Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (22): 4529-4538.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.22.013

• STORAGE·FRESH-KEEPING·PROCESSING • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Quantitative Analysis of T2 Peak Area and the MRI Images of Japonica Rice with Different Moisture Contents

SONG Wei, LI Dong-shen, QIAO Lin, SU An-xiang, HU Wan-jun   

  1. College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023
  • Received:2015-05-18 Online:2015-11-16 Published:2015-11-16

RichHTML

2

PDF

743

Abstract: 【Objective】Moisture content is one of the main factors that influence the storage and drying of japonica rice, this study is mainly to discuss the mathematical relationship between the signal per mass and moisture content of japonica rice by extracting the MRI image grey value and fitting the mathematical equation of grey and moisture content which provide a new way for rapid moisture determination of japonica rice. 【Method】 The japonica rice moisture content was adjusted to 14.963%, 15.830%, 16.232%, 16.299%, 18.340%, 19.581%, 20.707%, 22.290%, and 24.259%, while data collection of japonica rice with different moisture content after equilibrium moisture content was based on low field NMR technology (LF-NMR). The qualitative inversion and imaging of the data was applied in low field NMR CONTIN program, and fitting the mathematical relationship between the moisture content and the peak of T21,T22 of Japonica rice. Acquiring the data of grey value of MRI image of japonica with different moisture contents by using MATLAB software, fitting the equation of grey value and moisture content, and explore the inner relationship of LF-NMR data and moisture content. 【Result】 Experimental research shows that, different inversion peak of japonica rice with different containing moisture of peak time is relatively stable, but with the increasing of moisture content, japonica rice moisture protons of degrees of freedom is increasing, and peak time slightly increases. To obtain the fitting equation of moisture content and low-field nuclear magnetic inversion peak T21 area by using the linear fitting method. The equation is y=0.0013x-2.0938 (r2=0.9984, P<0.01). The T22 peak of japonica rice which less than 16% is not appear. When japonica rice with higher moisture content, T22 peak area increases with the increase of moisture content, and has a significant correlation. The fitting equation is y=0.0082x+16.074 (r2=0.9817). The peak area of T23 decreased with the increase of moisture content in japonica rice. When the moisture content of Japonica rice increased, the average gray value image is decreasing. The average gray value of the image was analyzed and the regression equation was obtained which is y=-2.251x+42.712 (r2=0.861). The gray data of the image was collected, analyzed and built by R2014a MATLAB. We find that the low moisture content of gray level is higher than the high moisture content of gray level. However, under the same gray level, pixel gray of japonica rice with high moisture content appear frequency is higher than low moisture content of japonica rice, reflecting proton density and signal intensity of japonica rice with high moisture content is more uniform than the japonica rice with low moisture content which is proved that the distribution of moisture in japonica rice is not uniform when the moisture is too low. Combined with MRI images, the moisture of the rice was mainly concentrated in the embryo and back of the japonica rice, the high moisture content of japonica rice overall proton density and proton signal intensity is uniform and low moisture content of japonica rice of proton density and proton signals of uniform strength is poor. It is proved that the low moisture content of rice internal moisture distribution inhomogeneity, combined with MRI image shows low moisture content of japonica rice’s moisture mainly concentrated in the embryo and back, and high moisture content of japonica’s internal moisture distribution is more uniform. 【Conclusion】It has a high correlation between moisture contents and LF-NMR data of japonica rice. Rapid detection of moisture content of japonica rice and moisture distribution can be used LF-NMR technology, with japonica rice MRI image we can have a direct observation of Japonica rice moisture status.

