黄土高塬沟壑区植被恢复对沟头土壤团聚体特征及土壤可蚀性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.16.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Gully head was the most active geomorphic part in gully region of the Loess Plateau, which was related to the soil erosion of the entire slope gully system. This research aimed at evaluating the effects of vegetation restoration on soil aggregate characteristics and soil erodibility of gully heads in gully region of the Loess Plateau. The research results could provide a scientific basis for regional ecological environment restoration and soil and water conservation benefit evaluation. 【Method】 With the farmland as control check, an investigation about soil aggregate characteristics and soil erodibility of different soil layers (0-10, 10-25, 25-40 cm) with different natural vegetation restoration ages (0-30 a) of gully heads was carried out. The aggregates amount, water-stable aggregate content (WR_0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), destruction rate (PAD) and fractal dimension (D) were examined by dry and wet sieving methods. Soil mechanical composition and organic matter content were determined which were used for calculating soil erodibility factor K. 【Result】 (1) WR_0.25, MWD and GMD of vegetation gully heads increased by 11.49%- 84.43%, 0.18-2.05 times, and 7.53%-108.62%, respectively, compared with the CK (farmland of gully heads). These three indicators linear increased with vegetation restoration years increasing (P<0.01), and decreased with the increase of soil depth; (2) PAD and D of soil aggregate of vegetation gully heads decreased with linear increase of vegetation restoration time (P<0.01), which was 3.81%-32.14% and 0.55%-6.63% lower than that of CK, respectively. Both of them increased with the increase of soil layer; (3) K decreased linearly with the increase of vegetation restoration period (P<0.01), which was 5.43%-14.44% lower than that of CK, and K increased with the increase of soil depth.【Conclusion】The increase of organic matter content under vegetation restoration conditions played an important role in the formation and stability of aggregate. The decrease of soil erodibility of gully heads was closely related to the increase of water-stable aggregate content and stability of aggregate. Under natural recovery conditions, soil aggregate stability and soil anti-erodibility of gully heads were significantly improved during the restoration period of 22-30 a.

Key words: soil aggregate, soil erodibility, vegetation restoration, gully head, gully region of the Loess Plateau

WANG WenXin,WANG WenLong,GUO MingMing,WANG TianChao,KANG HongLiang,YANG Bo,ZHAO Man,CHEN ZhuoXin. Effects of Natural Vegetation Restoration on Characteristics of Soil Aggregate and Soil Erodibility of Gully Heads in Gully Region of the Loess Plateau[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(16): 2845-2857.

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References 45

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样地编号 Site code	恢复年限 Restoration age (a)	优势种群落 Dominant species	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	海拔 Altitude (m)	植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%)
CK	0	玉米 Zea mays	2	N66°E	1301	-
			2	S	1275	-
			3	N52°E	1358	-
NR3	3	猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia	2	S30°W	1360	45
			3	S30°E	1323	46
			4	S36°W	1351	44
NR8	8	冰草+铁杆蒿 Agropyron cristatum+Artemisia sacrorum	4	S41°W	1269	55
			5	S48°E	1303	55
			5	E	1271	58
NR15	15	铁杆蒿 Artemisia sacrorum	3	N62°E	1267	63
			4	N49°E	1272	64
			5	S	1289	61
NR22	22	铁杆蒿+白羊草 Artemisia sacrorum+Bothriochloa ischaemum	6	S43°E	1343	72
			6	S25°W	1278	76
			7	S	1302	78
NR30	30	白羊草 Bothriochloa ischaemum	3	E	1262	83
			4	S	1272	75
			5	S51°E	1265	76

样地编号 Site code	土层Soil layer (cm)	WR_0.25 (%)	MWD (mm)	GMD (mm)
CK	0—10	28.194±2.239Da	0.442±0.037Da	0.210±0.010Ea
	10—25	26.410±1.248Dab	0.374±0.014Cb	0.196±0.002Da
	25—40	22.910±0.304Db	0.311±0.005Dc	0.181±0.001Db
	0—40	25.838±2.653D	0.376±0.058E	0.196±0.013E
NR3	0—10	32.519±2.440Da	0.520±0.043Da	0.230±0.013DEa
	10—25	29.335±0.735Da	0.460±0.018Ca	0.213±0.004Da
	25—40	24.757±0.421Db	0.352±0.017Db	0.189±0.002Db
	0—40	28.870±3.518D	0.444±0.075E	0.211±0.019E
NR8	0—10	38.078±2.010Ca	0.674±0.060Ca	0.271±0.016Da
	10—25	35.183±1.727Ca	0.625±0.050Bab	0.255±0.013Cab
	25—40	30.944±0.983Cb	0.539±0.003Cb	0.230±0.003Cb
	0—40	34.735±3.353C	0.613±0.072D	0.252±0.021D
NR15	0—10	44.081±1.227Ca	0.784±0.012Ca	0.315±0.005Ca
	10—25	40.119±1.705Bb	0.694±0.037Bb	0.285±0.012Cb
	25—40	37.946±1.326Bb	0.651±0.028Bb	0.269±0.008Bb
	0—40	40.715±2.917B	0.710±0.062C	0.290±0.021C
NR22	0—10	48.641±2.158ABa	1.139±0.072Ba	0.412±0.024Ba
	10—25	46.441±2.370Aa	1.061±0.079Aab	0.382±0.023Ba
	25—40	39.771±1.237ABb	0.877±0.082Ab	0.316±0.021Ab
	0—40	44.951±4.261A	1.026±0.135B	0.370±0.046B
NR30	0—10	52.439±2.424Aa	1.312±0.064Aa	0.477±0.035Aa
	10—25	49.297±1.889Aa	1.168±0.081Aa	0.419±0.028Aa
	25—40	41.383±1.247Ab	0.952±0.053Ab	0.336±0.016Ab
	0—40	47.706±5.030A	1.144±0.162A	0.411±0.064A

