新疆阿克苏地区猪场optrA/lsa(E)阳性粪肠球菌的耐药情况及传播特点分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.013

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of optrA and lsa(E) genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from pig farms in Aksu region of Xinjiang and the resistance profiles of these optrA/lsa(E)-carrying isolates, which would provide scientific data for evaluating the impact and hazard of these two important resistance genes. 【Method】PCR screening of optrA and lsa(E) genes were conducted for the collected 322 E. faecalis isolates in laboratory of veterinary pharmacology from Xinjiang Agricultural University. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of doxycycline, linezolid, florfenicol, vancomycin, levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin and valnemulin were determined by agar dilution method recommended by CLSI documents. Corresponding resistance genes, including ermA, ermB, ermC, fexA, fexB, tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), aac(6')-le- aph(2")-Ia, and cfr, were detected by PCR method. 31 strains with different backgrounds were selected to determine the MLST types and subjected to conjugation transfer experiments. 【Result】A total of 193 E. faecalis isolates were positive for optrA and/or lsa(E), of which 38 strains co-harbored optrA and lsa(E), 9 strains produced only optrA gene, and 146 strains contained only lsa(E) gene. The 193 E. faecalis strains showed 100% resistance to erythromycin, tylosin, tetracycline, doxycycline, gentamicin and valnemulin. Although the detection rate of optrA gene was much lower than that of lsa(E), the bacterial resistance degree in optrA-carrying isolates was significantly higher than that in strains carrying only lsa(E) gene and optrA and lsa(E)-negative strains. The detection rates of resistance genes also showed similar trend. E. faecalis strains carrying both optrA and lsa(E) and strains carrying only optrA showed multiresistance to 8 and 10 antibiotics, accounting for 84.6% and 100.0%, respectively. E. faecalis strains carrying only lsa(E) and optrA and lsa(E)-negative strains were mainly resistant to 6-8 antibitoics, accounting for 84.6% and 100.0%, respectively. Further analysis showed that detection rates of optrA and lsa(E) genes were higher in the pig farms with high resistance degree. Screening of resistance genes showed that ermB, ermC, tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, and fex(A) genes were presented in the 193 E. faecalis strains. In general, the detection rates of resistance genes in E. faecalis strains carrying both optrA and lsa(E) and single optrA genes were higher than that in strains carrying single lsa(E) and optrA and lsa(E)-negative strains. The results of MLST and conjugation transfer experiments indicated that optrA/lsa(E)-producing E. faecalis strains were genetically complex and clonal and horizontal transfer co-existed in these pig farms. 【Conclusion】The high carriage rate of optrA and lsa(E) genes and the high level of drug resistance in E. faecalis in pig farms in Aksu region of Xinjiang indicated that antibiotic resistance was serious in this region, which could threaten not only pig industry, but also public health. Preventive and control actions should be taken immediately to prevent further deterioration of antibiotic resistance.

Key words: Aksu area, pig farms, Enterococcus faecalis, OptrA gene, Lsa(E) gene, drug resistance

WANG Dong, CHEN WanZhao, LI HongBo, QIN Lei, XU QiQi, LIU ZePeng, XIA LiNing. Analysis of Drug Resistance and Epidemic Characteristics of optrA/lsa(E) in Enterococcus faecalis from Pig Farms in Aksu Area of Xinjiang[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(16): 3213-3225.

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References 32

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引物名称 Primer	引物序列 Sequence (5'-3')	片段大小 Products (bp)	退火温度 Annealing temperature (℃)
optrA-F	AGGTGGTCAGCGAACTAA	1466	54
optrA-R	ATCAACTGTTCCCATTCA	1466	54
lsa(E)-F	TTGTACGGAATGTATGG	675	52
lsa(E)-R	TTCGCTTCTATTAAGCACTCTT	675	52

引物名称 Primer	引物序列 Sequences (5'-3')	片段大小 Products (bp)	退火温度 Annealing temperature (℃)
ermA-F	TCTAAAAAGCATGTAAAAGAA	645	53.0
ermA-R	CTTCGATAGTTTATTAATATTAGT	645	53.0
ermB-F	GAAAAAGTACTCAACCAAATA	639	50.0
ermB-R	AGTAACGGTACTTAAATTGTTTAC	639	50.0
ermC-F	TCGAAACGTAATATAGATAAA	642	47.5
ermC-R	GCTAATATTGTTTAAATCGTCAAT	642	47.5
tet(L)-F	GTTGCGCGCTATATTCCAAA	788	51.7
tet(L)-R	TTAAGCAAACTCATTCCAGC	788	51.7
tet(K)-F	TTAGGTGAAGGGTTAGGTCC	718	49.9
tet(K)-R	GCAAACTCATTCCAGAAGCA	718	49.9
tet(M)-F	ACAGAAAGCTTATTATATAAC	171	48.5
tet(M)-R	TGGCGTGTCTATGATGTTCAC	171	48.5
fexA-F	GTACTTGTAGGTGCAATTACGGCTGA	1272	57.0
fexA-R	CGCATCTGAGTAGGACATAGCGTC	1272	57.0
fexB-F	TTCCCACTATTGGTGAAAGGAT	750	51.9
fexB-R	GCAATTCCCTTTTATGGACGTT	750	51.9
cfr-F	TGAAGTATAAAGCAGGTTGGGAGT	746	53.2
cfr-R	ACCATATAATTGACCACAAGCAGC	746	53.2
aac(6')-aph(2")-F	CCAAGAGCAATAAGGGATACC	672	58.0
aac(6')-aph(2")-R	ACCCTCAAAAACTGTTGTTGC	672	58.0

