黄瓜光合特征及水分利用效率对土壤含水量的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.15.013

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Water deficit is the principal factor affecting cucumber production. However, the mechanisms for the decline of photosynthesis in leaves of cucumber and the synergistic action between carbon assimilation and transpiration water consumption under different water stresses were not very clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the processes and mechanisms of drought stress on photosynthesis, to study the impact of soil water content on carbon assimilation and transpiration water consumption, and to analyze the optimum range making cucumber grow better, which would supply the reference basis about cucumber water-saving physiology. 【Method】The pot experiments were conducted in the rain-proofing solarium and two factors were designed: irrigation and nitrogen fertilization. There were five irrigations levels (W1: 0, W2: -5 kPa, W3: -10 kPa, W4: -15 kPa). 【Result】During cucumbers growth period, soil water content could keep stability essentially under the same negative hydraulic head supplied by the negatively pressurized irrigation system. The relative soil water content (RSWC) controlled by W1, W2, W3 and W4 were (103.8±1.2)%, (88.7±3.7)%, (77.4±4.5)% and (61.8±3.2)%, respectively. When RSWC was between 61.8% and 88.7%, both the daily mean value of stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) significantly decreased with reducing soil water content, which could maintain leaf water use efficiency (LWUE) at a relatively high level to accommodate water stress. The daily mean values of net photosynthetic rate and LWUE at 3 growth stages were parabolic correlated to the value of relative soil water content. Nevertheless, the values of RSWC were different when the values of P_n and LWUE were maximum at different growth stages. When RSWC was 88.7%, plant dry weight and yield were the maximum, while water use efficiency (WUE) was the highest as RSWC was 77.4%. 【Conclusion】 Appropriate ranges of relative soil water content were between 70% and 93% at flowering stage, between 78% and 103% at full fruit stage and between 73% and 104% at last fruit stage. In these ranges, cucumber leaf could maintain a preferable synergistic relationship between carbon assimilation and transpiration water consumption, which resulted in the improvement of amount of dry matter and yield.

Key words: soil water content, cucumber, water stress, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, water use efficiency

LI ShengPing, WU XuePing, GAO LiLi, LONG HuaiYu, LI Jing, WANG BiSheng, DANG JianYou, PEI XueXia. Response of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Cucumber to Soil Water Content[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(15): 2993-3005.

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