不同果形葡萄果实维管束形态结构、分布特征及其水分运输功能差异

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.01.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aims to explore the impact of different fruit shapes on vascular bundle distribution and their relationship with water transport in grape fruits. It focused on the growth patterns, vascular bundle structure, and water transport functions in five grape varieties with distinct fruit shapes, providing a theoretical basis for managing different fruit-shaped grapes in production. 【Method】Under uniform cultivation and management, four-year-old plants of ‘Xiao Lajiao’ (curved fruit), ‘Sweet Sapphire’ (long-cylindrical fruit), ‘Muscat Hamburg’ (round fruit), ‘Shine Muscat’ (elliptical fruit), and hormone-treated ‘Shine Muscat’ (inverted-ovate fruit, treated with GA3+CPPU) were used as experimental materials. The morphology and spatial distribution of vascular bundles in fruits of contrasting shapes were examined using hand sectioning, paraffin sectioning, and dye-tracer techniques. Xylem vessel number and diameter were quantified using Image J, and hydraulic conductivity was calculated with Hagen-Poiseuille equation to assess the water-transport efficiency of fruit vascular bundle in different fruit shapes.【Result】Pronounced differences were observed in vascular bundle architecture among grape fruits of contrasting shapes. After entering the fruit, the pedicel bundles diverged into peripheral, central, and embryo (in seeded cultivars) systems. ‘Xiao Lajiao’ had the most primary peripheral vascular bundles, forming numerous branches towards the fruit apex, resulting in the highest vascular bundle density in the upper fruit. ‘Sweet Sapphire’ had abundant and highly dense peripheral vascular bundles in the fruit’s middle and lower parts. Hormone-treated ‘Shine Muscat’ showed significantly increased vascular bundle number and density, indicating that exogenous hormones promote peripheral vascular bundle distribution. In terms of vascular bundle structure and water transport, ‘Sweet Sapphire’ had the largest peripheral vascular bundle cross-sectional area, while ‘Xiao Lajiao’ had the largest central vascular bundle cross-sectional area. Long-shaped grape fruits exhibited larger vascular bundle vessel diameters, resulting in higher hydraulic conductivity. Hormone treatment increased the peripheral vascular bundle area and vessel diameter in ‘Shine Muscat’, enhancing water transport. The water transport rate peaked at the green-hard stage. ‘Xiao Lajiao’ had the highest rate at 16.67 cm·h^-1, while ‘Muscat Hamburg’ had the lowest at 5.67 cm·h^-1. During the veraison, when the water transport rate decreased, the maximum water transport rate of ‘Sweet Sapphire’ grapes was 4.34 cm·h^-1. At the mature stage, the rate declined further, but ‘Xiao Lajiao’ still maintained the highest rate at 0.69 cm·h^-1 due to its vascular bundle advantages. Hormone-treated ‘Shine Muscat’ showed improved water transport rates across all stages, highlighting the close relationship between water transport rate and vascular bundle area and vessel diameter.【Conclusion】The structure and distribution of vascular bundles in grape fruits with different shapes are different, which affects the water transport function of grape fruits.

Key words: grape, fruit shape, vascular bundle, water transport, hydraulic conductivity

FENG WeiQing, NI YuanQian, FEI Teng, LI YouMei, XIE ZhaoSen. Differences in Vascular Bundle Morphological Structure, Distribution, and Water Transport Function in Grape Fruits of Different Shapes[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(1): 161-178.

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	时期 Stage	小辣椒 Xiao Lajiao	甜蜜蓝宝石 Sapphire	玫瑰香 Muscat Hamburg	无激素处理阳光玫瑰 Hormone-free treated Shine Muscat	激素处理阳光玫瑰 Hormone-treated Shine Muscat
周缘维管束 Peripheral vascular bundle	硬核期Green-hard stage	10.94±0.04a	10.32±1.10a	3.95±0.35b	1.05±0.27c	1.51±0.02c
	转色期Veraison	7.04±1.46b	10.72±1.66a	4.78±0.32bc	1.28±0.10d	2.22±0.14cd
	成熟期Mature stage	9.59±0.47a	4.95±0.47b	5.70±0.70b	2.72±0.34c	2.93±0.10c
中央维管束 Central vascular bundle	硬核期Green-hard stage	18.04±0.82a	13.55±1.42b	10.71±0.23c	5.98±0.81d	5.02±0.34d
	转色期Veraison	11.08±0.22a	8.36±0.83b	10.24±0.16a	7.05±0.80bc	5.94±0.26c
	成熟期Mature stage	15.36±1.69a	10.09±0.32b	6.93±0.67c	7.45±0.02c	8.28±0.97bc

Differences in Vascular Bundle Morphological Structure, Distribution, and Water Transport Function in Grape Fruits of Different Shapes

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