抗逆广适小麦品种共性特征分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.11.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to provide simple detection indicators for the screening of stress resistant and widely adapted cultivars under the background of frequent meteorological disasters in the North HuangHuaiHai Plain, through to screen drought resistant, heat-resistant and cold resistant winter wheat cultivars, and to clarify the yield composition, plant type structure and physiological characteristics of stress resistant and widely suitable cultivars.【Method】A field and a greenhouse experiments (experiment 1 and experiment 2, respectively) were carried out in Gaocheng of Hebei province from Autumn 2017 to Summer 2020, and using 16 winter wheat cultivars as experimental material. For experiment 1, three treatments were set up, i.e., 0 irrigation, 1 irrigation (jointing) and 2 irrigation (jointing and flowering). For experiment 2, two treatments were set up at the late stage of filling, i.e., normal temperature treatment (CK) and warming temperature treatment. At the same time, the cold resistance test was conducted using the natural low temperature in the spring of 2018 and 2020. The stress resistance evaluation index, yield formation index, plant type structure index and leaf physiological index were determined.【Result】Five winter wheat cultivars were screened out by comprehensively considering yield, drought resistance index, yield heat sensitivity index and grade of freeze injury, and these cultivars included Jimai 23, Shannong 30, Jimai 325, Jimai 22 and Pinyu 8012. These cultivars had strong drought, heat and cold resistance, and had high and stable yield. By analyzing the correlation between yield and yield formation index, plant type index and leaf physiological index, it was found that 1000-grain weight, harvest index and biomass production were positively correlated with yield; the width of flag leaf, stem diameter and spike length were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with yield, while angle of stem and flag leaf was significantly negatively correlated with yield; relative chlorophyll value (SPAD value) and relative water content of flag leaf were positively correlated with yield, and the canopy temperature was negatively correlated with yield. Compared with other cultivars, the 1000-grain weight, harvest index and biomass production of the stress resistant cultivars increased by 12.9%, 5.2% and 3.4%, respectively. For stress resistant wheat cultivars, the width of flag leaf, angle of stem and flag leaf, diameter of basal stem, ear length and plant height were (16.2 ± 0.4) mm, (18.2 ± 3.2)°, (4.0 ± 0.3) mm, (7.5 ± 0.14) cm and (80.3 ± 1.3) cm, respectively. Compared with other cultivars, the SPAD value and relative water content in flag leaves of these five cultivars increased by 9.8% and 4.2% respectively, and the canopy temperature decreased by 1.9 ℃ at the late stage of filling.【Conclusion】The optimized plant type of the stress resistant wheat cultivars, namely “compact in the upper part and flat in the lower part”, was defined. The quantitative indexes were put forward, including width of flag leaf, angle of stem and flag leaf, diameter of basal stem and ear length; the physiological characteristics were put forward, including higher leaf SPAD value and relative water content of flag, and lower canopy temperature; the yield characteristics were identified, including higher 1000-grain weight, harvest index and biomass production.

Key words: winter wheat, cultivar selection, plant type characteristics, physiological characteristics, characteristics of yield components

LÜ LiHua, HAN JiangWei, ZHANG JingTing, DONG ZhiQiang, MENG Jian, JIA XiuLing. Analysis of Common Characteristics of Widely Adaptation Wheat Cultivars[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(11): 2064-2077.

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Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

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Table 1

Analysis of stress resistance of different winter wheat cultivars"

