不同磷肥施用量对高寒地区覆膜蚕豆光合特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.10.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different mulching methods and phosphorus (P) fertilizer application levels on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and water use efficiency of broad bean, so as to provide data support for the selection of broad bean planting modes and soil nutrient management practices in alpine regions. 【Method】 Used spring broad bean 'Qinghai No.13' as experimental material, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different mulching methods and P fertilizer application levels on soil hydrothermal conditions, the photosynthetic characteristics of broad bean, yield, and water use efficiency in the eastern of Qinghai Province from 2020 to 2023. For plot setup, the random block design was used, and three mulching methods were set up, i.e. double ridges and furrows mulch (DRM), and three ridges and furrows mulch (TRM), and no mulch (NMF), with three P fertilizer application levels (P0, no fertilizer; P1, 9.10 kg P·hm^-2; P2, 18.2 kg P·hm^-2). 【Result】 (1) Compared with NMF, DRM and TRM treatments increased the daily mean soil temperature within the 10 cm soil layer by 16.1% to 20.5% and 16.7% to 23.0%, respectively, and also increased soil water content and storage in the 0-2 m soil layer of broad bean growing season. (2) Compared with NMF, DRM and TRM treatments decreased the leaf transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, net photosynthesis rate and leaf area index during the flowering and podding periods, and deceased grain yield, aboveground biomass, and water use efficiency of broad bean too. The highest mean annual grain yield was 2 273 kg·hm^-2 under NMF treatment, followed by 1 030 kg·hm^-2 under TRM and 943 kg·hm^-2 under DRM. (3) P fertilizer application enhanced the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration, stomatal conductance, and leaf area index in the flowering and podding periods of broad bean under NMF and DRM treatments, but the trends under TRM treatment were reversed. (4) The correlation analysis indicated that the grain yield, aboveground biomass, and water use efficiency were significantly positive correlated with the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration, stomatal conductance, and leaf area index, and were significantly negative correlated with the daily mean soil temperature of the growing seasons. 【Conclusion】 Ridge-furrow plastic film mulching treatments (DRM and TRM) inhibited the growth of broad bean in later growth stages, slowed down the growth rate of leaf area index, reduced photosynthesis, which resulted in the decreased grain yield, aboveground biomass, and water use efficiency. Under the conditions of this experiment, no mulch with flat planting combined with 18.2 kg P·hm^-2phosphorus fertilizer significantly enhanced photosynthetic area and photosynthesis, thus increase the grain yield and water use efficiency of broad bean, which could be used as an effective practice to increase broad bean productivity in alpine region.

Key words: broad bean, film mulching, phosphorus levels, photosynthesis, yield

XU QiuYun, ZHOU WeiDi, HAN ChengLong, GU YanJie. Effects of Different Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Rates on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Broad Bean Mulched in Alpine Region[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(10): 1917-1933.

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覆膜方式 Mulching treatment	磷水平 Phosphate level	开花结荚期土壤平均温度 Mean soil temperature during flowering and podding period (℃)			生育期土壤平均温度 Mean soil temperature during the growth period (℃)
覆膜方式 Mulching treatment	磷水平 Phosphate level	2021	2022	2023	2021	2022	2023
平作不覆膜 No film mulching with flat planting (NMF)	P0	20.09±0.38aB	17.90±1.68aB	18.05±1.23aB	16.63±0.67aB	16.91±1.33aB	15.92±1.06aB
	P1	20.31±0.82aB	18.47±0.43aB	18.40±0.94aB	16.92±0.00aB	17.27±0.51aC	16.20±0.60aB
	P2	22.08±1.72aA	18.50±0.74aA	19.29±1.26aB	16.99±0.05aB	17.31±0.47aB	16.63±0.72aB
全膜双垄沟播 Double ridges and furrows mulched with one plastic film (DRM)	P0	23.03±0.72aAB	20.74±2.20aAB	22.39±0.42aA	19.66±0.77aA	20.48±1.18aA	19.45±0.17aA
	P1	23.08±1.25aA	20.82±1.02aA	22.82±1.41aA	19.63±0.57aA	20.59±0.27aB	19.93±0.87aA
	P2	22.32±0.86aA	21.15±2.63aA	21.75±0.59aA	19.34±0.16aA	19.95±0.63aA	19.35±0.53aA
三垄全覆膜沟播 Three ridges and furrows mulched with one plastic film (TRM)	P0	21.90±1.91aB	22.29±0.75aB	23.06±0.16aA	19.43±0.78aA	21.48±0.33aA	20.27±0.16aA
	P1	23.70±0.55aA	22.05±0.34aA	22.25±0.68aA	19.97±0.03aA	21.27±0.05aA	19.64±0.62aA
	P2	23.66±2.72aA	21.15±0.54aA	22.30±0.73aA	19.56±0.64aA	20.58±0.09bA	19.54±0.27aA
方差分析 Analysis of variance
覆膜方式Mulching treatment (M)		***			***
磷水平Phosphate level (P)		ns			ns
年份Year (Y)		***			***
M×P		ns			ns
M×Y		ns			ns
P×Y		ns			ns
M×P×Y		ns			ns