基因携带情况 Gene carriage status	检出率（检出数/菌株总数）Detectable rate (Number of detections/ total number of strains)
基因携带情况 Gene carriage status	A猪场 A farm	B猪场 B farm	C猪场 C farm	D猪场 D farm	合计 Total
共存菌株 Coexistence of two genes	4.5%（2/44）	27.2%（22/81）	0（0/35）	8.6%（14/162）	11.8%（38/322）
仅检出optrA的菌株 Strains with only the optrA detected	4.5%（2/44）	8.6%（7/81）	0（0/35）	0（0/162）	2.8%（9/322）
仅检出lsa(E)的菌株 Strains with only the lsa(E) detected	11.4%（5/44）	33.3%（27/81）	22.8%（8/35）	63.0%（102/162）	45.3%（146/322）

抗菌药物 Antibacterial drug	猪场（耐药数/菌株数）Swine farm (Number of drug resistance/ Number of strains)
抗菌药物 Antibacterial drug	A猪场 A farm	B猪场 B farm	C猪场C farm	D猪场 D farm	合计 Total
AMP	0.0% a（0/44）	0.0% a（0/81）	0.0% a（0/146）	0.0% a（0/162）	0.0%（0/322）
ERY	97.7% a（43//44）	100.0% a（81/81）	94.3% a（33/35）	100.0% a（162/162）	99.1%（319/322）
TYL	97.7% a（43/44）	100.0% a（81/81）	91.4% a（32/35）	100.0% a（162/162）	98.8%（318/322）
LZD	11.4% a（5/44）	35.8% b（29/81）	0.0% c（0/35）	7.4% ac（12/162）	14.3%（46/322）
TET	100.0% a（44/44）	100.0% a（81/81）	97.1% a（34/35）	100.0% a（162/162）	99.7%（321/322）
DOX	100.0% a（44/44）	100.0% a（81/81）	100.0% a（35/35）	100.0% a（162/162）	100.0%（322/322）
VAN	0.0% a（0/44）	0.0% a（0/81）	0.0% a（0/35）	0.0% a（0/162）	0.0%（0/322）
FFC	29.5% a（13/44）	54.3% b（44/81）	0.0% c（0/35）	17.9% a（29/162）	26.7%（86/322）
LEV	11.4% ab（5/44）	96.3% c（78/81）	8.6% b（3/35）	23.5% a（38/162）	38.5%（124/322）
ENR	27.3% a（12/44）	96.3% b（78/81）	5.7% c（2/35）	27.8% a（45/162）	42.5%（137/322）
GEN	100.0% a（44/44）	100.0% a（81/81）	100.0% a（35/35）	96.3% a（156/162）	98.1%（316/322）
VAL	100.0% a（44/44）	100.0% a(81/81)	100.0% a(35/35)	96.3% a(156/162)	98.1%(316/322)

抗菌药物 Antibacterial drug	耐药率（耐药菌株数/菌株总数）Drug resistance rate (number of drug-resistant strains/total number of strains)
抗菌药物 Antibacterial drug	共存菌株 Strain with coexistence of two genes	仅检出optrA的菌株 Strains with only the optrA detected	仅检出lsa(E)的菌株 Only lsa(E) positive strains	optrA、lsa(E)阴性菌株 optrA, lsa(E) negative strains
AMP	0 a（0/38）	0 a（0/9）	0 a（0/146）	0.0% a（0/129）
ERY	100.0% a（38/38）	100.0% a（9/9）	100.0% a（146/146）	97.7% a（126/129）
TYL	100.0% a（38/38）	100.0% a（9/9）	100.0% a（146/146）	96.9% a（125/129）
LZD	100.0% a（38/38）	100.0% a（9/9）	0% b（0/146）	0.0% b（0/129）
VAL	100.0% a（38/38）	100.0% a（9/9）	100.0% a（146/146）	99.2% a（128/129）
TET	100.0% a（38/38）	100.0% a（9/9）	100.0% a（146/146）	99.2% a（128/129）
DOX	100.0% a（38/38）	100.0% a（9/9）	100.0% a（146/146）	100.0% a（129/129）
VAN	0 a（0/38）	0 a（0/9）	0 a（0/146）	0 a（0/129）
FFC	100.0% a（38/38）	100.0% a（9/9）	13.7% b（20/146）	17.8% b（23/129）
LEV	52.6% a（20/38）	77.0% a（7/9）	40.4% a（59/146）	29.5% b（38/129）
ENR	55.3% a（21/38）	77.0% a（7/9）	45.9% a（67/146）	29.5% b（38/129）
GEN	100.0% a（38/38）	100.0% a（9/9）	95.9% a（140/146）	100.0% a（129/129）

