Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (9): 1860-1873.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.09.013

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Different Root Exudates on Soil N2O Emissions and Isotopic Signature

Shan ZHUANG1,Wei LIN1,JunJun DING1,Qian ZHENG1,XinYue KOU1,QiaoZhen LI1,YuZhong LI1,2()   

  1. 1 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081;
    2 Environmental Stable Isotope Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2019-08-02 Accepted:2019-11-06 Online:2020-05-01 Published:2020-05-13
  • Contact: YuZhong LI E-mail:liyuzhong@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the main plant root exudates (organic acids, amino acids, sugars) on N2O emission and its microbial processes, so as to provide a support for selecting suitable plants to control soil N2O emissions. 【Method】Three main components of root exudates, including oxalic acid, serine and glucose, were added in the soil, and two levels of concentration were set for each component: low concentration (150 μg C·d -1) and high concentration (300 μg C·d -1). There were totally 7 treatments with a control treatment treated with distilled water, and all treatments were incubated in 120 mL glass bottles in incubator. The gas samples were sampled 7 times within 24 hours after 2-hour incubation each time. After sampling, the N2O emission rate, daily cumulative emission and isotope signatures (δ 15N bulk, δ 18O and SP (intramolecular 15N site preference, δ 15N α-δ 15N β)) were measured, then the optimal sampling time was determined according to their daily variation rules. 【Result】The N2O emission rate of soils increased gradually after adding three components of root exudates, which were higher than the control treatment. The cumulative emission of N2O in the high concentration treatment was: Glucose treatments ((3.2±1.3) mg·kg -1·d -1)>Serine treatments ((2.6±0.5) mg·kg -1·d -1)>Oxalic acid treatments((1.4±0.2) mg·kg -1·d -1), low concentration treatment: Oxalic acid ((2.7±1.3) mg·kg -1·d -1)>Serine ((1.8±0.4) mg·kg -1·d -1)>Glucose ((1.6±0.8) mg·kg -1·d -1); the values of δ 18O of N2O were not different among different root exudate treatments and were stable at 24.1‰-25.6‰, but significantly higher than the control treatment ((20.1±1.5) ‰); the δ 15N bulk value of N2O was related to the component of root exudates added, which was (-20.06±2.22) ‰ of oxalic acid treatment, (-22.33±1.10) ‰ of serine treatment, (-13.86±1.11) ‰ treated of glucose treatment, and (-23.14±3.72) ‰ of the control treatment. The SP value of N2O of each treatment ranged from 13.13‰ to 15.03‰, and the higher the root exudate concentration, the lower the SP value; after a comprehensive analysis of the correction coefficients of four indexes (N2O emission rate, the value of δ 15N bulk, δ 18O and SP) at each sampling time and their daily mean values of 7 treatments, the correction coefficients of all treatments were closest to 1 at the 16th hour after the addition of root exudates. 【Conclusion】In the soil environment with NH+ 4- 300 mg N·kg -1, the root exudates promoted N2O emission and the N2O emission rate increased gradually during the culture time (24 hours). The promotion effect of glucose in high concentration group was the strongest, while that of oxalic acid in low concentration group was the strongest. Compared with the control treatment, the addition of root exudates significantly increased the δ 18O value of N2O; the addition of glucose significantly increased the δ 15N bulk value of N2O. The higher the concentration of root exudates, the stronger the contribution of denitrification to N2O was detected.

Key words: root exudates, nitrification, denitrification, N2O, isotopic signature

Fig. 1

N2O emission rates at different observation time after adding root exudates Error bars represent standard error (n=3). The same as below"

"

处理 Treatment N2O累计排放量 (mg·kg-1·d-1) δ18O (‰) δ15Nbulk (‰) SP (‰)
草酸 Oxalic acid CL 2.68±1.34ab 24.16±1.55a -19.82±7.41abc 17.03±0.40a
CH 1.38±0.24bc 24.08±1.22a -20.31±5.82abc 13.13±2.70b
丝氨酸 Serine AL 1.81±0.45abc 25.33±0.39a -24.44±1.95c 15.71±0.78ab
AH 2.56±0.45ab 24.68±1.11a -20.21±2.11abc 14.35±1.47ab
葡萄糖 Glucose PL 1.61±0.79bc 25.59±0.25a -13.12±1.13a 16.16±1.40a
PH 3.23±1.33a 24.09±2.30a -14.6±4.38ab 15.18±1.04ab
对照 Control treatment 0.90±0.09c 20.06±1.52b -23.14±3.72c 13.29±1.40b
添加根系分泌物 Adding root exudates <0.001** 0.196 0.089 0.032*
组分 Component 0.718 0.495 0.017* 0.718
浓度 Concentration 0.38 0.261 0.726 0.012*
组分×浓度 Component×Concentration 0.0278* 0.611 0.51 0.222

Fig. 2

Isotope signature (δ18O, δ15Nbulk, SP) of N2O at different observation time after adding root exudates"

Fig. 3

Contribution of denitrification-nitrification on N2O"

Fig. 4

The correction coefficient of emission rate and isotope values (δ18O, δ15Nbulk, SP) at different observation time after adding root exudates"

Fig. 5

Comparison of emission rate, isotope signature (δ18O, δ15Nbulk, SP) of N2O at optimal sampling time with daily average"

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