样地编号 Site code	土层 Soil layer (cm)	黏粒含量CLA Clay content (%)	粉粒含量SIL Silt content (%)	砂粒含量SAN Sand content (%)	有机质含量SOM Soil organic matter content (%)
CK	0—10	17.95±0.38BCa	64.40±1.00ABb	17.66±0.75BCa	0.81±0.04Da
	10—25	16.44±0.45Cab	65.77±0.35Bab	17.78±0.70Aa	0.77±0.01Ea
	25—40	14.98±1.49Cb	66.76±1.06Ba	18.26±1.84Aa	0.56±0.05Ab
	0—40	16.46±1.52C	65.65±1.30C	17.90±1.24A	0.72±0.12F
NR3	0—10	20.11±1.73ABa	66.33±0.95ABab	13.56±0.94Ca	1.00±0.27Da
	10—25	19.70±0.99ABa	65.63±0.37Bb	14.67±0.62Ba	1.02±0.05Da
	25—40	18.05±0.50Ba	67.50±0.36Ba	14.46±0.80Ba	0.79±0.12Ba
	0—40	19.28±1.49B	66.49±0.99ABC	14.23±0.93CD	0.94±0.20E
NR8	0—10	17.93±0.45BCa	65.99±1.08ABa	16.08±0.91BCa	1.52±0.03Ca
	10—25	19.40±1.31Ba	66.83±0.51ABa	13.77±1.66BCa	1.21±0.03Cb
	25—40	18.62±0.21Ba	67.62±0.59Ba	13.76±0.54BCa	1.09±0.04Cc
	0—40	18.65±1.01B	66.81±1.02AB	14.54±1.58BC	1.27±0.19D
NR15	0—10	20.43±1.15Aa	63.91±0.49Bc	15.66±1.46BCa	1.76±0.10Ca
	10—25	21.96±0.38Aa	65.95±0.26Bb	12.09±0.32Cb	1.26±0.08Cb
	25—40	21.51±2.32Aa	67.26±0.63Ba	11.24±1.99CDb	1.15±0.04Cb
	0—40	21.30±1.64A	65.71±1.46BC	13.00±2.39D	1.39±0.28C
NR22	0—10	17.85±0.41Ca	66.52±0.98Ab	15.64±0.69BCa	2.20±0.11Ba
	10—25	19.59±1.99ABa	65.83±1.79Bb	14.58±1.12Ba	1.82±0.15Bb
	25—40	20.63±0.48ABa	69.97±0.56Aa	9.40±0.56Db	1.19±0.00Cc
	0—40	19.36±1.66B	67.44±2.19A	13.21±2.85CD	1.73±0.43B
NR30	0—10	14.05±0.81Dc	64.49±1.47ABb	21.46±2.23Aa	3.06±0.24Aa
	10—25	16.19±0.18Cb	67.90±0.59Aa	15.91±0.74ABb	2.09±0.11Ab
	25—40	21.65±1.06Aa	68.46±1.26ABa	9.89±0.22Dc	1.33±0.03Dc
	0—40	17.30±3.29C	66.96±2.11A	15.75±4.92B	2.16±0.72A

指标 Index	WR_0.25	MWD	GMD	PAD	D	CLA	SIL	SAN	SOM	K
WR_0.25	1
MWD	0.970^**	1
GMD	0.969^**	0.994^**	1
PAD	-0.907^**	-0.851^**	-0.873^**	1
D	-0.972^**	-0.999^**	-0.997^**	0.860^**	1
CLA	0.042	-0.078	-0.142	0.088	0.097	1
SIL	-0.050	0.055	-0.018	0.377	-0.030	0.252	1
SAN	-0.007	0.031	0.116	-0.254	-0.058	-0.876^**	-0.687^**	1
SOM	0.917^**	0.919^**	0.946^**	-0.903^**	-0.929^**	-0.278	-0.237	0.326	1
K	-0.961^**	-0.940^**	-0.933^**	0.838^**	0.940^**	-0.155	-0.041	0.137	-0.885^**	1

Effects of Natural Vegetation Restoration on Characteristics of Soil Aggregate and Soil Erodibility of Gully Heads in Gully Region of the Loess Plateau

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