Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (7): 1215-1226.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.07.009

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Physiological Response Mechanism of Drought Stress in Different Drought-Tolerance Genotypes of Sesame During Flowering Period

SUN Jian,YAN XiaoWen,LE MeiWang(),RAO YueLiang,YAN TingXian,YE YanYing,ZHOU HongYing   

  1. Institute of Crops, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement/Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oilcrops Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330200
  • Received:2018-11-01 Accepted:2019-02-18 Online:2019-04-01 Published:2019-04-04
  • Contact: MeiWang LE E-mail:mwyuecarl@163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】The aims of this study were to study the effects of drought stress on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of leaves and roots of different drought-tolerant sesame varieties, to analyze the physiological responses of sesame different genotypes under drought stress during flowering period, thus providing a theoretical reference for the studies of sesame drought-tolerant and its improvement. 【Method】This experiment adopted the method of potted to drought-tolerant varieties “Jinhuangma” and drought-sensitive varieties “Zhushanbai” as the experimental materials, and treatment with mild (T1), moderate (T2) and severe (T3) drought stress at the flowering period, with normal irrigation as the control (CK). The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), free amino acids (AA), reduced ascobate (AsA), and reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) in plant leaves and roots were determined, respectively. And then the differences of physiological response mechanism between two genotypes under drought stress were analyzed. 【Result】 After drought stress, the contents of MDA, H2O2, Pro, SS, SP, and GSH with the activities of SOD, POD and PAL in sesame leaves, as well as contents of MDA, SS, SP, AA, GSH, AsA and CAT and PAL activity in roots showed an increasing trend with the aggravation of stress degree, and AA, AsA content and CAT activity in leaves and contents of H2O2, Pro and SOD, POD activity in roots showed a trend of first rising and then falling with the aggravation of stress degree. The results of correlation analysis showed that the measured value of physiological and biochemical indexes in leaves were all positively correlated with them in roots, and the drought-tolerance of varieties was negatively correlated with the content of membrane lipid peroxidation damage substances (MDA and H2O2), and positively correlated with partial osmotic regulatory substances, defense system substances and protective enzyme activities. 【Conclusion】Under drought stress during the flowering period of sesame, 12 physiological and biochemical indexes of two different genotypes of sesame all showed different degree of increase, with great difference in response, and the effect on the leaves was greater than that of the roots. Drought-tolerant varieties showed less cell membrane lipid peroxidation damage, more accumulation of osmotic regulatory substances, stronger activity of protective enzymes (SOD and CAT) and higher content of antioxidant substances (GSH and AsA) than that in drought-sensitive varieties. Drought-tolerance of sesame showed comprehensive defense in many factors on physiological and biochemical indexes.

Key words: sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), flowering period, drought stress, physiological and biochemical characteristics, physiological response mechanism

Fig. 1

Effects of drought stress on the content of MDA and H2O2 in sesame leaves and roots at the flowering period Different lowercase alphabets indicate significant differences of the same variety and tissue under different drought stress levels at 0.05 level. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Effects of drought stress on osmotic adjustment substances in sesame leaves and roots during the flowering period"

Fig. 3

Effects of drought stress on antioxidant substance and PAL in sesame leaves and roots during the flowering period"

Table 1

Correlation analysis of physiological and biochemical indexes of sesame under drought stress during flowering period"

丙二醛
MDA		 过氧化氢
H2O2		 脯氨酸
Pro		 可溶性糖
SS		 可溶性
蛋白
SP		 游离
氨基酸
AA		 超氧化
歧化酶
SOD		 过氧化
物酶
POD		 过氧化
氢酶
CAT		 还原型谷胱甘肽
GSH		 抗坏血酸
AsA		 苯丙氨酸解氨酶
PAL
MDA 1.000
H2O2 0.654** 1.000
Pro 0.518** 0.716** 1.000
SS 0.702** 0.640** 0.774** 1.000
SP 0.715** 0.649** 0.742** 0.936** 1.000
AA 0.712** 0.717** 0.654** 0.865** 0.889** 1.000
SOD 0.520** 0.622** 0.843** 0.911** 0.908** 0.867** 1.000
POD 0.374** 0.089 0.180 0.217 0.080 -0.011 0.026 1.000
CAT 0.573** 0.373** 0.558** 0.754** 0.743** 0.672** 0.649** 0.290** 1.000
GSH 0.671** 0.296* 0.500** 0.608** 0.511** 0.283 0.360* 0.639** 0.562** 1.000
AsA 0.622** 0.704** 0.723** 0.869** 0.894** 0.923** 0.903** -0.048 0.626** 0.305* 1.000
PAL 0.790** 0.847** 0.745** 0.770** 0.756** 0.714** 0.637** 0.248 0.669** 0.639** 0.706** 1.000

