Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (20): 3972-3984.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.20.015

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The Impacts of CH4 and N2O Net Emission Under One-Off Fertilization of Rape-Paddy Replanting System

Chi XU(), HaiKuan XIE, WuHan DING, Zhen DAI, Jing ZHANG, LiGang WANG, Hu LI()   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Joint Research Laboratory for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Research between Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and University of New Hampshire (CAAS-UNH), Beijing 100081
  • Received:2018-01-22 Accepted:2018-07-06 Online:2018-10-16 Published:2018-10-16

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Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this paper was to explore the impacts of one-off fertilization on CH4 and N2O emissions and its impacting factors in rape-paddy replanting system to calculate global warming potential, and to understand the contribution of one-off fertilization to the greenhouse gas emission, so as to provide scientific basis and technical reference for greenhouse gas emission reduction.【Method】Based on the typical rape-paddy replanting system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the experiments were set up in the (30.36N, 112.08E) rape-paddy replanting test field in Taihu port farm of Jingzhou from October 2015 to September 2016 with 5 treatments, including Control treatment (CK), Farmers' Practice treatment (FP), Optimal fertilizer treatment (OPT), Urea fertilizer treatment (UA) and Controlled release fertilizer treatment (CRF), with 3 replicates. In the whole growth period, the static chamber gas chromatography method was used for determination of CH4 and N2O emission flux. Before and after planting, the physicochemical properties of soil and yield of the crop were measured.【Result】(1) The emissions of N2O and CH4 had obvious seasonal dynamics of high in paddy season and low in rape season. The fluxes of N2O varied -4.08-35.51 μg N·m-2·h-1 and varied -16.52-193.30 μg N·m-2·h-1 in the paddy season. The average annual emission flux varied 3.66-23.70 μg N·m-2·h-1; the fluxes of CH4 varied -0.08-0.05 mg C·m-2·h-1 in rape season. The fluxes of CH4 in rice season varied -0.54-4.81 mg C·m-2·h-1. The annual average flux varied 0.42-0.66 mg C·m-2·h-1. (2) The amounts of N2O emissions from high to low were FP, CRF, OPT, UA, and CK, respectively, and the value of them was 1.31, 1.19, 1.04, 0.82 and 0.37 kg N·hm-2, respectively. The emission factors were a range in 0.14%-0.25%, all values were lower than 1%, which were IPCC Recommended. Compared with OPT treatment with the same amount of nitrogen input, the two one-off fertilization UA and CRF treatments could effectively reduce CH4 emissions by 29.0% and 29.9%, respectively, at the same time UA treatment can reduce the 21.2% N2O emissions, but CRF treatment increased 14.8% N2O emissions. (3) Under the same amount of nitrogen application, one-off fertilization CRF significantly increased the yield of rape by 10.6%, while the effect on paddy yield was not significant. The characteristics of the GHGI showed low in rape season, high in rice season, but there was no significant difference in treatments between rape and rice season. The minimum GHGI of CRF and UA in rape season was 0.038 kgCO2-eq·kg-1, OPT was maximum with 0.057 kgCO2-eq·kg-1, the minimum of UA in rice season UA was 0.07 kgCO2-eq·kg-1, and FP was maximum with 0.13 kgCO2-eq·kg-1. (4) The Global Warming Potential of the two gases were integrated with the GWP (100 year scale), under the same nitrogen application amount, one-off fertilization UA and CRF were better than OPT significantly reduced the GWP 28.0% and 18.2% (P<0.05), and the one-off fertilization of urea was more effectively reduce the effect of greenhouse gas.【Conclusion】For the typical farmland in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, one-off fertilization of common urea or control-release urea could reduce greenhouse gas emissions while maintained crop yield, but it still needs to be verified by long-term experiments.

Key words: one-off fertilization, rape-paddy replanting system, greenhouse gas, global warming potential

Table 1

The different types and amounts of nitrogen fertilizers during the whole periods"

处理
Treatment		 氮肥种类
Types of fertilizers		 施肥方式
Nitrogen supply methods		 氮肥用量Level of N fertilizers (kg N·hm-2)
油菜Rape 水稻Paddy
CK - - - -
FP 尿素Urea 60%基肥+20%越冬+20%抽薹前期(油菜)
60% Base fertilizer + 20% Overwintering + 20% Prophase of bolting (Rape)
70%基肥+30%分蘖肥(水稻)
70% Base fertilizer + 30% Tillering stage dressing (Rice)		 210 210
OPT 尿素Urea 60%基肥+20%越冬+20%抽薹前期(油菜)
60% Base fertilizer + 20% Overwintering + 20% Prophase of bolting(Rape)
50%基肥+25%分蘖肥+25%穗肥(水稻)
50% Base fertilizer + 25% Tillering stage dressing + 25% Panicle fertilizer (Rice)		 165 165
UA 尿素Urea 全部基施All basal fertilization 165 165
CRF CRF 全部基施All basal fertilization 165 165

Fig. 1

The precipitation and average daily air temperature during the whole observed period"

Fig. 2

The N2O emission flux in rape-paddy multiple cropping system under different treatments"

Fig. 3

The CH4 emission flux in rape-paddy multiple cropping system under different treatments"

Fig. 4

The seasonal cumulative N2O emissions in each treatment"

Fig. 5

The seasonal cumulative CH4 emissions in each treatment"

Table 2

The GWP of rape/paddy in each treatment (100 a) (kgCO2-eq·hm-2)"

处理
Treatment		 CH4 N2O GWP
油菜 Rape 水稻 Paddy 油菜 Rape 水稻 Paddy
CK -12.93a 552.24ab 47.74a 73.65c 660.71c
FP 5.84a 709.76a 85.32a 261.44a 1062.36a
OPT 10.76a 584.26ab 117.52a 178.06ab 890.61ab
UA -5.16a 389.17b 93.91a 125.54bc 603.46c
CRF -21.52a 438.41b 73.27a 243.09ab 733.25bc

Fig. 6

The seasonal yield of rape, paddy in each treatment"

Fig. 7

The GHGI of rape-paddy in each treatment"

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