黄淮海平原地区深松和灌水次数对冬小麦- 夏玉米节水增产的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.03.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of interactions between subsoiling and irrigation frequency on crop yield and water productivity of winter wheat and summer maize were investigated to optimize tillage practices in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.【Method】 Considering different tillage methods and irrigation times, a field experiment was carried out with five treatments, including autumn subsoiling with two irrigation applications during winter wheat growth period (QS-2), autumn subsoiling with three irrigations applications during winter wheat growth period (QS-3), summer subsoiling with two irrigations applications during winter wheat growth period (XS-2), summer subsoiling with three irrigations applications during winter wheat growth period (XS-3) and control (CK). The effects of subsoiling and irrigation times on soil physical properties, plant growth and development, yield, total output, and water productivity of winter wheat and summer maize were investigated. 【Result】 Subsoiling and irrigation times had significant impacts on soil bulk density, soil compaction, soil water storage, total output and water productivity. After subsoiling, the bulk density decreased significantly in topsoil 40 cm at the first year and in topsoil 20 cm at the second year under all QS-2, XS-2 and XS-3 treatments, compared with CK treatment. The decline of soil compaction was remarkable in the first year, but inapparent in the second year. After autumn subsoiling, the average soil water storage of QS-2 treatment increased by 18.14% compared with CK, and the QS-3 treatment was the second. While, in the second year after summer subsoiling, the XS-2 and XS-3 treatments were significantly higher than CK by 24.7% and 25.6%, respectively. Compared with CK treatment, aboveground biomass of winter wheat increased by 19.29% for QS-2 and 27.06% for QS-3 treatment, respectively, for the first year, while there was slight increase for the second year. This indicated that the improvement of winter wheat growth and development by autumn subsoiling was pronounced in the first year but weak in the second year. However, the leaf area index and aboveground biomass of XS-2 and XS-3 treatments were increased significantly, and this demonstrated that summer subsoiling could improve the winter wheat growth and development in the second year. The total output and water productivity of winter wheat and summer maize rotation for QS-2 treatment were improved by 27.21% and 23.51% in the first year, respectively, and 19.54% and 18.84% in the second year, respectively, meanwhile, there were significant improvement for XS-2 and XS-3 treatment in the second year. The increase of total output and water productivity were 18.50% and 17.65% for XS-2, respectively, and 19.57% and 15.35% for XS-3 treatment, respectively.【Conclusion】 It was concluded that autumn subsoiling before winter wheat seeding could facilitate the reduction of soil bulk density and compaction, increase of soil storage capacity, and improvement of total output and water productivity of winter wheat and summer maize rotation in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. It was suggestion that the appropriate tillage practice in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was autumn subsoiling with two irrigation applications during winter wheat growth stage.

Key words: subsoiling, irrigation frequency, crop yield, water productivity, water saving and yield increasing effects, winter wheat, summer maize

QIANG XiaoMan,ZHANG Kai,MI ZhaoRong,LIU ZhanDong,WANG WanNing,SUN JingSheng. Effects of Subsoiling and Irrigation Frequency on Water Saving and Yield Increasing of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(3): 491-502.

Figures/Tables 8

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Table 3

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年份 Year	处理 Treatments	土层 Soil layer
年份 Year	处理 Treatments	0-10 cm	10-20 cm	20-30 cm	30-40 cm	40-50 cm
2016	QS-2	1.35b	1.38b	1.39b	1.42b	1.47a
	QS-3	1.38ab	1.42a	1.48a	1.48a	1.52a
	XS-2	1.36b	1.37b	1.38b	1.39b	1.48a
	XS-3	1.35b	1.38b	1.39b	1.45ab	1.53a
	CK	1.42a	1.45a	1.48a	1.50a	1.53a
2017	QS-2	1.39b	1.40b	1.43a	1.48a	1.49a
	QS-3	1.43a	1.45a	1.49a	1.50a	1.51a
	XS-2	1.39b	1.41b	1.46a	1.47a	1.47a
	XS-3	1.40b	1.41b	1.48a	1.51a	1.54a
	CK	1.45a	1.46a	1.49a	1.52a	1.55a

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	土层 Soil layer
年份 Year	处理 Treatments	0-10 cm	10-20 cm	20-30 cm	30-40 cm	40-50 cm
2016	QS-2	395b	736b	1007b	1151b	1558a
	QS-3	320b	712b	1142b	1249b	1499a
	XS-2	286b	556b	925b	1207b	1425a
	XS-3	256b	655b	1012b	1195b	1529a
	CK	680a	1137a	1521a	1651a	1789a
2017	QS-2	625a	1236a	1386a	1593a	1669a
	QS-3	620a	1112a	1258a	1469a	1578a
	XS-2	559a	1189a	1406a	1520a	1702a
	XS-3	656a	1055a	1456a	1402a	1689a
	CK	696a	1337a	1620a	1689a	1896a

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²/plant)	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (t·hm^-2)
2016	QS-2	64.74a	43.03a	17.81a
	QS-3	72.46a	50.05a	18.97a
	XS-2	53.98b	35.65ab	16.52b
	XS-3	60.87b	39.49a	16.91b
	CK	56.67b	31.73b	14.93b
2017	QS-2	71.58a	48.10a	18.05b
	QS-3	72.29a	52.68a	18.18b
	XS-2	78.69a	53.26a	19.02a
	XS-3	75.29a	56.67a	19.98a
	CK	63.82a	39.64b	15.69b

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²/plant)	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (t·hm^-2)
2016	QS-2	289.56ab	7608.12a	14.77a
	QS-3	279.68ab	7518.67a	15.02a
	XS-2	269.04b	7896.88a	16.43a
	XS-3	298.61a	7989.61a	16.9a
	CK	258.47b	6377.21b	12.68b
2017	QS-2	277.62b	6966.21b	16.98b
	QS-3	289.36a	7236.98ab	17.69b
	XS-2	288.99a	7889.85a	19.68a
	XS-3	291.58a	7952.58a	20.56a
	CK	269.85b	6789.22b	15.69b

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	冬小麦产量 Winter wheat yield (kg·hm^-2)	夏玉米产量 Summer maize yield (kg·hm^-2)	总耗水量 Water consumption (mm)	总产出值 Output (yuan/hm²)	水分生产效率 Water productivity (yuan/m³)
2016	QS-2	11310a	10897a	829.14	42317.20a	5.10a
	QS-3	12006a	10006a	859.28	42422.80a	4.94a
	XS-2	8690b	12620a	830.70	39310.00a	4.73b
	XS-3	9025b	12089a	821.56	39197.40a	4.77b
	CK	8190b	9530b	805.04	33266.00b	4.13c
2017	QS-2	10599a	10803a	820.23	40602.60a	4.95a
	QS-3	9928ab	10578a	850.27	38766.40ab	4.56b
	XS-2	11011a	10015a	821.30	40248.20a	4.90a
	XS-3	10285a	11240a	845.25	40611.00a	4.80a
	CK	8394b	9586b	815.40	33964.40b	4.17b

Effects of Subsoiling and Irrigation Frequency on Water Saving and Yield Increasing of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

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