Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 519-528.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.03.010

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Urea Slow-Release Functional Fertilizer Containing Melatonin on Growth, Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Tomato Under Reduced Phosphorus Application Conditions

LIU MingHui1(), TIAN HongYu2, LIU ZhiGuang2, GONG Biao1()   

  1. 1College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong
    2College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Tai’an 271018, Shandong
  • Received:2022-04-06 Accepted:2022-06-06 Online:2023-02-01 Published:2023-02-14
  • Contact: GONG Biao E-mail:liuminghuiaq@163.com;gongbiao@sdau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】Melatonin has multiple beneficial effects on plants. However, its active chemical properties limit its application in agricultural production. In this study, urea slow-release functional fertilizer containing melatonin (hereinafter referred to as functional fertilizer) was prepared by coating technology, and its effects on tomato growth, yield, and quality as well as phosphorus use efficiency were studied, so as to provide the theoretical basis for melatonin application with high use efficiency and reducing fertilizer rate on tomato.【Method】 The release rate of melatonin in functional fertilizer was studied by water bubble method. Then the effects of melatonin-functional fertilizer on the growth of tomato seedlings were studied by plug seedling. Finally, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of functional fertilizer on plant growth and dry matter distribution, root growth, phosphorus absorption and distribution, phosphorus utilization rate and fertilizer yield contribution rate, root phosphatase activity, and fruit yield and quality. Four treatments were set, namely, phosphorus application (+P), non-phosphorus application (-P), urea slow-release fertilizer and functional fertilizer (-P+M and +P+M).【Result】The real melatonin content after coating was 35% of the total melatonin concentration when coating. When water bubbled to 60 d, the amount of melatonin residue in functional fertilizer was 6.61%. The application of functional fertilizer in conventional tomato seedlings could significantly promote seedling growth, and the seedling index was increased by 70.2% compared with the control. The pot experiment showed that the biomass of tomato roots, stems, leaves and fruits under -P treatment decreased by 19.64%, 18.51%, 28.99% and 28.73% compared with that under +P treatment, respectively. The dry matter distribution ratios of roots and stems increased by 10.03% and 11.63%, respectively, while the dry matter distribution ratios of leaves and fruits decreased by 2.74% and 2.39%, respectively. The application of functional fertilizer could significantly increase the biomass accumulation of all tissues under the two phosphorus treatments. The dry matter distribution ratio of root under the condition of increasing +P was 12.14%, the dry matter distribution ratio of stem and leaf under the condition of reducing -P was 6.00% and 5.90%, and the dry matter distribution ratio of fruit increased by 9.06%. -P treatment reduced the total length, total surface area and total volume of roots, and increased the number of root tips. The application of functional fertilizer could increase the total length, total surface area, total volume and number of root tips under two phosphorus levels. -P treatment significantly reduced the phosphorus content in roots, stems, leaves and fruits of tomato plants, increased the phosphorus distribution in roots, stems and leaves, and reduced the phosphorus distribution ratio in fruits. The application of functional fertilizer could significantly increase the phosphorus content of all tissues under the two P treatments, increase the phosphorus distribution ratio of roots under +P treatments, decrease the phosphorus distribution ratio of stems and leaves under -P treatment, and increase the phosphorus distribution ratio of fruits. The application of functional fertilizer could significantly improve phosphatase activity, whole plant phosphorus uptake, fertilizer utilization rate and fertilizer yield contribution rate. -P treatment reduced tomato yield, but application of melatonin functional fertilizer significantly increased yield under -P treatment reduced the tomato yield by 17.57%, but the application of functional fertilizer under -P treatment increased the yield by 21.32%, and had no significant effect on the yield under +P treatment. In addition, the application of functional fertilizer could comprehensively improve the quality of tomato fruits under -P or partial +P conditions.【Conclusion】The application of melatonin coated in slow-release fertilizer could significantly reduce the amount of melatonin, improve the growth quality of tomato seedlings and plants in the whole growth period, increase the utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer, and finally improve the yield and fruit quality.