Analysis of Drug Resistance and Epidemic Characteristics of optrA/lsa(E) in Enterococcus faecalis from Pig Farms in Aksu Area of Xinjiang

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耐药基因 Drug-resistant gene	耐药基因检出率（耐药菌株数/菌株总数） Detection rate of drug-resistant genes (number of drug-resistant strains/total number of strains)
耐药基因 Drug-resistant gene	共存菌株 Strain with coexistence of two genes	仅检出optrA的菌株 Strains with only the optrA detected	仅检出lsa(E)的菌株 Only lsa(E) positive strains	optrA、lsa(E)阴性菌株 optrA, lsa(E) negative strains
ermA	89.5% a（34/38）	100.0% a（9/9）	1.4% b（2/146）	3.1%b（4/129）
ermB	100.0% a（38/38）	100.0% a（9/9）	100.0% a（146/146）	94.6%a（122/129）
ermC	28.9% ab（11/38）	55.5% b（5/9）	20.5% a（30/146）	45.7%a（59/129）
fexA	97.4% a（37/38）	88.8% a（8/9）	6.8% b（10/146）	6.2%b（8/129）
fexB	0 a（0/38）	0 a（0/9）	0.7% a（1/146）	1.6%a（2/129）
tet(K)	84.2% a（32/38）	100.0% a（9/9）	39.7% b（58/146）	71.3%a（92/129）
tet(L)	100.0% a（38/38）	100.0% a（9/9）	89.7% a（131/146）	90.7%a（117/129）
tet(M)	100.0% a（38/38）	100.0% a（9/9）	100.0% a（146/146）	100.0%a（129/129）
aac(6')-le -aph(2")-Ia	100.0% a（38/38）	44.4% b（4/9）	93.2% a（136/146）	39.5%b（51/129）
cfr	0 a（0/38）	0 a（0/9）	0 a（0/146）	0.0%a（0/129）

菌株 Strain	携带基因 Carried gene	猪场 Swine farm	ST分型 ST type
A1	optrA、lsa(E)	A	ST16
A13	lsa(E)	A	ST480
A22	optrA	A	ST16
A43	optrA	A	ST633
B45	lsa(E)	B	ST1061
B51	lsa(E)	B	ST1061
B53	lsa(E)	B	ST1058
B77	optrA、lsa(E)	B	ST1058
B78	optrA、lsa(E)	B	ST1058
B80	optrA	B	ST1058
B89	optrA、lsa(E)	B	ST1061
B101	optrA、lsa(E)	B	ST1058
B119	optrA、lsa(E)	B	ST1058
B120	optrA	B	ST1058
B121	optrA、lsa(E)	B	ST1061
B122	optrA	B	ST1058
B125	lsa(E)	B	ST1061
C140	lsa(E)	C	ST1007
C144	lsa(E)	C	ST532
C145	lsa(E)	C	ST532
C148	lsa(E)	C	ST81
C152	lsa(E)	C	ST532
C159	lsa(E)	C	ST1061
C160	lsa(E)	C	ST1061
D5	optrA、lsa(E)	D	ST632
D9	lsa(E)	D	ST32
D32	optrA、lsa(E)	D	ST369
D105	optrA、lsa(E)	D	ST369
D108	lsa(E)	D	ST632
D158	lsa(E)	D	ST369
D159	optrA、lsa(E)	D	ST369

菌株编号 Strain No.	基因 Gene	接合效率 Efficiency of conjugation	ST分型 ST type
B101	optrA和lsa(E)	1.2×10^-4	ST1058
D105	optrA	9.6×10^-5	ST369

菌株编号 Strain No.	MIC (μg·mL^-1)
菌株编号 Strain No.	沃尼妙林 Valnemulin	林可霉素 Lincomycin	氟苯尼考 Florfenicol	利奈唑胺 Linezolid	利福平 Rifampicin	夫西地酸 Fusidic
JH2-2	64	32	4	1	>512	>512
B101	512	>512	64	4	1	8
B101-1	256	>512	4	1	>512	>512
D105	256	32	64	4	1	8
D105-1	64	32	64	4	>512	>512

[1]	LI ShuMin, FANG LiangXing, LI Liang, ZHAO Meng, LU Xiao, GU WeiQi, LIAO XiaoPing, SUN Jian, XIONG YanQiong, LIU YaHong. Investigation on the Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus Methicillin-Resistant MLS_B from Food Animals in Six Provinces of China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(9): 1646-1656.
[2]	CHEN ChaoXi, HE DongMei, TANG Cheng. Vicissitude of Drug Resistance and Integron-Carrying of Escherichia coli Isolated from Yak Between 2009 and 2016 in Northwest Sichuan Plateau [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(9): 1705-1713.
[3]	,,,,,. Construction of Subtractive cDNA Libraries of Eimeria tenella to Maduramycin and Diclazuril by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(08): 1712-1716 .