Key words: japonica rice, LF-NMR, moisture content, peak area, grey level, storage

[1]    陈银基, 陈霞, 蒋伟鑫, 董文, 陈兆波, 戴炳业. 60Co-γ 辐照处理对低温储藏糙米品质及微结构的影响. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(11): 2214-2223.
Chen Y J, Chen X, Jiang W X, Dong W, Chen Z B, Dai B Y. Effect of 60Co Gamma Irradiation on Quality and Microstructure of Storage Brown Rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(11): 2214-2223. (in Chinese)
[2]    王若兰. 粮油储藏学. 北京: 中国轻工业出版社, 2009.
Wang R L. Study of Grain and Oil Storage. Beijing: China Light Industry Press, 2009. (in Chinese)
[3]    邱隆清, 张懿, 谢晓明. 基于高温超导SQUID的低场核磁共振研究. 低温与超导, 2008, 36(11): 29-33.
Qiu L Q, Zhang Y, Xie X M. High-Tc SQUID based low-field   NMR. Cryogenics and Superconductivity, 2008, 36(11): 29-33. (in Chinese)
[4]    姜潮, 韩剑众. 基于低场核磁共振技术的大米品种快速鉴别. 食品工业科技, 2012, 33(6): 64-66.
Jiang C, Han J Z. Rapid discrimination method of varieties of rice by using LF-NMR technology. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2012, 33(6): 64-66. (in Chinese)
[5]    邵小龙, 张蓝月, 冯所兰. 低场核磁技术检测芝麻油掺假. 食品科学, 2014, 35(20): 110-113.
Shao X L, Zhang L Y, Feng S L. Application of LF-NMR for detection of sesame oil adulteration. Food Science, 2014, 35(20): 110-113. (in Chinese)
[6]    姜潮, 韩剑众, 范佳利, 田师一. 低场核磁共振结合主成分分析法快速检测掺假牛乳. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(9): 340-344.
Jiang C, Han J Z, Fan J L, Tian S Y. Rapid detection of adulterated milk by low field-nuclear magnetic resonance coupled with PCA method. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010, 26(9): 340-344. (in Chinese)
[7]    Preto M S M, Tavares M I B, Sebastião P J O, Azeredo, R. B. V. Determination of herb authenticity by low-field NMR. Food chemistry, 2013, 136(3): 1272-1276.
[8]    Ribeiro R O R, Mársico E T, da Silva Carneiro C, Monteiro, M L G, Júnior C C, & de Jesus E F O. Detection of honey adulteration of high fructose corn syrup by low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF 1 H NMR). Journal of Food Engineering, 2014, 135: 39-43.
[9]    张绪坤, 祝树森, 黄俭花, 徐刚, 徐建国, 李华栋. 用低场核磁分析胡萝卜切片干燥过程的内部水分变化. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(22): 282-287.
Zhang X K, Zhu S S, Huang J H, Xu G, Xu J G, Li H D. Analysis on internal moisture changes of carrot slices during drying process using low-field NMR. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(22): 282-287. (in Chinese)
[10]   Micklander E, Thybo A K, van den Berg F. Changes occurring in potatoes during cooking and reheating as affected by salting and cool or frozen storage–a LF-NMR study. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2008, 41(9): 1710-1719.
[11]   Hills B P, Le Floc'h G. NMR studies of non-freezing water in cellular plant tissue. Food Chemistry, 1994, 51(3): 331-336.
[12]   Mortensen M, Thybo A K, Bertram H C, Andersen H J, Engelsen S B. Cooking effects on water distribution in potatoes using nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005, 53(15): 5976-5981.
[13]   Tang H R, Brun A, Hills B. A proton NMR relaxation study of the gelatinisation and acid hydrolysis of native potato starch. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2001, 46(1): 7-18.
[14]   Belton P S, Jackson R R, Packer K J. Pulsed NMR studies of water in striated muscle: I. Transverse nuclear spin relaxation times and freezing effects. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1972, 286(1): 16-25.
[15]   Bertram H C, Karlsson A H, Rasmussen M, Pedersen O D, Dønstrup S, Andersen H J. Origin of multiexponential T 2 relaxation in muscle myowater. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2001, 49(6): 3092-3100.
