宽窄行与增密对绿洲灌区玉米光合特性及资源利用的协同效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.02.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To address the scientific challenges of limited yield potential, inefficient resource use efficiency, and constrained economic benefits in equidistant maize planting in the Northwest oasis irrigation zones of China, this study investigated the effects of wide-narrow row planting patterns on maize density tolerance and yield potential. 【Method】 This experiment began in 2017 and the data were collected from 2019 to 2021, using a split-plot design. The main plot treatments comprised three line spacing configurations characterized by alternating wide-narrow line spacing: L1 (7:3 ratio, 56 cm wide line spacing: 24 cm narrow line spacing), L2 (6:4 ratio, 48 cm wide line spacing: 32 cm narrow line spacing), and L3 (5:5 ratio: 40 cm wide line spacing, 40 cm narrow line spacing). The split-plot treatments were four maize planting densities: D1 (8.25×10⁴ plants/hm², local conventional planting density), D2 (9.00×10⁴ plants/hm², increased density by 9.1%), D3 (9.75×10⁴ plants/hm², increased density by 18.2%), and D4 (10.50×10⁴ plants/hm², increased density by 27.3%). The effects of these spacing arrangements under increasing planting density on maize photosynthetic characteristics, yield, resource utilization, soil nitrogen content, and economic benefits were investigated. 【Result】 Both wide-narrow line spacing planting and increased maize planting density enhanced photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and resource utilization efficiency of maize in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation District. Compared with wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 5:5 treatment, wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 7:3 treatment increased maize average leaf area index, light interception score at the big flare stage, grain yield, light use efficiency, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency by 9.7%, 7.1%, 8.8%, 8.2%, 12.7%, and 14.1%, respectively. Increased density by 9.1% and 18.2% treatments increased maize average leaf area index by 11.4% and 15.7%, light interception score at the big flare stage by 7.4% and 10.1%, grain yield by 9.6% and 11.3%, light use efficiency by 4.0% and 6.1%, and water use efficiency by 10.2% and 20.5% than that with local traditional planting density, respectively. Wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 7:3 with an 18.2% density increase demonstrated significant potential for comprehensive improvement. Compared with wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 5:5 and traditional planting density, wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 7:3 and increased density by 18.2% increased average leaf area index by 28.4%, enhanced light interception score at big flare and grain filling stages by 22.0% and 17.1%, respectively, and raised grain yield, biomass, and harvest index by 22.2%, 13.1%, and 8.0%, respectively. Wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 7:3 and increased density by 18.2% also improved average leaf area index, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency by 13.5%, 39.6%, and 24.0%, respectively, while reducing soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen contents by 11.2%, 18.0%, and 16.8% compared with wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 5:5 and traditional planting density, respectively. Additionally, wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 7:3 and increased density by 18.2% treatment increased net profit and the ratio of benefit and cost by 50.1% and 23.3%, compared with wide-narrow line spacing ratio of 5:5 and traditional planting density, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The wide-narrow line spacing ratio cropping pattern of 7:3 enhanced the comprehensive effects of densely planted maize by improving photosynthetic characteristics, resource use efficiency, and soil nitrogen supply.

Key words: wide-narrow line spacing planting, planting density, maize yield increase, resource use efficiency, photosynthetic characteristics, soil nitrogen supply

CHEN GuiPing, WEI JinGui, GUO Yao, LI Pan, WANG FeiEr, QIU HaiLong, FENG FuXue, YIN Wen. Synergistic Effects of Wide-Narrow Row and Density Enhancement on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Resource Utilization of Maize in Oasis Irrigation Areas[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 278-291.

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References 35

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行距 Line spacing	种植密度 Planting density	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)			生物量 Biomass (kg·hm^-2)			收获指数 Harvest index
行距 Line spacing	种植密度 Planting density	2019	2020	2021	2019	2020	2021	2019	2020	2021
L1	D1	14300d	13179e	14426d	34449c	35579b	35847b	0.416c	0.370e	0.404e
	D2	15031bc	14886ab	15706b	36162b	35726b	35944b	0.417c	0.417b	0.437b
	D3	16198a	15150a	16458a	37163a	35965b	37398a	0.436ab	0.421ab	0.440a
	D4	13744e	14226c	14684d	37009a	36262a	36636ab	0.371e	0.393d	0.401e
L2	D1	13143f	13641d	14061e	32009e	32010d	32010e	0.411c	0.428a	0.441b
	D2	14473cd	14589b	15257bc	34597c	33871c	34734c	0.419c	0.431a	0.440a
	D3	15392b	14665b	15780b	36040b	36146a	35507b	0.427b	0.406c	0.445a
	D4	14036d	13450d	14430d	34610c	35011b	34810c	0.406d	0.385d	0.415cd
L3	D1	12072g	13588d	13471f	30873f	33291c	33582d	0.391de	0.408c	0.402e
	D2	14759c	13833cd	15011c	32667e	33338c	33836d	0.452a	0.417b	0.444a
	D3	13852e	13661d	14444d	33201d	31790e	34162c	0.418c	0.432a	0.423c
	D4	12423g	13055e	13376f	33251d	36123a	34687c	0.406d	0.385d	0.415cd
显著性 Significance (P)
行距 Line spacing (L)		0	0	0	0	0.006	0.001	0.637	0.359	0.053
种植密度 Planting density (D)		0	0	0	0.002	0.054	0.015	0	0.001	0.001
L×D		0.002	0	0.007	0.056	0.061	0.045	0.040	0.030	0.566

Synergistic Effects of Wide-Narrow Row and Density Enhancement on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Resource Utilization of Maize in Oasis Irrigation Areas

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