河南省冬小麦田杂草群落分布现状及其变化原因分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.01.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In the past 10 years, the weed communities in the winter wheat fields in Henan Province have changed significantly. The objective of this study is to clarify the succession of weed communities in the six major planting areas in Henan Province, analyze the reasons of weed succession, and to provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of accurate control strategy of weeds in winter wheat fields.【Method】A total of 378 plots in 17 cities of Henan Province were sampled from November to December in the 2023 to investigate the weed species and weed number in winter wheat fields, compared with the results of 2013, the weed community composition in six major planting areas of winter wheat fields in Henan Province was determined, and the weed community change law was analyzed.【Result】The characteristics of weed communities in winter wheat fields in Henan Province were: (1) Gramineous weeds developed rapidly, Aegilops tauschii, Lolium multiflorum, Bromus japonicas, and Alopecurus myosuroides gradually spread from the local area to the whole province, almost covering the whole province major planting areas at present. Among them, A. tauschii and B. japonicus mainly occurred in dry-stubble wheat fields. In 2013, 14th, 15th, 27th and 35th relative abundances of the four weeds were ranked, respectively, but relative abundances ranked 2nd, 5th, 8th and 15th, respectively, in 2023. (2) Galium aparine and Veronica persica had always been the dominant broad-leaved weeds in winter wheat fields in Henan Province, with relative abundance of 26.89% and 10.68% in 2023, respectively. In the past 10 years, two surveys showed that the comprehensive relative abundance of G. aparine ranked first, G. aparine caused great damage in both dry-stubble wheat field and rice-stubble wheat field, and V. persica had risen from 6th to 3rd. (3) G. aparine, A. tauschii, V. persica, and Descurainia sophia became the dominant weeds in winter wheat fields in Henan Province. In 2013, only G. aparine and Capsella bursa-pastoris had relative abundance of more than 10%, which was 17.38% and 10.92%, respectively, but in 2023, the relative abundance of G. aparine, A. tauschii, V. persica, and D. sophia exceeded 10%, which was 26.89%, 13.45%, 10.68%, and 10.65%, respectively. (4) The damage of regional dominant weeds was also serious, such as Lamium amplexicaule, Raphanus raphanistrum, Malachium aquaticum, Euphorbia helioscopia, Lithospermum arvense, and Geranium carolinianum. In addition, regional harmful weeds such as Lapsana apogonoides, Mazus japonicus, and Alopecurus aequalis were mainly distributed in rice-stubble wheat fields.【Conclusion】The changes of the weed communities in winter wheat fields in Henan Province are mainly caused by the changes of farming systems, the spread and invasion of malignant weeds and the development of weed resistance. Cross-regional operation of combine harvester and human unconscious carrying and spreading are also important factors to promote the change of weed community. Therefore, in the prevention and control of weeds in winter wheat fields in Henan Province, the integrated weed control strategies, such as combining chemical herbicides with agronomic measures, the precise selection of herbicides according to the field grass phase in different planting areas and using herbicides with different mechanisms, should be promoted.

Key words: Henan Province, weed community, winter wheat field, community succession

GAO XingXiang, KONG Yuan, ZHANG YaoZhong, LI Mei, LI Jian, JIN Yan, ZHANG GuoFu, LIU ShuaiShuai, LIU MingPing, ZENG Yan, BAI LianYang. Analysis on Distribution and Change of Weed Community in Winter Wheat Field in Henan Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(1): 91-100.

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References 31

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杂草种类 Weed species	北部平原区 <BOLD>N</BOLD>orthern plain region	中南部平原区 <BOLD>M</BOLD>iddle-southern plain region	东部平原区 Eastern plain region	西部丘陵区 Western hill region	西南部丘陵区 South-western hill region	南部平原区 Southern plain region	河南省 Henan Province
猪殃殃G. aparine	23.97	15.28	25.90	14.59	30.06	43.22	26.89
节节麦A. tauschii	17.36	8.04	19.67	4.29	9.74	0.60	13.45
波斯婆婆纳V. persica	11.23	10.07	11.29	8.29	6.44	14.13	10.68
播娘蒿D. sophia	13.83	8.17	7.17	17.58	6.25	0.15	10.65
多花黑麦草L. multiflorum	2.00	15.98	2.01	4.68	8.29	9.52	8.19
荠菜C. bursa-pastoris	5.43	6.51	5.20	13.58	3.24	0.85	6.29
野燕麦A. fatua	4.80	5.72	5.19	5.75	4.99	3.22	5.80
雀麦B. japonicus	5.88	3.51	3.96	0.14	3.18	0	4.15
宝盖草L. amplexicaule	0.60	2.81	0.23	4.00	7.93	1.48	3.86
野芥菜R. raphanistrum	0.97	3.86	2.06	2.29	3.24	2.61	2.88
牛繁缕M. aquaticum	0.26	3.96	1.12	0	3.03	7.20	2.42
泽漆E. helioscopia	1.17	2.34	3.72	4.23	1.03	0	2.22
刺儿菜C. setosum	2.10	1.32	1.38	1.75	1.80	0.56	1.88
麦家公L. arvense	1.95	0.85	1.10	4.48	0.67	0	1.57
大穗看麦娘A. myosuroides	0.36	2.22	3.53	0	0.62	0	1.41
看麦娘A. aequalis	0	0.35	2.88	0.66	0.05	21.32	1.30
野老鹳草G. carolinianum	0.07	0.94	0.82	0	1.80	2.66	1.04
打碗花C. hederacea	0.83	0.79	0.96	0.79	1.07	0.96	1.02
救荒野豌豆V. sativa	0.36	1.18	0	0.48	1.00	2.18	0.82
早熟禾P. annua	0.65	0.48	1.49	0.18	0.16	1.99	0.67
麦瓶草S. conoidea	1.10	0.35	0.12	2.52	0	0	0.65
小花黄堇C. racemosa	0	0	0	0	1.81	0	0.58
秃疮花D. leptopodum	0.70	0.28	0	2.74	0	0	0.52
稻槎菜L. apogonoides	0	0	0	0	0	14.12	0.45
球果蔊菜R. globosa	0	0.06	0	0	0	1.87	0.07
通泉草M. japonicus	0	0.03	0	0	0	1.55	0.06

区域 Region	物种丰富度 Species richness	香农指数 Shannon-Wiener index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	均匀度指数 Pielou index
北部平原区Northern plain region	36	2.4353	0.1300	0.6796
中南部平原区Middle-southern plain region	42	2.6564	0.0864	0.7107
东部平原区Eastern plain region	36	2.5288	0.1358	0.7057
西部丘陵区Western hill region	37	2.6866	0.0929	0.7440
西南部丘陵区South-western hill region	38	2.5614	0.1291	0.7042
南部平原区Southern plain region	30	2.6721	0.2921	0.7856

Analysis on Distribution and Change of Weed Community in Winter Wheat Field in Henan Province

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