Key words: tomato, urea slow-release functional fertilizer containing melatonin, phosphate fertilizer treatment, growth, yield and quality, phosphorus utilization rate

Table 1

Physical and chemical properties of the field soil"

土壤质地分类
Soil textural class		 酸碱度
pH		 砂粒
Sand (%)		 粉砂粒
Silt (%)		 黏粒
Clay (%)		 有机质
Organic matter (g∙kg-1)		 氮N
(g∙kg-1)		 磷P
(g∙kg-1)		 钾K
(g∙kg-1)
壤土Loam 6.4 46 41 13 10.16 0.53 0.49 19.81

Fig. 1

Melatonin release rate in functional fertilizer"

Table 2

Effect of functional fertilizer on the growth of tomato seedling"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter (mm)		 茎叶生物量
Shoot biomass (g)		 根系生物量
Root biomass (g)		 根冠比
Root/Shoot ratio		 壮苗指数
Seedling index
CK 15.36b 2.66b 0.76b 0.21b 0.28b 0.44b
M 21.61a 3.11a 1.05a 0.39a 0.37a 0.74a

Table 3

Effect of functional fertilizer on dry matter accumulation and allocation in tomato under different phosphorus levels"

处理
Treatment		 根Root 茎Stem 叶Leaf 果Fruit 总生物量
TB
DW AR DW AR DW AR DW AR
-P 10.64d 4.17a 41.61d 16.32a 105.82d 41.51b 96.82d 37.98c 254.89d
-P+M 12.10c 4.18a 44.45c 15.34b 113.15c 39.06c 119.97c 41.42a 289.67c
+P 13.24b 3.79b 51.06b 14.62c 149.03b 42.68a 135.85b 38.91b 349.18b
+P+M 15.73a 4.25a 54.44a 14.73c 157.91a 42.73a 141.45a 38.28bc 369.53a

Fig. 2

Effects of functional fertilizer on root development of tomato during the whole growth period Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below"

Table 4

Effects of functional fertilizer on phosphorus utilization of tomato during the whole growth period"

处理
Treatment		 根Root 茎Stem 叶Leaf 果Fruit 吸收量
U		 肥料利用率
FU		 肥料产量贡献率
CFY
C AR C AR C AR C AR
-P 0.56c 4.44b 0.59c 18.29a 0.44c 34.70a 0.59c 42.57c 134.19d — —
-P+M 0.67b 4.30b 0.65b 15.33b 0.48bc 28.81c 0.81b 51.56a 188.49c — —
+P 0.71b 4.03c 0.66b 14.44c 0.52b 33.21b 0.83b 48.32b 233.35b 11.14b 28.73b
+P+M 0.84a 4.52a 0.78a 14.54c 0.61a 32.98b 0.99a 47.95b 292.04a 17.73a 31.55a

Fig. 3

Effect of functional fertilizer on root phosphatase activity of tomato in whole growth period"

Table 5

Effects of functional fertilizer on tomato quality in the whole growth period"

处理
Treatment		 单株产量
Yield
(kg/plant)		 单果重
Fruit weight (g)		 第1穗果坐果至
果实转色的时间
Mature period (d)		 可溶性固形物
Soluble solid (%)		 可溶性糖
Soluble sugar (%)		 可滴定酸
Titratable acid (%)		 糖酸比
Sugar/acid ratio		 维生素C
Vc
(mg∙kg-1)
-P 2.58c 172c 36.4b 5.19c 2.86d 0.91a 3.14d 144c
-P+M 3.13b 209b 34.5c 6.45a 3.02c 0.86b 3.51c 213a
+P 3.39ab 226ab 38.6a 6.03b 3.29ab 0.83c 3.96b 169b
+P+M 3.64a 243a 35.7b 6.62a 3.49a 0.82c 4.26a 221a
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