Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (14): 2786-2796.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.14.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Characteristics of Ammonia Volatilization of Humic Acid-Urea Complex Combined with Urea from Different Fertilized Soils

JING JianYuan(),YUAN Liang,ZHANG ShuiQin,LI YanTing,ZHAO BingQiang()   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2021-05-19 Accepted:2021-08-22 Online:2022-07-16 Published:2022-07-26
  • Contact: BingQiang ZHAO E-mail:jyjing90@163.com;zhaobingqiang@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The application of humic acid enhanced urea (HAU) can effectively reduce ammonia volatilization, and the humic acid in HAU, named UHA, plays a great role in this process. However, due to the reaction between humic acid and urea, the effect of UHA combined with urea on soil ammonia volatilization may be different from that of conventional humic acid (HA). Therefore, the relevant research will help to further reveal the mechanism of HAU reducing ammonia volatilization from soil. 【Method】In this study, UHA was extracted by absolute ethanol from HAU. Through indoor constant temperature soil incubation, the effects of HA or UHA combined with urea on soil ammonia volatilization from long-term unfertilized soil or fertilized soil were studied. The dosage of HA or UHA was 0.5% and 5% of the amount of urea, code named 0.5HA+U, 5HA+U, 0.5UHA+U, and 5UHA+U, respectively. At the same time, the treatments with urea (U) and without humic acid and urea (CK) were conducted. Soil ammonia fluxes and volatilization, soil urea-N, nitrate, and ammonium content, and soil urease activity were measured simultaneously. 【Result】(1) The ammonia volatilization from long-term fertilized soil for nitrogen fertilization treatments was higher than that from long-term unfertilized soil, which might be related to the decrease of soil pH, the weakening of soil nitrification process and the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen from urea hydrolysis caused by long-term fertilization. (2) Both HA and UHA combined with urea could effectively reduce soil ammonia volatilization, compared with U treatment, but the extent of the reduction depended on whether the soil was fertilized for a long time and the amounts of HA or UHA: urea combined with HA could significantly reduce soil ammonia volatilization for long-term unfertilized soil (P<0.05), and the ammonia volatilization of 0.5HA+U and 5HA+U was 4.4% and 22.9% lower than that under U treatment, respectively. However, the soil ammonia volatilization decreased by only 4.1%-7.5% under the treatment of HA combined with urea, which was not significantly different from that under the treatment of U, when the soil was long-term fertilization. However, urea combined with 0.5%UHA could significantly reduce soil ammonia volatilization (P<0.05) for long-term unfertilized and fertilized soil by 26.5% and 12.9%, respectively. (3) Urea combined with HA or UHA could effectively inhibit urease activity and promote soil nitrification process, respectively, thereby reduced soil ammonia volatilization. 【Conclusion】In summary, compared with HA, UHA combined with urea showed better performance on inhibiting ammonia volatilization under soil incubation, and the effect was independent of whether the soil was fertilized for a long time.

Key words: humic acid enhanced urea, humic acid, humic acid-urea complex, ammonia volatilization, fertilized soil

Table 1

Basic physicochemical properties of experimental soil"

有机质
Organic matter (g·kg-1)		 微生物量碳
MBC
(mg·kg-1)		 NH4+-N (mg·kg-1) NO3--N
(mg·kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg·kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg·kg-1)		 pH
长期不施肥土壤
Long-term unfertilized soil		 4.05 145.29 1.02 1.35 5.87 79.74 8.02
长期施肥土壤
Long-term fertilized soil		 6.56 160.71 1.77 21.50 10.53 116.04 7.18

Fig. 1

The effects of HA or UHA combined with urea on soil ammonia flues and ammonia volatilization for long-term unfertilized soil"

Table 2

Effects of HA or UHA combined with urea on soil ammonia volatilization (mg N·m-2) at different stages"

处理
Treatment		 不施肥土壤Unfertilized soil 施肥土壤Fertilized soil
第7天 7th day 第28天 28th day 第7天 7th day 第28天 28th day
CK 121.69±6.90 e 234.23±20.47 e 74.89±1.49 c 195.54±11.75 c
U 812.86±21.57 a 925.55±17.25 a 910.17±30.52 a 1044.43±38.57 a
0.5HA+U 782.42±6.65 a 884.94±5.77 b 837.42±73.68 ab 1001.69±114.03 ab
0.5UHA+U 569.78±32.10 d 680.63±37.68 d 768.70±26.05 b 909.60±28.35 b
5HA+U 611.65±7.49 c 713.76±13.23 d 832.11±86.57 ab 965.97±100.99 ab
5UHA+U 694.12±20.46 b 797.62±18.96 c 858.96±67.15 ab 1038.56±74.87 a

Fig. 2

The effects of HA or UHA combined with urea on soil ammonia flues and ammonia volatilization for long-term fertilized soil"

Table 3

Effects of the amount and type of materials and soil management method on ammonia volatilization when urea combined with HA or UHA (mg N·m-2)"

来源
Source		 F值
F value		 Pr>F 来源
Source		 F值
F value		 Pr>F
材料用量Amount of materials 0.72 0.42 Type of soil × Amounts of materials 10.24 <0.05
材料类型Type of materials 3.65 0.13 Type of materials × Amounts of materials 96.60 <0.01
土壤种类Type of soil 25.04 <0.05 Type of soil ×Type of materials 1.90 0.24
土壤种类
Type of soil		 AE
（n=12）		 用量
Amount		 AE
（n=12）		 类型
Type		 AE
（n=12）
长期不施肥土壤Long-term unfertilized soil 769.23 b 0.5% 869.21 a HA 891.59 a
长期施肥土壤Long-term fertilized soil 978.95 a 5.0% 878.98 a UHA 856.60 a

Fig. 3

The effects of HA or UHA combined with urea on soil urea-N at early stage"

Fig. 4

The effects of HA or UHA combined with urea on soil NH4+-N and NO3--N content for long-term unfertilized soil"

Fig. 5

The effects of HA or UHA applied with urea on soil NH4+-N and NO3--N content for long-term fertilized soil"

Fig. 6

The effects of HA or UHA combined with urea on soil urease activity"

Table 4

Correlation between soil ammonia fluxes and soil NH4+-N, NO3--N contents and soil urease activity"

铵态氮NH4+-N（n=60） 硝态氮NO3-（n=60） 脲酶Urease（n=30）
长期不施肥土壤 Long-term unfertilized soil 0.80 ** -0.45 ** 0.59**
长期施肥土壤 Long-term fertilized soil 0.85 ** -0.23 -0.23
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