[16]   Otero L, Prestamo G. Effects of pressure processing on strawberry studied by nuclear magnetic resonance. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 2009, 10(4): 434-440.
[17]   Ciampa A, Dell’Abate M T, Masetti O, Valentini M, Sequi P. Seasonal chemical–physical changes of PGI Pachino cherry tomatoes detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Food Chemistry, 2010, 122(4): 1253-1260.
[18]   Pearce K L, Rosenvold K, Andersen H J, Hopkins D L. Water distribution and mobility in meat during the conversion of muscle to meat and ageing and the impacts on fresh meat quality attributes-a review. Meat Science, 2011, 89(2): 111-124.
[19]   夏天兰, 刘登勇, 徐幸莲, 周光宏, 邵俊花. 低场核磁共振技术在肉与肉制品水分测定及其相关品质特性中的应用. 食品科学, 2012, 32(21): 253-256.
Xia T L, Liu D Y, Xu X L, Zhou G H, Shao J H. Application of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance in determining water contents and other related quality characteristics of meat and meat products: A review. Food Science, 2012, 32(21): 253-256. (in Chinese)
[20]   王永巍, 王欣, 刘宝林, 史然, 杨培强. 低场核磁共振技术检测煎炸油品质. 食品科学, 2012, 33(6): 171-175.
Wang Y W, Wang X, Liu B L, Shi R, Yang P Q. Application of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) to analyze frying oil quality. Food Science, 2012, 33(6): 171-175. (in Chinese)
[21]   张瑜, 刘睿杰, 金青哲, 王兴国. 低场核磁共振技术检测大豆煎炸油品质的研究. 中国粮油学报, 2014, 29(9): 115-119.
Zhang Y, Liu R J, Jin Q Z, Wang X G. Application of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance to analyze frying soybean oil quality. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2014, 29(9): 115-119. (in Chinese)
[22]   Hein M, Henning H, Isengard H D. Determination of total polar parts with new methods for the quality survey of frying fats and oils. Talanta, 1998, 47(2): 447-454.
[23]   Belton P. Spectroscopic approaches to the understanding of water in foods. Food reviews international, 2011, 27(2): 170-191.
[24]   汪东风. 食品化学. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2007.
Wang D F. Food Chemistry. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2007. (in Chinese)
[25]   Marcone M F, Wang S N, Albabish W, Nie S P, Somnarain D, Hill A. Diverse food-based applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. Food Research International, 2013, 51(2): 729-747.
[26]   Butz P, Hofmann C, Tauscher B. Recent developments in noninvasive techniques for fresh fruit and vegetable internal quality analysis. Journal of Food Science, 2005, 70(9): 131-141.
[1] CUI JieHao, ZHANG Meng, WANG Qin, YU JiaYan, LIN Kun, LI ShangZe, LAN Heng, GENG YanQiu, ZHANG Qiang, GUO LiYing, SHAO XiWen. Evaluation of Lodging Resistance and Its Physiological Mechanisms in Japonica Rice Resources [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1420-1438.
[2] SU YiFan, YANG ZhanXu, WANG Di, MAO JunCheng, WEI MengMeng, CHEN Ze, BAI XinRan, CHU TianGe, MA ChangNing, QIAO MingFei, SUN Quan, HU DaGang. Effects of 2, 4-Epibrassinolide on Postharvest Storage Quality and Physiological Performance of Apple [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1536-1551.
[3] CHU TianShuo, CHEN XiaoAn, ZHU JinJin, WANG Ce, LOU Wei. Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Growth, Yield and Quality of Gannan Navel Orange During Critical Fertility Period [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(24): 5247-5258.
[4] DU TaiFeng, ZHOU YuanYuan, QIN Zhen, LI AiXian, WANG QingMei, ZHANG LiMing, HOU FuYun. Exogenous Brassinolide Alleviates the Inhibitory Effect of SPVD on Sweet Potato Storage Roots Germination [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(22): 4628-4637.
