稻油轮作系统秸秆直接还田与焚烧还田的作物产量和养分表观平衡特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.16.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term different straw return methods on productivity and apparent balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in rice-rapeseed rotation system, in order to provide the theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of straw resources in the rotation system.【Method】The field experiment was located in Wuxue City, Hubei Province, and started in 2014, with three treatments of straw not return (NPK), direct straw return (NPK+St) and burning straw return (NPK+Sb), to determine and analyze the yields, nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium nutrient uptake and their apparent balances and other related indicators of rice and rapeseed in the consecutive 10-year period from 2014 to 2024.【Result】The average results of the 10-year experiment showed that compared with the NPK treatment, the rice and rapeseed yield in the NPK+St treatment increased significantly by 7.7% and 10.7%, respectively; the rapeseed yield in the NPK+Sb treatment increased significantly by 5.2%, and the effect of yield increase on rice was not significant. The yield increase effects of NPK+Sb and NPK+St increased with the increase in years of straw return, and in the 6th year reached the significant level. Based on the annual nutrient uptake characteristics, compared with the NPK treatment, the annual nitrogen uptake in the NPK+St and NPK+Sb treatments increased by an average of 11.6% and 2.9%, respectively, the annual phosphorus uptake increased by an average of 11.9% and 10.2%, respectively, and the annual potassium accumulation increased by an average of 55.8% and 39.1%, respectively. Direct straw return significantly enhanced the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the rotation system. Burning straw return effectively increased the absorption of phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the rotation system. The annual nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium surplus of rice-rapeseed rotation in the NPK treatment were 101.3 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1, -8.9 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2·a^-1 and -296.6 kg K₂O·hm^-2·a^-1, respectively. The annual nitrogen surplus in the NPK+St treatment averaged 166.1 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1, with an increase of 64.0%. The annual phosphorus and potassium nutrient surpluses were realized for both NPK+St and NPK+Sb treatments, with surpluses of 33.0 and 19.0 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2·a^-1, 79.4 and 21.3 kg K₂O·hm^-2·a^-1, respectively. 【Conclusion】Direct and burning straw return significantly increased the crops production potential and nutrient uptake by promoting nutrient cycling in the rice-rapeseed rotation system. The effect of stabilizing rice yield and increasing rapeseed yield was shown among the different crops in the rotation. The straw direct return was more favorable to increase crop yield and to maintain the nutrient balance of the farmland than the straw burning return. Therefore, it was recommended to promote the direct straw return approach in the process of farmland production in order to fully utilize its advantages of yield enhancement, stabilization, and nutrient balancing, and to promote the sustainable development of the rice-oil rotation system.

Key words: rice-rapeseed rotation, straw return method, yield, nutrient uptake, nutrient apparent balance

XIONG ZhiHao, LIU JunQuan, YE Lin, ZHU DanDan, HOU SuSu, FANG YaTing, CONG RiHuan, REN Tao, LI XiaoKun, LU JianWei. Characterization of Crop Yield and Nutrient Apparent Balance Between Direct and Burning Straw Return in Rice-Rapeseed Rotation System[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(16): 3293-3303.

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秸秆 Straw	干物质量 Dry matter (g)		N (g)		P₂O₅(g)		K₂O (g)		损失率 Loss ratio (%)
秸秆 Straw	焚烧前 Before burning	焚烧后 After burning	焚烧前 Before burning	焚烧后 After burning	焚烧前 Before burning	焚烧后 After burning	焚烧前 Before burning	焚烧后 After burning	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
水稻 Rice	100.56	14.11	0.968	0.079	0.689	0.403	3.438	3.123	91.4	35.9	10.3
油菜 Rapeseed	100.47	5.63	0.600	0.024	0.075	0.031	1.775	1.499	96.5	8.7	15.5

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	水稻 Rice			油菜 Rapeseed
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单株有效穗数 Panicles (No. /plant)	每穗实粒数 Spikelets (No./panicle)	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)	单株角果数 Pods (No./plant)	每角粒数 Seeds (No./Pod)	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)
2022/2023	NPK	9.6b	150.9a	24.13a	297.1b	22.0a	4.10a
	NPK+Sb	9.2b	145.2a	24.04a	355.1a	21.8a	3.89a
	NPK+St	10.6a	141.4a	23.74a	367.7a	22.4a	3.92a
2023/2024	NPK	9.8b	161.6a	21.40a	283.8c	19.3a	4.47a
	NPK+Sb	10.4ab	182.9a	22.60a	338.4b	16.3b	4.69a
	NPK+St	12.4a	168.0a	22.80a	367.7a	19.4a	4.44a
ANONA
S		4.3*	1.0ns	1.5ns	4.3*	3.7ns	0.3ns
Y		1.6ns	18.8**	37.2***	1.7ns	38.6***	15.7**
S×Y		0.3ns	1.9ns	3.4ns	0.3ns	2.1ns	0.8ns

养分类型 Nutrient type	处理 Treatment	水稻 Rice					油菜 Rapeseed					周年轮作表观平衡 Annual rotation apparent balance
		养分输入 Nutrient input		养分输出 Nutrient output		表观平衡 Apparent balance	养分输入 Nutrient input		养分输出 Nutrient output		表观平衡 Apparent balance
		肥料 CF	秸秆/草木灰 Straw/Straw ash	秸秆 Straw	籽粒 Seed	表观平衡 Apparent balance	肥料 CF	秸秆/草木灰 Straw/Straw ash	秸秆 Straw	籽粒 Seed	表观平衡 Apparent balance
N	NPK	1650	0	413	845	392	1800	0	363	816	621	1013
	NPK+Sb	1650	13	408	839	416	1800	35	376	864	595	1011
	NPK+St	1650	412	487	881	694	1800	487	411	909	967	1661
P₂O₅	NPK	600	0	357	474	-231	600	0	147	311	142	-89
	NPK+Sb	600	152	344	538	-130	600	220	156	344	320	190
	NPK+St	600	192	334	524	-66	600	334	183	355	396	330
K₂O	NPK	750	0	2150	378	-1778	750	0	1671	267	-1188	-2966
	NPK+Sb	750	2002	2539	369	-156	750	2277	2343	315	369	213
	NPK+St	750	2842	2966	407	219	750	2966	2838	303	575	794

Characterization of Crop Yield and Nutrient Apparent Balance Between Direct and Burning Straw Return in Rice-Rapeseed Rotation System

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