Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (11): 2064-2077.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.11.003

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis of Common Characteristics of Widely Adaptation Wheat Cultivars

LÜ LiHua1(), HAN JiangWei2(), ZHANG JingTing1, DONG ZhiQiang1, MENG Jian3, JIA XiuLing1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050035
    2 Shijiazhuang Seed Management Station, Shijiazhuang 050000
    3 Hebei Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Shijiazhuang 050000
  • Received:2022-08-24 Accepted:2022-10-13 Online:2023-06-01 Published:2023-06-19

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to provide simple detection indicators for the screening of stress resistant and widely adapted cultivars under the background of frequent meteorological disasters in the North HuangHuaiHai Plain, through to screen drought resistant, heat-resistant and cold resistant winter wheat cultivars, and to clarify the yield composition, plant type structure and physiological characteristics of stress resistant and widely suitable cultivars.【Method】A field and a greenhouse experiments (experiment 1 and experiment 2, respectively) were carried out in Gaocheng of Hebei province from Autumn 2017 to Summer 2020, and using 16 winter wheat cultivars as experimental material. For experiment 1, three treatments were set up, i.e., 0 irrigation, 1 irrigation (jointing) and 2 irrigation (jointing and flowering). For experiment 2, two treatments were set up at the late stage of filling, i.e., normal temperature treatment (CK) and warming temperature treatment. At the same time, the cold resistance test was conducted using the natural low temperature in the spring of 2018 and 2020. The stress resistance evaluation index, yield formation index, plant type structure index and leaf physiological index were determined.【Result】Five winter wheat cultivars were screened out by comprehensively considering yield, drought resistance index, yield heat sensitivity index and grade of freeze injury, and these cultivars included Jimai 23, Shannong 30, Jimai 325, Jimai 22 and Pinyu 8012. These cultivars had strong drought, heat and cold resistance, and had high and stable yield. By analyzing the correlation between yield and yield formation index, plant type index and leaf physiological index, it was found that 1000-grain weight, harvest index and biomass production were positively correlated with yield; the width of flag leaf, stem diameter and spike length were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with yield, while angle of stem and flag leaf was significantly negatively correlated with yield; relative chlorophyll value (SPAD value) and relative water content of flag leaf were positively correlated with yield, and the canopy temperature was negatively correlated with yield. Compared with other cultivars, the 1000-grain weight, harvest index and biomass production of the stress resistant cultivars increased by 12.9%, 5.2% and 3.4%, respectively. For stress resistant wheat cultivars, the width of flag leaf, angle of stem and flag leaf, diameter of basal stem, ear length and plant height were (16.2 ± 0.4) mm, (18.2 ± 3.2)°, (4.0 ± 0.3) mm, (7.5 ± 0.14) cm and (80.3 ± 1.3) cm, respectively. Compared with other cultivars, the SPAD value and relative water content in flag leaves of these five cultivars increased by 9.8% and 4.2% respectively, and the canopy temperature decreased by 1.9 ℃ at the late stage of filling.【Conclusion】The optimized plant type of the stress resistant wheat cultivars, namely “compact in the upper part and flat in the lower part”, was defined. The quantitative indexes were put forward, including width of flag leaf, angle of stem and flag leaf, diameter of basal stem and ear length; the physiological characteristics were put forward, including higher leaf SPAD value and relative water content of flag, and lower canopy temperature; the yield characteristics were identified, including higher 1000-grain weight, harvest index and biomass production.

Key words: winter wheat, cultivar selection, plant type characteristics, physiological characteristics, characteristics of yield components

Fig. 1

Temperature and humidity inside and outside the greenhouse under field conditions"

Fig. 2

Minimum temperature in the early April 2018 and late April 2020"

Fig. 3

Distribution of precipitation in winter wheat season"

Table 1

Analysis of stress resistance of different winter wheat cultivars"