Table 2

Correlation analysis of physiological and biochemical indexes between leaves and roots of sesame under drought stress during the flowering period"

项目
Item		 叶片生理生化指标 Physiological and biochemical indexes of leaves
MDA H2O2 Pro SS SP AA SOD POD CAT GSH AsA PAL
根系生理生化指标
Physiological and biochemical indexes of roots		 MDA 0.782** 0.761** 0.836** 0.636** 0.482* 0.367 0.519** 0.893** 0.600** 0.849** 0.418* 0.877**
H2O2 0.775** 0.876** 0.331 0.333 0.229 0.211 0.103 0.725** 0.164 0.528** -0.003 0.739**
Pro 0.211 -0.075 0.274 0.574** 0.752** 0.327 0.528** -0.054 0.484* 0.353 0.343 0.182
SS 0.604** 0.333 0.678** 0.938** 0.934** 0.759** 0.914** 0.543** 0.748** 0.688** 0.710** 0.478*
SP 0.627** 0.445* 0.879** 0.833** 0.759** 0.592** 0.850** 0.692** 0.699** 0.753** 0.716** 0.598**
AA 0.679** 0.457* 0.884** 0.920** 0.834** 0.560** 0.865** 0.732** 0.750** 0.872** 0.641** 0.671**
SOD 0.232 -0.079 0.339 0.789** 0.823** 0.772** 0.832** 0.217 0.601** 0.314 0.640** 0.023
POD 0.786** 0.697** 0.424* 0.613** 0.482* 0.672** 0.515* 0.645** 0.120 0.494* 0.771** 0.568**
CAT 0.320 0.059 0.745** 0.807** 0.741** 0.568** 0.902** 0.393 0.570** 0.593** 0.837** 0.254
GSH 0.766** 0.587** 0.868** 0.809** 0.721** 0.553** 0.744** 0.735** 0.729** 0.836** 0.617** 0.764**
AsA 0.413* 0.152 0.780** 0.779** 0.741** 0.602** 0.915** 0.480* 0.648** 0.561** 0.710** 0.247
PAL 0.529** 0.359 0.895** 0.783** 0.718** 0.290 0.761** 0.567** 0.587** 0.854** 0.607** 0.600**

Table 3

Correlation analysis of drought resistance of varieties and physiological and biochemical indexes of sesame leaves and roots under drought stress during the flowering period"

叶片生理生化指标
Physiological and biochemical indexes of leaves		 相关系数1
Coefficient 1		 相关系数2
Coefficient 2		 根系生理生化指标
Physiological and biochemical indexes of roots		 相关系数1
Coefficient 1		 相关系数2
Coefficient 2
丙二醛MDA -0.490* -0.508* 丙二醛MDA -0.322 -0.427
过氧化氢H2O2 -0.722** -0.883** 过氧化氢H2O2 -0.640** -0.699**
脯氨酸Pro 0.113 -0.361 脯氨酸Pro 0.285 0.664**
可溶性糖SS 0.183 0.835** 可溶性糖SS 0.253 -0.151
可溶性蛋白SP 0.296 0.852** 可溶性蛋白SP 0.168 -0.554*
游离氨基酸AA 0.239 -0.377 游离氨基酸AA 0.094 0.215
超氧化歧化酶SOD 0.481* -0.236 超氧化歧化酶SOD 0.520** 0.649**
过氧化物酶POD -0.330 -0.624** 过氧化物酶POD -0.298 0.290
过氧化氢酶CAT 0.377 -0.216 过氧化氢酶CAT 0.479* 0.028
还原型谷胱甘肽GSH -0.223 0.841** 还原型谷胱甘肽GSH -0.030 -0.725**
抗坏血酸AsA 0.231 0.540* 抗坏血酸AsA 0.519** -0.837**
苯丙氨酸解氨酶PAL -0.620** 0.441 苯丙氨酸解氨酶PAL 0.138 0.338
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