不同带状间作模式对棉花生长发育和生产力的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.22.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】By analyzing the effects of different strip intercropping patterns on cotton biomass accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic performance and yield, the potential mechanism of cotton yield increase and efficiency under different strip intercropping patterns was explored, so the optimum cotton strip intercropping planting pattern suitable for the Yangtze River basin was proposed. 【Method】A two-point field experiment was conducted with monocropping cotton (MC) as the control, and three intercropping patterns of cotton-sweet potato (CS), cotton-bean (CB) and cotton-melon (CM) were set up, while two strip configurations were as follows: 3:3 and 4:2. The effects of different strip intercropping patterns on biomass accumulation, organ distribution, light and performance and yield of cotton were analyzed, and the ratio of cotton to soil equivalent and economic benefit under different strip intercropping patterns were calculated and compared. 【Result】Compared with MC, The average seed cotton yield and lint cotton yield under strip intercropping patterns in two field trials were significantly increased. Among them, compared with cotton intercropping with sweet potato and cotton intercropping with melon, the cotton intercropping with bean had the most significant advantage in cotton yield. and the yield of CB 3:3 pattern seed cotton was 23.20% and 32.46% higher than MC, respectively; compared with MC, the yield of lint was increased by 26.43% and 32.53%, respectively; the main reason was that the number of bolls per plant was 26.58 and 24.43, respectively, which were significantly increased by 22.21% and 28.85% compared with that of single cropping. The boll weight of cotton intercropping with sweet potato CS 4:2 in Hengyang was 3.01% lower than MC. At full boll period, the biomass accumulation of cotton plant was higher than MC, and the proportion of reproductive organs allocation was significantly higher than that of stem and leaf, the proportion of reproductive organs in each intercropping pattern in Hengyang was more than 50%. From full squaring period to boll opening period, the leaf area index of all treatments showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Compared with MC, the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of cotton plants were significantly increased under each intercropping pattern at full boll period. Among them, the cotton intercropping with beans at two field trials was the most advantageous. The net photosynthetic rate was 6.25%-6.29% and 2.85%-2.90% higher than MC, respectively, so it could effectively improve the photosynthetic performance of cotton plant and finally achieve yield increase. Under different strip intercropping patterns, the total economic benefit of cotton field in the two field trials increased by 1.24-2.70 times and 1.42-3.09 times, respectively, compared with MC. From the point of view of partial land equivalent ratio of cotton, except CS 4:2 pattern in Changsha, the other strip intercropping pattern in two field trials showed the advantage of intercropping yield. 【Conclusion】The increase of yield in different strip intercropping patterns was mainly achieved through the improvement of biomass accumulation, assimilate allocation and photosynthetic performance. The best performance was cotton intercropping with sweet potato CS 3:3 pattern, which ensured higher yield and intercropping advantages, and was suitable for spreading planting in the Yangtze River basin.

Key words: cotton, strip intercropping pattern, yield, biomass accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic performance, economic benefit

ZHANG YongLi, ZHANG Ning, XU Jiao, XU DouDou, CHENG Fang, ZHANG ChengLong, WU BiBo, GONG YangCang, HE YunXin, WEI ShangZhi, TU XiaoJu, LIU AiYu, ZHOU ZhongHua. Effects of Different Strip Intercropping Patterns on the Growth and Productivity in Cotton[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(22): 4444-4458.

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地点 Position	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium (g·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)
长沙 Changsha	2.04	0.66	21.68	32.84
衡阳 Hengyang	1.86	0.64	21.87	31.66

地点 Position	带状间作模式 Strip intercropping pattern	单株成铃数 Boll number per plant	铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield （kg·hm^-2）	皮棉产量 Lint yield （kg·hm^-2）
长沙 Changsha	CS 3﹕3	24.55ab	5.22ab	35.36a	6312.55ab	2231.94ab
	CS 4﹕2	20.20c	5.42a	34.60a	5381.70c	1862.09c
	CB 3﹕3	26.58a	5.18ab	35.63a	6818.79a	2427.73a
	CB 4﹕2	24.33ab	5.14ab	34.75a	6148.69abc	2134.48abc
	CM 3﹕3	22.95bc	5.00b	34.21a	5678.12bc	1943.00bc
	CM 4﹕2	22.73bc	5.00b	35.78a	5625.37bc	2007.60bc
	MC	21.75bc	5.14ab	34.56a	5542.68bc	1920.26bc
衡阳 Hengyang	CS 3﹕3	21.88abc	5.14ab	34.92a	5567.99abc	1944.08abc
	CS 4﹕2	19.73c	4.99b	36.13a	4875.20c	1766.12bc
	CB 3﹕3	24.43a	5.28a	35.18a	6391.82a	2248.60a
	CB 4﹕2	22.89ab	5.22ab	35.20a	5925.00ab	2085.18ab
	CM 3﹕3	20.91bc	5.23ab	34.52a	5422.06bc	1871.35bc
	CM 4﹕2	21.13bc	5.33a	34.54a	5594.30abc	1933.66abc
	MC	18.96c	5.14ab	35.16a	4825.45c	1696.67c

地点 Position	带状间作模式 Strip intercropping pattern	盛蕾期 Full squaring period	盛花期 Full flowering period	盛铃期 Full boll-setting period	吐絮期 Boll opening period
长沙 Changsha	CS 3﹕3	1.68ab	4.68a	5.28ab	4.31ab
	CS 4﹕2	1.60ab	4.55ab	4.97b	4.22ab
	CB 3﹕3	1.69ab	4.16b	5.32ab	4.37ab
	CB 4﹕2	1.36b	4.27ab	5.60a	4.65a
	CM 3﹕3	2.06a	4.57a	5.24ab	3.91b
	CM 4﹕2	1.86ab	4.38ab	5.09ab	4.44ab
	MC	1.36b	4.33ab	4.35c	4.61a
衡阳 Hengyang	CS 3﹕3	1.46a	2.80b	4.04ab	3.38ab
	CS 4﹕2	1.76a	3.35ab	3.95ab	3.62a
	CB 3﹕3	1.69a	3.53a	4.14ab	3.70a
	CB 4﹕2	1.67a	3.03ab	4.17a	3.39ab
	CM 3﹕3	1.49a	3.01ab	3.68ab	3.06b
	CM 4﹕2	1.70a	3.27ab	4.06ab	3.55ab
	MC	1.64a	3.48a	3.64b	3.82a

地点 Position	带状间作模式 Strip intercropping pattern	配对作物产量 Paired crop yield (kg·hm^-2)	总经济效益(元/hm²) Total economic (yuan·hm^-2)	棉花的偏土地当量比 PLER—C	PLER—C比F_C的增幅（%）
长沙 Changsha	CS 3﹕3	34650	163853	0.58	16.00%
	CS 4﹕2	32614	159162	0.65	-2.99%
	CB 3﹕3	12027	99439	0.66	32.00%
	CB 4﹕2	11362	100967	0.74	10.45%
	CM 3﹕3	25500	124712	0.56	12.00%
	CM 4﹕2	24900	129601	0.68	1.49%
	MC	—	44341	—	—
衡阳 Hengyang	CS 3﹕3	33868	157747	0.57	14.00%
	CS 4﹕2	32198	154794	0.68	1.49%
	CB 3﹕3	11744	96033	0.62	24.00%
	CB 4﹕2	10292	93356	0.82	22.39%
	CM 3﹕3	24876	121193	0.51	2.00%
	CM 4﹕2	22105	118258	0.78	16.42%
	MC	—	38603	—	—

Effects of Different Strip Intercropping Patterns on the Growth and Productivity in Cotton

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