Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (23): 4459-4469.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.23.006

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of Adjuvant on Conductivity and Deposition of Electrochargeable Liquid

REN LiRui(),CHEN FuLiang(),YIN MingMing()   

  1. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crop, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2018-06-13 Accepted:2018-07-20 Online:2018-12-01 Published:2018-12-12

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to optimize formula and research the effects of different adjuvants on conductivity and deposition of the electrochargeable liquid and the internal relationship, and to provide scientific guidance for reducing the use of pesticides and achieving sustainable agricultural development.【Method】New environment-friendly solvents HDBE and NCC were used with dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and isophorone as cosolvents. The contents of cosolvents were set as 0, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% respectively, and the traditional solvent S200# was used as control. Qualified formulas were screened according to the technical index of electrochargeable liquid. The effect of the different contents of adjuvants on conductivity of abamectin and dinotefuran electrochargeable liquid was analyzed. At the same time, in order to study the effect of the different contents of adjuvants on the deposition on the front and back of cucumber and tomato leaves, explore the relationship of preparation conductivity and deposition and analyze electrostatic outflank effect. The area of target leaves was measured before pesticide application, and washed repeatedly with acetone after the treatment. The active ingredient on target leaves was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after process of filtration, rotary steaming and dilution to graduation with solvent.【Result】Six environment-friendly electrochargeable liquid formulas that meet the requirements of quality and technical specifications were screened. The conductivity of the formula was not a weighted mean of the individual component, but rather the final result of the interaction of the components. For the electrochargeable liquid prepared by the active components of pesticides with different polarity, the change of the species and contents of the adjuvant had the same effect trend on the conductivity and deposition. It had almost no effect on the overall conductivity of the preparation when the active ingredient was the non-polar pesticide abamectin, whereas it was significantly increased when the polar pesticide dinotefuran replaced abamectin. The conductivity of preparation was nearly 100 times higher than that of abamectin with the same adjuvant. When the solvent was HDBE, the conductivity was small, the conductivity and deposition of the preparation increased rapidly as the content of cosolvents increasing, and the difference was significant. When the solvent was NCC, because of its high conductivity, the conductivity and deposition of the preparation increased steadily as the content of cosolvent increasing, and the difference of conductivity among different formulas was reduced. When the dimethyl sulfoxide was cosolvent, the conductivity and deposition of electrochargeable liquid prepared with HDBE, NCC as solvent were significantly higher than that of the traditional solvent S200#, in which the conductivity was more than 5 times and the deposition amount was more than 1.5 times higher than that of the traditional solvent S200#. The deposition of electrochargeable liquid on the front and back of cucumber leaves was higher than that of tomato. It was found that the ratio of deposition on the front and back of the leaves was between 1.17 and 2.11.【Conclusion】The environment-friendly HDBE and NCC can replace S200# as excellent solvents for electrostatic spray. The species and content of adjuvants had a significant effect on the conductivity and deposition of electrochargeable liquid and the deposition can be significantly improved by increasing the conductivity of the preparation. The prepared electrostatic spray had an excellent electrostatic outflank effect.

Key words: electrochargeable liquid, adjuvant, conductivity, deposition, abamectin, dinotefuran

Table 1

The formulation of electrochargeable liquid"

配方 Formula 有效成分 Active ingredient 助溶剂 Cosolvent 溶剂 Solvent
1 阿维菌素 Abamectin 二甲亚砜 Dimethyl sulfoxide 多元醇混合酯HDBE
2 阿维菌素 Abamectin 异佛尔酮Isophorone 多元醇混合酯HDBE
3 阿维菌素 Abamectin 二甲亚砜Dimethyl sulfoxide 改性氨基乙醇酯NCC
4 呋虫胺Dinotefuran 二甲亚砜Dimethyl sulfoxide 多元醇混合酯HDBE
5 呋虫胺Dinotefuran N-甲基吡咯烷酮N-Methyl pyrrolidone 多元醇混合酯HDBE
6 呋虫胺Dinotefuran 二甲亚砜Dimethyl sulfoxide 改性氨基乙醇酯NCC
CK1 阿维菌素Abamectin 二甲亚砜Dimethyl sulfoxide S200#
CK2 呋虫胺Dinotefuran 二甲亚砜Dimethyl sulfoxide S200#

Table 2

The conductivity parameters of solvents and cosolvents"

电导率Conductivity (μs·cm-1)
HDBE NCC S200# 二甲亚砜
Dimethyl sulfoxide
N-甲基吡咯烷酮
N-Methyl pyrrolidone
异佛尔酮
Isophorone
0.10±0.002 0.45±0.005 0 1.23±0.012 1.22±0.07 0.25±0.004

Table 3

The conductivity parameters of electrochargeable liquid"