覆膜方式 Mulching treatment	磷水平 Phosphate level	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)				地上生物量 Above-ground biomass (kg·hm^-2)
覆膜方式 Mulching treatment	磷水平 Phosphate level	2020	2021	2022	2023	2020	2021	2022	2023
平作不覆膜 No film mulching with flat planting (NMF)	P0	4544±10aA	1549±108aA	1035±7bA	740±256aA	8037±230aA	3278±24bA	2132±90aA	1259±127abA
	P1	4778±2118aA	1790±681aA	980±245bA	784±180aA	8860±1305aA	3826±615abA	2105±838aA	1203±38bA
	P2	6224±130aA	2487±436aA	1471±100aA	889±121aA	9209±533aA	4650±392aA	2153±238aA	1396±53aA
全膜双垄沟播 Double ridges and furrows mulched with one plastic film (DRM)	P0	1492±87cC	963±137bC	224±30cC	198±8bB	2977±293bC	1832±262aC	1091±493aB	357±45bC
	P1	1899±28bB	1009±174bA	347±9bB	223±47bB	3259±202bB	1874±349aB	1176±100aA	552±201abB
	P2	2622±46aB	1349±173aB	487±45aB	500±87aB	4192±224aB	2420±238aB	1262±168aB	843±169aB
三垄全覆膜沟播 Three ridges and furrows mulched with one plastic film (TRM)	P0	2628±54aB	1331±50aB	470±66aB	308±34aB	4424±211aB	2362±260aB	1193±130aB	567±61aB
	P1	2327±59bB	1207±9bA	478±16aB	290±77aB	4388±45aB	2279±201aB	1167±91aA	536±107aB
	P2	1713±63cC	967±8cB	399±39aB	247±15aC	4019±381aB	1819±71bC	1034±40aB	488±65aC
方差分析Analysis of variance
覆膜方式Mulching treatment (M)		***				***
磷水平Phosphate level (P)		**				**
年份Year (Y)		***				***
覆膜方式×磷水平M×P		***				***
覆膜方式×年份M×Y		***				***
磷水平×年份P×Y		ns				ns
覆膜方式×磷水平×年份M×P×Y		ns				ns

覆膜方式 Mulching treatment	磷水平 Phosphate level	耗水量 Water consumption (mm)				水分利用效率 Water use efficiency (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)
覆膜方式 Mulching treatment	磷水平 Phosphate level	2020	2021	2022	2023	2020	2021	2022	2023
平作不覆膜 No film mulching with flat planting (NMF)	P0	471.48±16.84bA	316.53±6.34bB	385.90±2.00cA	321.06±5.00bA	9.48±0.18bA	4.89±0.24cA	2.68±0.03bA	1.97±0.55aA
	P1	473.79±10.03bA	345.18±5.00aA	399.17±2.00bA	326.60±1.17bA	12.40±2.50aA	6.25±0.41bA	2.77±0.30bA	2.4±0.55aA
	P2	502.41±11.59aA	350.71±6.07aA	412.86±3.00aA	339.70±3.75aA	12.67±0.28aA	7.73±0.76aA	3.56±0.27aA	2.62±0.39aA
全膜双垄沟播 Double ridges and furrows mulched with one plastic film (DRM)	P0	389.05±3.32bC	320.17±8.19bB	363.87±3.00cC	274.90±0.80bC	3.83±0.21cC	3.02±0.51bC	0.61±0.08cC	0.72±0.03bB
	P1	393.84±4.07bB	329.54±10.00abA	372.85±3.00bC	291.43±2.70aB	4.82±0.02bB	3.32±0.16abB	0.93±0.03bB	0.85±0.08bB
	P2	403.45±4.25aB	339.58±7.28aAB	381.00±2.00aB	288.81±5.53aB	6.50±0.16aB	3.97±0.43aB	1.28±0.11aB	1.38±0.08aB
三垄全覆膜沟播 Three ridges and furrows mulched with one plastic film (TRM)	P0	408.91±1.17aB	339.34±5.39aA	378.45±3.03aB	302.82±5.00aB	6.43±0.14aB	3.92±0.19aB	1.33±0.10aB	1.02±0.11aB
	P1	402.92±4.00bB	337.56±10.83aA	378.18±1.07aB	296.87±4.41aB	5.78±0.18bB	3.58±0.09bB	1.26±0.04aB	0.98±0.25aB
	P2	372.78±2.32cC	331.90±2.19aB	363.87±2.96bC	283.80±0.25bB	4.54±0.08cC	2.91±0.02cC	1.04±0.06bB	0.87±0.05aC
方差分析 Analysis of variance
覆膜方式 Mulching treatment (M)		***				***
磷水平 Phosphate level (P)		***				***
年份Year (Y)		***				***
覆膜方式×磷水平M×P		***				***
覆膜方式×年份M×Y		***				***
磷水平×年份P×Y		*				*
覆膜方式×磷水平×年份 M×P×Y		**				***

覆膜方式 Mulching treatment	磷水平 Phosphate level	2021	2022	2023
平作不覆膜 No film mulching with flat planting (NMF)	P0	—	—	—
	P1	9.96±2.68	4.30±1.20	4.18±1.43
	P2	7.98±2.90	1.91±0.66	2.12±0.57
全膜双垄沟播 Double ridges and furrows mulched with one plastic film (DRM)	P0	—	—	—
	P1	7.37±1.87	3.66±1.17	1.61±0.68
	P2	8.29±0.85	2.88±0.93	1.47±0.40
三垄全覆膜沟播 Three ridges and furrows mulched with one plastic film (TRM)	P0	—	—	—
	P1	-4.08±0.62	-2.37±0.16	-1.87±0.32
	P2	-4.65±0.96	-1.17±0.59	-1.20±0.39

Effects of Different Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Rates on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Broad Bean Mulched in Alpine Region

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