释 Function annotation
Ah.CKCA5J	417827	418374	-	ADP葡萄糖合成酶ADP-glucose synthase （EC 2.7.7.27）
Ah.5EZV1I	430400	430608	F-box\\WD40	-
Ah.LY7S5B	443953	444160	F-box	-
Ah.RQVC78	448379	448503	-	-
Ah.9UY90I	448898	448963	-	烯醇化酶Enolase (EC:4.2.1.1)
Ah.Y5ZZLQ	453738	454286	-	神经酰胺酶Ceramidase (EC:3.5.1.23)
Ah.TSR8I7	465235	465885	AAA-ATPase	RuvB-2类似蛋白酶RuvB-like protein 2 (EC:3.6.4.12)
Ah.Q5U408	469703	470231	-	犰狳重复含蛋白8 Armadillo repeat-containing protein 8
Ah.V44IJD	470925	471047	-	RbcX伴侣蛋白Chaperonin-like RbcX protein
Ah.IAUU74	476267	476605	-	-
Ah.K5EKT0	479599	481958	L	抗病蛋白Disease resistance protein
Ah.M76BEQ	486150	486157	NB-ARC	跨膜氨基酸转运蛋白Transmembrane amino acid transporter protein
Ah.WQ43CN	499558	499961	-	氨基酸转运蛋白Amino acid transporter protein
Ah.805HV8	513622	514004	-	半乳糖醇-蔗糖半乳糖基转移酶 Probable galactinol-sucrose galactosyltransferase 1 (EC:2.4.1.38)
Ah.29L1CF	525724	525930	-	-
Ah.76FVS2	528409	528969	POZ	斑点型POZ蛋白Speckle-type POZ protein
Ah.ZU2VWU	549286	549294	-	UMP 焦磷酸化酶UMP pyrophosphorylase (EC:2.4.2.9)
Ah.0TKI11	549780	550463	-	胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白Late embryogenesis abundant protein
Ah.GJ51RN	577341	577644	CH	负向运动蛋白Minus-end-directed kinesin
Ah.8KGR77	583793	584881	Winged helix-turn-helix	DNA修复调节Regulation of DNA repair
Ah.VAAE0N	585253	585629	Protein kinase	苏氨酸特异性蛋白激酶Threonine-specific protein kinase (EC:2.7.11.1)
Ah.864J84	600588	600698	-	参与内质网到高尔基转运的膜蛋白 Membrane protein involved in ER to Golgi transport
Ah.B8WNJH	606120	606501	-	热激蛋白90 heat shock protein, HSP90

QTL Mapping of Quality Traits for A Peanut Germplasm SW9721-3 with Ultra-High Oil Content

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