助溶剂质量分数
Mass fraction of cosolvent (%)
电导率Conductivity (μs·cm-1)
阿维菌素Abamectin 呋虫胺Dinotefuran
配方1
Formula 1
配方2
Formula 2
配方3
Formula 3
CK1 配方4
Formula 4
配方5
Formula 5
配方6
Formula 6
CK2
0 0.10±0.003e 0.11±0.002e 0.44±0.006c 0b 10.42±0.011e 10.41±0.014e 51.23±0.311b
3 0.23±0.011d 0.12±0.003d 0.50±0.008b 0b 14.23±0.062d 12.66±0.261d 59.03±0.732a
5 0.36 ±0.018c 0.13±0.004c 0.48±0.011b 0b 16.69±0.232c 14.58±0.224c 52.20±0.948ab
7 0.48±0.004b 0.15±0.005b 0.51±0.015b 0b 20.37±0.017b 19.80±0.013b 55.80±0.154ab
10 0.66±0.011a 0.16±0.002a 0.55±0.017a 0.10±0.010a 22.33±0.118a 20.27±0.219a 54.30±0.068ab 4.20±0.122

Table 4

Weighted mean of theoretical conductivity"

助溶剂质量分数
Mass fraction of cosolvent (%)
理论电导率 Theoretical conductivity (μs·cm-1)
阿维菌素Abamectin 呋虫胺Dinotefuran
配方1
Formula 1
配方2
Formula 2
配方3
Formula 3
配方4
Formula 4
配方5
Formula 5
配方6
Formula 6
0 0.10 0.10 0.45 10.42 10.42 51.21
3 0.13 0.11 0.47 10.45 10.45 51.24
5 0.16 0.12 0.49 10.47 10.47 51.25
7 0.18 0.12 0.50 10.50 10.49 51.27
10 0.21 0.12 0.53 10.53 10.52 51.29

Table 5

The deposition on the front of the target"

靶标
Target
助溶剂质量分数Mass fraction
of cosolvent
(%)
沉积量Deposition (μg·cm-2)
阿维菌素Abamectin 呋虫胺Dinotefuran
配方1
Formula 1
配方2
Formula 2
配方3
Formula 3
CK1 配方4
Formula 4
配方5
Formula 5
配方6
Formula 6
CK2
黄瓜Cucumber 0 2.12±0.11c 2.12±0.23c 6.80±0.10b 1.18±0.13 13.40±1.22c 13.40±1.24c 32.90±2.44ab
3 2.83±0.32c 2.74±0.11bc 7.26±0.52ab 20.48±0.41bc 17.01±0.83bc 30.10±0.36b
5 5.04±0.20bc 3.18±0.09bc 7.52±0.21ab 23.40±2.16b 20.86±4.52abc 39.15±3.56a
7 7.51±0.41ab 3.46±0.40b 7.93±0.60a 26.41±1.03b 26.21±1.24ab 33.00±1.10ab
10 8.76±0.33a 4.97±0.36a 7.43±0.30ab 4.86±0.31 31.58±0.67a 30.54±3.15a 39.35±1.66a 20.64±0.97
番茄
Tomato
0 1.77±0.31b 1.13±0.26c 6.30±0.34c 8.33±0.43c 8.33±0.43b 30.01±0.31c
3 2.65±0.22b 1.71±0.32c 6.76±0.65b 15.28±1.64bc 11.01±1.38b 31.46±0.69b
5 3.03±0.05b 2.78±0.48b 6.97±0.21a 16.12±0.60b 12.05±2.01b 33.54±0.47a
7 5.27±0.03a 3.88±0.22a 6.81±0.55a 20.25±1.28ab 22.45±1.40a 34.43±0.77a
10 5.86±0.11a 4.16±0.60a 6.46±0.30bc 24.77±1.09a 23.79±1.60a 34.45±1.21a

Table 6

The ratio of deposition on the front and back of the target"

靶标
Target
助溶剂质量分数
Mass fraction of cosolvent (%)
配方1
Formula 1
配方2
Formula 2
配方3
Formula 3
配方4
Formula 4
配方5
Formula 5
配方6
Formula 6
黄瓜
Cucumber
0 1.17b 1.27b 2.11a 1.48a 1.48a 1.81a
3 1.35a 1.36a 1.56b 1.50a 1.28b 1.62b
5 1.29a 1.33a 1.49b 1.41a 1.42a 1.65b
7 1.30a 1.22b 1.70b 1.30a 1.39a 1.69b
10 1.21a 1.21b 1.67b 1.46a 1.40a 1.63b
番茄
Tomato
0 1.69a 1.49ab 1.63ab 1.88ab 1.88a 1.67a
3 1.64ab 1.51ab 1.65ab 2.01a 1.85a 1.66a
5 1.63ab 1.54a 1.79a 1.76ab 1.67ab 1.64a
7 1.56b 1.42ab 1.67ab 1.84ab 1.61ab 1.59a
10 1.54b 1.39b 1.56b 1.65b 1.52b 1.41a

Fig. 1

The relationship between conductivity of preparation and deposition on the front of cucumber leaves"

Fig. 2

The relationship between conductivity of preparation and deposition on the front of tomato leaves"

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