湖北省不同稻作区域秸秆还田替代钾肥效果

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.08.09

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The experiment was conducted to study the effects of potassium (K) fertilization and straw incorporation on rice yield, K uptake and K balance in different rice producing regions of Hubei province, in order to find how much chemical potassium can be replaced by straw potassium. The results would provide a scientific basis for K fertilization management under straw incorporation for different regions. 【Method】Field trials in 19 counties were carried out to study the effects of the substitution of straw incorporation for K fertilization in hilly regions of east (HEH) and center Hubei (HCH) and Jianghan Plain (JHP) in 2013. The designed six treatments were no K fertilization (NP), chemical K fertilization (NPK), straw incorporation (NP+S), straw incorporation with 50% of chemical K fertilizer (NP+1/2K+S), straw incorporation with 75% of chemical K fertilizer (NP+3/4K+S), and straw incorporation with 100% of chemical K fertilizer (NPK+S). 【Result】Both K fertilization and straw incorporation improved the rice yield and K uptake across the regions. Compared with NP treatment, the averaged rice yield increased by 0.36, 0.36 and 1.07 t·hm^-2 in NPK treatment in the regions of HEH, HCH, and JHP, respectively, with the increasing rate of 6.4%, 5.0% and 15.3%. For the NP+S treatment, rice yield increased by 0.57, 0.49 and 0.24 t·hm^-2 in HEH, HCH, and JHP regions, with the increasing rate of 7.6%, 6.9% and 4.0%, respectively. K fertilization (NPK) enhanced the K uptake by 20.1-61.9 kg K₂O·hm^-2, while the straw incorporation (NP+S) increased K uptake by 8.5-39.1 kg K₂O·hm^-2. Both yield and K uptake of NPK treatment were higher significantly than NP+S treatment in JHP area. However, no difference was observed between the NPK and NP+S treatments in the HEH and HCH areas. After calculating the apparent K balance, it was found that K lost (144.3-284.4 kg K₂O·hm^-2) occurred in all the treatments across the sites especially in the treatments without straw incorporation. Model was used to fit the relationship between K fertilization rate and rice yield, the optimum application rate of K fertilizer under straw incorporation for which could reach the yield under NPK treatment was obtained. The optimal K rate was 19.9, 14.9 and 54.2 kg K₂O·hm^-2 in the regions of HEH, HCH, and JHP, which saved chemical K fertilizer by 66.8%, 75.2% and 9.7% compared with the recommended amount (60 kg K₂O·hm^-2), respectively. Using the price of K fertilizer and rice in 2013, the economic optimum K rate (EOKR) could be obtained. The EOKR values were 27.4, 27.9 and 37.9 kg K₂O·hm^-2 in the HEH, HCH, and JHP, saved 54.3%, 53.5% and 36.9% chemical K fertilizer compared with the recommended amount, respectively. 【Conclusion】Chemical K fertilizer could be partly replaced by straw incorporation across different rice planting regions in Hubei province. In addition, straw incorporation can alleviate soil K loss, which plays an important role in sustainable potassium management on farmland.

Key words: rice, different regions, straw incorporation, K fertilization substitution, the economic optimum K rate

LIU Qiu-xia, DAI Zhi-gang, LU Jian-wei, REN Tao, ZHOU Xian-zhu, WANG Zhong-liang, LI Xiao-kun, CONG Ri-huan. Effect of the Substitution of Straw Incorporation for K Fertilization in Different Rice Producing Regions of Hubei Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(8): 1548-1557.

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Effect of the Substitution of Straw Incorporation for K Fertilization in Different Rice Producing Regions of Hubei Province

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