品种
Cultivars		 产量Grain yield (kg·hm-2) 抗旱指数
DRI		 产量热感指数
YHSI		 冻害级别
GFI		 平均WUE
Average WUE
(kg·m-3)
0水
0 irrigation		 1水
1 irrigation		 2水
2 irrigation		 增温
Warming		 平均
Average
2017-2018
H4444 7909.7ab 7946.2c 8624.9ab 6144.5d 7656.3 1.03ab 2.01a 2 2.16a
JM22 7873.7ab 8456.2ab 8816.5a 7692.6ab 8209.8 1.00b 0.80f 1 2.22a
JM23 8188.4a 8739.2a 8932.2a 7990.1a 8462.5 1.07a 0.76g 2 2.28a
JM325 7965.4ab 8413.1ab 8967.9a 7990.8a 8334.3 1.02ab 0.44i 2 2.23a
KN2009 7561.3c 7700.3cd 8387.5b 7582.8b 7808.0 1.01b 0.14j 3 2.10ab
PY8012 8091.3a 8197.6b 8931.0a 7492.8b 8178.2 1.04ab 0.76g 1-2 2.22a
SN28 8047.6a 8712.8a 8579.7ab 7367.0b 8176.8 1.07a 1.37c 1-2 2.23a
SN30 8140.4a 8681.3a 8565.1ab 7961.3a 8337.0 1.10a 0.73g 2 2.24a
SL02-1 7631.1c 8211.5b 8294.4b 7023.8c 7790.2 1.00b 1.28d 2-3 2.13ab
SM22 8143.6a 8667.0a 8710.2ab 7436.7b 8239.3 1.08a 1.26d 2 2.25a
SM1718 6935.0d 7215.8e 7926.9c 6670.0c 7186.9 0.86d 0.67h 3 1.95d
YN1212 7954.7ab 8181.8b 8483.3b 7055.7bc 7918.9 1.06a 1.22de 2 2.17a
ZM36 7488.6c 7606.1cd 7915.9c 4933.6e 6986.0 1.01b 0.93e 2 2.02c
ZXM9 7855.0ab 8030.5c 9016.0a 6591.1c 7873.1 0.97c 1.59b 2 2.19a
平均Average 7841.8 8197.1 8582.3 7138.1 7939.8 - - - -
2018-2019
H4444 8828.3a 8689.0b 9494.5c 6267.8c 8319.9 1.42a 1.19c 2-3 2.21a
JM22 7690.7c 8618.0b 10210.2ab 6741.0b 8315.0 1.00e 0.93e 1 2.13b
JM23 8340.5ab 9099.2a 10208.3ab 7118.1a 8691.5 1.18c 0.93e 2 2.23a
JM325 8795.1a 8413.9b 9769.6abc 6538.3b 8379.2 1.37ab 0.95e 2 2.20a
KN2009 7289.2d 7296.4e 9255.1cd 5298.7e 7284.8 0.99e 1.17c 3 1.92c
PY8012 7895.0c 8272.9bc 10048.7ab 6490.5b 8176.5 1.07d 0.88f 1-2 2.17ab
SN28 8675.2a 9308.4a 9645.9c 6257.8c 8471.8 1.35ab 1.40b 1-2 2.25a
SN30 8907.5a 8964.4a 10514.4a 7286.8a 8918.3 1.30ab 0.80f 2 2.30a
SL02-1 7613.7c 7746.3d 8305.0e 5670.9d 7334.0 1.20c 1.15c 3 1.93c
SM22 8465.8ab 8850.7ab 9667.8c 6202.9c 8296.8 1.28ab 1.28bc 2 2.22a
SM1718 7308.3d 7270.7e 8984.4d 5921.5cd 7371.2 1.03de 0.79f 3 1.91c
YN1212 8114.8b 8159.9bc 9823.7abc 5239.8e 7834.5 1.16c 1.53a 2 2.11b
ZM36 - 7763.1d 9472.4c 6528.3b 7921.5 - 0.68g 2 2.13b
ZXM9 7815.3c 8503.4b 9929.3ab 6832.7ab 8270.2 1.06d 0.84f 2 2.12b
GY5218 7449.7d 7353.6e 9327.2cd 6092.1c 7555.7 1.03de 0.73g 2 1.95c
JM418 8248.1b 8241.8bc 9684.4c 7013.3a 8296.9 1.21c 0.64g 2-3 2.12b
平均Average 8095.8 8284.5 9646.3 6343.8 8089.9 - - - -

Fig. 4

Correlation between yield and yield components"

Fig. 5

Yield components characteristics of test cultivars Different letters in the figure mean significant differences among different cultivars (P<0.05). The same as below"

Table 2

Correlation between plant type structure index and yield"

指标
Index		 旗叶
Flag leaf		 倒2叶
Top second leaf		 倒3叶
Top third leaf		 倒4叶
Top fourth leaf		 倒5叶
Top fifth leaf		 单株
Per plant
叶长Leaf length -0.388 -0.428 -0.319 -0.448 -0.329 -0.429
叶宽Leaf width 0.472* 0.623** 0.471* 0.441 0.507* 0.542*
叶面积Leaf area 0.056 0.148 0.148 0.045 0.186 0.122
茎叶夹角Angle of stem and leaf -0.517* -0.126 0.075 0.172 0.446 -
茎粗Stem diameter - - - - - 0.473*
株高 Plant height - - - - - 0.375
穗长Spike length - - - - - 0.644**
茎长Stem length 0.039 -0.195 0.138 0.174 -0.082 0.047

Fig. 6

Characteristics of plant type structure of test cultivars"

Fig. 7

Correlation between yield and physiological indexes"

Fig. 8

SPAD value, relative water content, and canopy temperature of test cultivars"

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