品种 Cultivars	产量Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)					抗旱指数 DRI	产量热感指数 YHSI	冻害级别 GFI	平均WUE Average WUE (kg·m^-3)
品种 Cultivars	0水 0 irrigation	1水 1 irrigation	2水 2 irrigation	增温 Warming	平均 Average	抗旱指数 DRI	产量热感指数 YHSI	冻害级别 GFI	平均WUE Average WUE (kg·m^-3)
2017-2018
H4444	7909.7ab	7946.2c	8624.9ab	6144.5d	7656.3	1.03ab	2.01a	2	2.16a
JM22	7873.7ab	8456.2ab	8816.5a	7692.6ab	8209.8	1.00b	0.80f	1	2.22a
JM23	8188.4a	8739.2a	8932.2a	7990.1a	8462.5	1.07a	0.76g	2	2.28a
JM325	7965.4ab	8413.1ab	8967.9a	7990.8a	8334.3	1.02ab	0.44i	2	2.23a
KN2009	7561.3c	7700.3cd	8387.5b	7582.8b	7808.0	1.01b	0.14j	3	2.10ab
PY8012	8091.3a	8197.6b	8931.0a	7492.8b	8178.2	1.04ab	0.76g	1-2	2.22a
SN28	8047.6a	8712.8a	8579.7ab	7367.0b	8176.8	1.07a	1.37c	1-2	2.23a
SN30	8140.4a	8681.3a	8565.1ab	7961.3a	8337.0	1.10a	0.73g	2	2.24a
SL02-1	7631.1c	8211.5b	8294.4b	7023.8c	7790.2	1.00b	1.28d	2-3	2.13ab
SM22	8143.6a	8667.0a	8710.2ab	7436.7b	8239.3	1.08a	1.26d	2	2.25a
SM1718	6935.0d	7215.8e	7926.9c	6670.0c	7186.9	0.86d	0.67h	3	1.95d
YN1212	7954.7ab	8181.8b	8483.3b	7055.7bc	7918.9	1.06a	1.22de	2	2.17a
ZM36	7488.6c	7606.1cd	7915.9c	4933.6e	6986.0	1.01b	0.93e	2	2.02c
ZXM9	7855.0ab	8030.5c	9016.0a	6591.1c	7873.1	0.97c	1.59b	2	2.19a
平均Average	7841.8	8197.1	8582.3	7138.1	7939.8	-	-	-	-
2018-2019
H4444	8828.3a	8689.0b	9494.5c	6267.8c	8319.9	1.42a	1.19c	2-3	2.21a
JM22	7690.7c	8618.0b	10210.2ab	6741.0b	8315.0	1.00e	0.93e	1	2.13b
JM23	8340.5ab	9099.2a	10208.3ab	7118.1a	8691.5	1.18c	0.93e	2	2.23a
JM325	8795.1a	8413.9b	9769.6abc	6538.3b	8379.2	1.37ab	0.95e	2	2.20a
KN2009	7289.2d	7296.4e	9255.1cd	5298.7e	7284.8	0.99e	1.17c	3	1.92c
PY8012	7895.0c	8272.9bc	10048.7ab	6490.5b	8176.5	1.07d	0.88f	1-2	2.17ab
SN28	8675.2a	9308.4a	9645.9c	6257.8c	8471.8	1.35ab	1.40b	1-2	2.25a
SN30	8907.5a	8964.4a	10514.4a	7286.8a	8918.3	1.30ab	0.80f	2	2.30a
SL02-1	7613.7c	7746.3d	8305.0e	5670.9d	7334.0	1.20c	1.15c	3	1.93c
SM22	8465.8ab	8850.7ab	9667.8c	6202.9c	8296.8	1.28ab	1.28bc	2	2.22a
SM1718	7308.3d	7270.7e	8984.4d	5921.5cd	7371.2	1.03de	0.79f	3	1.91c
YN1212	8114.8b	8159.9bc	9823.7abc	5239.8e	7834.5	1.16c	1.53a	2	2.11b
ZM36	-	7763.1d	9472.4c	6528.3b	7921.5	-	0.68g	2	2.13b
ZXM9	7815.3c	8503.4b	9929.3ab	6832.7ab	8270.2	1.06d	0.84f	2	2.12b
GY5218	7449.7d	7353.6e	9327.2cd	6092.1c	7555.7	1.03de	0.73g	2	1.95c
JM418	8248.1b	8241.8bc	9684.4c	7013.3a	8296.9	1.21c	0.64g	2-3	2.12b
平均Average	8095.8	8284.5	9646.3	6343.8	8089.9	-	-	-	-

Table 1

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 2

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

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指标 Index	旗叶 Flag leaf	倒2叶 Top second leaf	倒3叶 Top third leaf	倒4叶 Top fourth leaf	倒5叶 Top fifth leaf	单株 Per plant
叶长Leaf length	-0.388	-0.428	-0.319	-0.448	-0.329	-0.429
叶宽Leaf width	0.472*	0.623**	0.471*	0.441	0.507*	0.542*
叶面积Leaf area	0.056	0.148	0.148	0.045	0.186	0.122
茎叶夹角Angle of stem and leaf	-0.517*	-0.126	0.075	0.172	0.446	-
茎粗Stem diameter	-	-	-	-	-	0.473*
株高 Plant height	-	-	-	-	-	0.375
穗长Spike length	-	-	-	-	-	0.644**
茎长Stem length	0.039	-0.195	0.138	0.174	-0.082	0.047

Analysis of Common Characteristics of Widely Adaptation Wheat Cultivars

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