小麦穗长主效QTL—qSl-2D的遗传和育种选择效应解析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.20.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】By analyzing the genetic and breeding selection effects of the stable major QTL for spike length in wheat, its genetic effects on yield-related traits were clarified, and the future breeding application potential was evaluated. The results could provide a basis for subsequent gene mining and molecular breeding of wheat. 【Method】A major QTL for spike length, named qSl-2D, was detected in multiple environments using a recombinant inbred lines population derived from the cross of Kenong9204 and Jing411, denoted as KJ-RIL; Two molecular markers closely linked to qSl-2D were developed by using the InDel sites in target interval. The genetic effects of yield-related traits based on KJ-RIL, MY-F₂, NILs and natural mapping populations, were analyzed by combining genotype data of molecular markers or wheat 55K array, respectively. By genotyping the natural mapping population, the breeding selection effect of qSl-2D haplotype was parsed across different wheat regions and different ages. 【Result】QTL mapping results showed that qSl-2D could be detected in 7/10 sets of environmental data, and could explain 4.02%-10.10% of the phenotypic variation. The peak LOD of 5/10 sets of environmental data was positioned at 608.75 Mb. The results of genetic effect analysis showed that the enhancing allele of qSl-2D could significantly increase spike length in the four populations with different genetic backgrounds. In addition, it has positive effects on kernel number per spike and plant height, but has negative effects on thousand kernel weight, kernel weight per spike and yield per plant in most population backgrounds. Further analysis of plant height in KJ-RIL population showed that the enhancing allele had rod lowering effect on all internode lengths except the internode length below spike, which resulted in the insignificant increase in plant height. The results of qSl-2D haplotype analysis showed that the utilization rates of the long-spike haplotype Hap-AA-GG varied greatly in different wheat regions, with the highest utilization rate in the northern winter wheat region, accounting for 24%; while the short-spike haplotype Hap-CC-CC accounted for more than 30% in most wheat regions. Moreover, the utilization rate of qSl-2D long-spike haplotype showed a gradual decrease over time, while that of short-spike haplotype consistently maintained a higher selection trend. 【Conclusion】A stable major QTL-qSl-2D for spike length was identified, the enhancing allele of qSl-2D could significantly increase spike length under different genetic backgrounds, and had certain genetic effects on yield-related traits. The closely linked molecular markers developed in the target region can be used for the genetic improvement of wheat spike length and yield-related traits in wheat.

Key words: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), spike length, major QTL, genetic effects analysis, molecular marker

DONG JiZi, CHEN LinQu, GUO HaoRu, ZHANG MengYu, LIU ZhiXiao, HAN Lei, TIAN ZhaoSaShuang, XU NingHao, GUO QingJie, HUANG ZhenJie, YANG AoYu, ZHAO ChunHua, WU YongZhen, SUN Han, QIN Ran, CUI Fa. Analysis of Genetic and Breeding Selection Effects of A Major QTL-qSl-2D for Wheat Spike Length[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(20): 3917-3930.

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环境 Environments	位置 Position (Mb)	左端标记 Left marker	右端标记 Right marker	LOD	表型变异率 PVE (%)	加性效应 Add
E1	608.75	AX-111528013	AX-95178308	10.13	4.02	-0.20
E3	608.75	AX-111528013	AX-95178308	9.07	10.10	-0.24
E4	608.75	AX-111528013	AX-95178308	9.07	8.73	-0.25
E7	577.75	AX-109437399	AX-94823865	5.72	8.31	-0.22
E8	608.75	AX-111528013	AX-95178308	5.63	7.93	-0.21
LN-BLUE	609.75	AX-95178308	AX-108752409	8.42	9.85	-0.19
HN-BLUE	608.75	AX-111528013	AX-95178308	9.82	8.49	-0.20

基因型 Genotype	性状Traits
基因型 Genotype	穗下节间长 ILBS (cm)	倒二节间长 SECITL (cm)	倒三节间长 THIITL (cm)	倒四节间长 FOUITL (cm)	倒五节间长 FIFITL (cm)
Hap-KN9204	20.71±3.82	19.78±2.11	13.55±1.37	9.50±1.34	5.78±1.28
Hap-J411	21.16±4.14	19.37±2.13	13.37±1.31	9.33±1.31	5.49±1.40

基因型 Genotype	性状Traits
基因型 Genotype	穗长 SL (cm)	株高 PH (cm)	穗粒数 KNPS	每穗小穗数 SNPS	单株穗数 SN	千粒重 TKW (g)	小穗密度 SD
NIL-KN9204	7.73±0.50	61.17±1.92	53.75±3.40	18.50±1.69	8.42±2.37	39.07±3.68	2.93±3.40
NIL-J411	8.5±0.57**	61.58±2.43	55.67±5.68	18.71±2.49	10.14±1.77	38.54±2.96	2.27±0.20

基因型 Genotype	性状Traits
基因型 Genotype	穗长 SL (cm)	株高 PH (cm)	穗粒数 KNPS	每穗小穗数 SNPS	千粒重 TKW (g)	小穗密度 SD
Hap-M37	10.08±0.74^**	78.33±5.90^**	57.89±7.62	20.00±1.12	41.62±2.96	3.95±3.47^**
Hap-YN999	9.16±0.93	74.99±5.21	55.26±7.23	19.20±1.46	41.44±4.11	2.13±0.21

QTL名称 QTL name	左端标记 Left marker	右端标记 Right marker	区间 Interval (Mb)	参考文献 Reference
QSl2D-1	XGWM296	XWMC112	17.61—23.02	[36]
QSl2D-2	XCFD53	XWMC18	23.02—130.83	[36]
QSl2D-3	XGWM296	XGWM261	17.61—19.62	[36]
QSl2D-4	XGWM311.2	XBARC129.2	647.51-	[36]
QSl2D-5	XWMC112	XCFD53	—23.02	[36]
QSpl.nau-2D	Xcfd53	DG371	23.02—	[13]
QTL	wmc181	gs2a	593.74—	[15]
QTL	gwm261	barc168	19.62—44.74	[15]
QTL	Xcfd53	Xwmc18	23.02—130.83	[37]
QTL	Xwgrc1257	DG371	/	[17]
QSl.sau.2D.1	AX-111096297	AX-109422526	32.97—35.02	[18]
QSl.sau.2D.2	AX-110552569	AX-111660432	602.14—606.92	[18]
qSL-2D.1	AX-111939856	AX-111497351	30.49—31.58	[19]
Qsl.nwsuaf-2D	tplb0053n05_793	Kukri_c51992_290	20.77—22.45	[20]
QSL-XX.2D	AX-111561744	AX-179557748	23.42—31.56	[21]
MQTL-2D-1	2243439--D	GDEEGVY02I0IOX_61	2.69—8.98	[10]
MQTL-2D-2	D_contig74612	253--2243548	5.44—10.32	[10]
MQTL-2D-3	3222417--D	GA8KES401CIV9Z_240	24.98—28.76	[10]
MQTL-2D-4	1282771	983316	28.88—36.42	[10]
QTL	AX-109911369	AX-111087066	18.2—36.89	[38]
QSl.cas-2D.2	AX-110462142	AX-110168677	585.69—601.05	[39]

Analysis of Genetic and Breeding Selection Effects of A Major QTL-qSl-2D for Wheat Spike Length

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