[5] ZHOU Yu, SUN Tong, ZHANG YanHong, RU Yan, SU Tan, WANG Shuai, ZHU JinYan, HU JinLong, XIONG QiangQiang, ZHANG HongCheng, ZHOU NianBing. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization Levels on Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen Uptake in Different Source and Library Types of Japonica Rice [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(11): 2096-2117.
[6] HOU Shuai, ZHANG YiJia, ZHOU DanDan, MA FeiYang, WANG DaPeng, ZHAO SiQi, DING Chao, LIU Qiang. Analysis of the Effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Cold Plasma on Phenolic Metabolism of Stored Paddy Rice Under High Temperature Stress [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(6): 1180-1190.
[7] LIU ShuiMiao, GUAN XiaoKang, ZHAO ZhiHeng, WANG JingHui, LIU ShiLong, GAO PeiMeng, WANG YanLi, WU PengNian, GAO ChenKai, LI YuMing, SHAO Jing, YU HaoLin, WANG TongChao, WEN PengFei. Residual Effects of Tillage Regime on Soil Moisture Dynamics, Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield of Summer Maize in Wheat-Maize Double Cropping System [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(18): 3568-3585.
[8] GUO RongBo, LI GuoDong, PAN MengYu, ZHENG XianFeng, WANG ZhaoHui, HE Gang. Effects of Long-Term Straw Return and Nitrogen Application Rate on Organic Carbon Storage, Components and Aggregates in Cultivated Layers [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(20): 4035-4048.
[9] HOU LiangYu, ZHANG ZhenTao, HUANG ZhaoFu, LI LuLu, GUO YaNan, MING Bo, XIE RuiZhi, HOU Peng, XUE Jun, WANG KeRu, LI ShaoKun. Reforming the Cropping System to Achieve Maize Mechanical Grain Harvesting in Northern Huang-Huai-Hai Area of China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(19): 3788-3798.
[10] SONG ZhiZhong, WANG JianPing, SHI ShengPeng, CAO JingWen, LIU WanHao, XU WeiHua, XIAO HuiLin, TANG MeiLing. Identification and Cloning of Ferritin Family Genes in Grape and Response to Compound Amino Acid-Iron Spraying During Different Fruit Developmental Stages [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(18): 3629-3641.
[11] LI Jing, QIAN Chen, LIN GuoBing, WANG Long, LI YiYang, ZHENG JingDong, YOU JingJing, LENG SuoHu, ZUO QingSong. Studies on the Suitable Nitrogen Supply Level of Rapeseed Blanket Seedling for Mechanized Transplanting [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(16): 3100-3109.
[12] LI Jin, REN LiJun, LI XiaoYu, BI RunXue, JIN XinXin, YU Na, ZHANG YuLing, ZOU HongTao, ZHANG YuLong. Effects of Different Straw Returning Patterns on Soil CO2 Emission and Carbon Balance in Maize Field [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(14): 2738-2750.
[13] YU Ru, SONG JiaShen, ZHANG HongYuan, CHANG FangDi, WANG YongQing, WANG XiQuan, WANG Jing, WANG WeiNi, LI YuYi. Effects of Straw Interlayer Combined with Spring Irrigation on Saline- Alkali Soil Respiration and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Hetao Irrigation District [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(12): 2341-2353.
[14] LÜ XinNing,WANG Yue,JIA RunPu,WANG ShengNan,YAO YuXin. Effects of Melatonin Treatment on Quality of Stored Shine Muscat Grapes Under Different Storage Temperatures [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(7): 1411-1422.
[15] PENG Xue,GAO YueXia,ZHANG LinXuan,GAO ZhiQiang,REN YaMei. Effects of High-Energy Electron Beam Irradiation on Potato Storage Quality and Bud Eye Cell Ultrastructure [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(7): 1423-1432.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备09089781号-30
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Scientia Agricultura Sinica
Tel: 86-010-82106279    E-mail: zgnykx@mail.caas.net.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd