Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (5): 937-950.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.05.002

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Stripe Rust Resistance Evaluation and Molecular Characterization of Yr Genes for 155 Spring Wheat Varieties (Lines)

JIAO WenJuan1(), HE WanLong1, GENG HongWei1, BAI Bin2, LI JianFeng3, CHENG YuKun()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Engineering Technology Research Center of High-Quality Special Wheat Crops, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052
    2 Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
    3 Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091
  • Received:2025-08-12 Accepted:2025-10-02 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-03-06
  • Contact: CHENG YuKun

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Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the stripe rust resistance and resistance gene distribution in Xinjiang spring wheat germplasms, it’s necessary for identification stable resistant varieties (lines) carrying multiple resistance genes and providing reference information for the effective utilization of resistant resources and wheat disease-resistant breeding. 【Method】 Seedling-stage resistance evaluation was performed using the currently prevalent Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races CYR32 and CYR34 for single-race inoculation assays. Adult-plant resistance assays were conducted during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons at field sites in Qingshui, Gansu and Lugang, Xinjiang. A mixed inoculum of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races (CYR32, CYR33, CYR34, Su11-4, Su11-5, and G22-14) were used to simulate natural epidemic conditions. The presence of stripe rust resistance genes (Yr9, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr28, Yr29, Yr30, Yr80, Yr81, Yr82, Yr86, YrZH22 and YrZH84) was analyzed using tightly linked flanking markers or functional markers. 【Result】 Among the 155 tested wheat varieties (lines), 20 exhibited resistance to race CYR32, 26 showed resistance to CYR34, and 14 demonstrated resistance to both CYR32 and CYR34. Two wheat varieties (lines), Pirsabak-13 and Millat-11, exhibited immune responses (IT=0) against both CYR32 and CYR34 at the seedling stage. A total of 101 wheat varieties (lines) demonstrated stable resistance across both Xinjiang and Gansu field environments during the adult-plant stage, including 80 Xinjiang-bred varieties (lines) and 21 foreign-introduced varieties (lines). Eight wheat varieties (lines) (foreign varieties (lines): 10136, 10123, Xinjiang-bred varieties (lines): 9628, Hechun 137, Liangchun 1832, Liangchun 1773, Pin 9616 and Pin 9638) exhibited environmentally stable, high resistance (IT=0-3; DS≤20%) at the adult-plant stage. Molecular markers detection indicated that 14, 66, 6, 8, 17, 62, 17, 2, 1 and 11 varieties (lines) carried the resistance gene Yr9, Yr17, Yr18, Yr28, Yr29, Yr30, Yr81, Yr82, Yr86 and YrZH84, respectively. Yr15, Yr80 and YrZH22 were not detected in all wheat cultivars (lines). Pirsabak-13 (Yr9, Yr17, Yr29, Yr81), Borluag-16 (Yr17, Yr30, Yr86), Ufaq-2000 (Yr9, Yr18, Yr30), Bafeng 5 (Yr9, Yr17, Yr28, Yr30), 9628 (Yr30, Yr81, Yr82), Xinchun 5 (Yr17, Yr29, Yr30), Xinchun 50 (Yr9, Yr17, Yr30), Ning 33 (Yr17, Yr29, Yr81), and Ning 28 (Yr17, Yr28, Yr29) carry three to four resistance genes. These varieties exhibit stable resistance to the tested virulent races either throughout their entire growth period or during the adult plant stage. These varieties (lines) with multiple disease-resistant genes and exhibit stable disease resistance can be applied for breeding rust-resistant wheat in Xinjiang.【Conclusion】 The seedling resistance levels of spring wheat in Xinjiang to CYR32 and CYR34 are relatively low. However, the adult plant resistance was generally high. A total of 101 varieties (lines) exhibited stable resistance to the mixed pathogen races. Yr17 and Yr30 were the most widely distributed Yr genes among the tested spring wheat varieties. Wheat accessions carried unknown Yr genes or potentially novel genes/QTLs need further exploration.

Key words: Xinjiang spring wheat, stripe rust, disease resistance evaluation, Yr genes, molecular detection

Fig. 1

Resistance of Xinjiang-bred varieties (lines) and foreign varieties (lines) to stripe resistance CYR32 (A) and CYR34 (B) at seedling-plant stage"

Fig. 2

Adult plant resistance and distribution of 155 spring wheat cultivars (lines) GS-HR: Varieties (lines) exhibited high resistance in Gansu; XJ-HR: Varieties (lines) exhibited high resistance in Xinjiang; GS-MR: Varieties (lines) exhibited moderate resistance in Gansu; XJ-MR: Varieties (lines) exhibited moderate resistance in Xinjiang; GS-HS: Varieties (lines) exhibited high susceptibility in Gansu; XJ-HS: Varieties (lines) exhibited high susceptibility in Xinjiang; GS-MS: Varieties (lines) exhibited moderate susceptible in Gansu; XJ-MS: Varieties (lines) exhibited moderate susceptibility in Xinjiang"

Fig. 3

Heatmap of correlation coefficient of DS and IT values for disease resistance in 155 spring wheat varieties (lines) across different environments GS-DS: The disease resistance of varieties (lines) at the adult plant stage as identified in Gansu; XJ-DS: The disease resistance of varieties (lines) at the adult plant stage as identified in Xinjiang; GS-IT: Infection type of the varieties (lines) in the adult plant disease resistance identification in Gansu; XJ-IT: Infection type of the varieties (lines) in the adult plant disease resistance identification in Xinjiang. *: P≤0.05; **: P≤0.01; ***: P≤0.001; NS: P>0.05. The same as below"

Fig. 4

Molecular detection results of Yr9 in selected wheat varieties (lines) M: Marker（DL2000）; 1 and 12: AvSYr9 NIL; 2 and 13: Xinchun 4; 3 and 14: Jiushenghe C1809; 4 and 15: Liangchun 1522; 5 and 16: Ningmai 13; 6 and 17: Bafeng 5; 7 and 18: Nongmai 2; 8 and 19: Yong 1285; 9 and 20: Bamai 12; 10 and 21: Guangmai 13; 11 and 22: Ningmai 28. 1-11: Yr9 gene marker AF1/AF4; 12-22: Yr9 gene marker P6M12P"

Fig. 5

KASP genotyping clustering analysis of the Yr81 gene Red: Contain Yr81; Blue: No Yr81; Pink and purple: No signal"

Fig. 6

The distribution frequency of stripe rust resistance genes in foreign cultivars (lines) and Xinjiang-bred cultivars (lines)"

Fig. 7

The stripe rust severity of 155 spring wheat cultivars (lines) with different stripe rust resistance genes combination at adult plant stripe rust severity"

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