橘小实蝇对不同品种苹果的选择偏好及适应性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.17.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the preference of Bactrocera dorsalis for fruits of six main Malus pumila varieties and to understand the effects of different varieties of M. pumila on the growth and development of B. dorsalis. 【Method】 Three early maturing varieties (Huashuo, Honglu, Gala) and three late maturing varieties (Duanzhifushi, Yanfu No. 3, Qincui) were used as test materials. The hardness and sugar content of M. pumila fruit were determined by hardness tester and a brix refractometer. Three types of fruit handling methods were employed: whole fruit, peeled fruit and fruit odor. Fruits of the same ripening batch of the same handling method were placed in rearing cages, to measure the numbers of visits and laid eggs by B. dorsalis on fruits of different varieties were determined. Feeding different varieties of fruits to the first hatching larvae, the growth and development parameters of larval duration, pupation rate, pupal weight and other parameters after feeding were determined. The selection preference and development adaptability of B. dorsalis to different varieties of M. pumila were analyzed. 【Result】 There were differences in the numbers of visits and laid eggs of B. dorsalis on different varieties of fruits. The female adults were more sensitive to different varieties and fruit handling methods. B. dorsalis preferred to choose Gala among whole fruits of the early maturing varieties, which had 9.0 female visits and 105.0 eggs per fruit, respectively. While among the late maturing varieties, B. dorsalis showed a stronger preference for Qincui, and the numbers of female visits and laid eggs on this variety reached to 5.5 and 64.2 eggs per fruit, respectively. The fruit handling methods influenced the selection preference of B. dorsalis. With the exception of Gala, the numbers of visits and laid eggs on peeled fruits were higher in different fruit handling methods of the same variety. Among the early maturing varieties, Huashuo had held the highest number of laid eggs on the peeled fruit, reached to 201.6 eggs per fruit, and among the late maturing varieties, Yanfu No. 3 had held the highest number of laid eggs on fruit odor, reached to 83.8 eggs per device. Two-way ANOVA found that variety and fruit handling method had an impact on the number of visits and laying eggs. Larvae of B. dorsalis had held the shortest period of 11.9 d in Gala and the shortest pupal stage in Huashuo of 9.9 d after feeding on different fruits. Pupation and emergence rates were higher in late maturing varieties. The difference in the age-stage-specific survival rate of the larvae that fed on different varieties was mainly in the 2nd instar stage, and the 2nd instar larvae which fed on Huashuo and Gala had held fastest development rate and peaked at the 3rd day. 【Conclusion】 There were differences in the selection preference of B. dorsalis on different M. pumila varieties. Gala was preferred in early maturing varieties, while Qincui was preferred in late maturing varieties. Fruit integrity and fruit odor had an effect on the selection preference. The numbers of visits and laid eggs on peeled fruit and fruit odor were generally higher than those on whole fruit. B. dorsalis can finish the growth and development of larvae on M. pumila fruit, and it has the ability to reproduce damage in apple orchards. The correlation between the preference of B. dorsalis for M. pumila fruit and the fitness of offspring’s growth and development is not strong, which is different from the hypothesis of “selectivity and fitness”. In the comprehensive management of B. dorsalis in apple orchards, the damage monitoring of Gala and Qincui varieties should be strengthened, and the damaged fruits should be avoided and removed in time in agricultural operations.

Key words: Bactrocera dorsalis, apple (Malus pumila), growth and development, selection preference, selective adaptability

LI XingXing, ZHOU GuoFu, LUO GuanYu, CHEN SiRong, ZHANG JinLong, CHEN GuoHua, ZHANG XiaoMing. Selection Preference and Adaptability of Bactrocera dorsalis to Different Varieties of Malus pumila[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(17): 3358-3371.

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品种<BOLD>V</BOLD>ariety	处理方式Handling method	雌虫访问数Number of female visits	雄虫访问数Number of male visits
红露 Honglu	完整果实Whole fruit	6.0±0.4cB	9.0±1.2aA
	去皮果实Peeled fruit	12.8±0.6aA*	4.7±0.7bA*
	果实气味Fruit smell	9.8±0.8bAB*	4.0±1.0bA*
华硕 Huashuo	完整果实Whole fruit	6.3±0.7bAB	6.0±0.6aA
	去皮果实Peeled fruit	11.8±1.0aA	9.0±1.7aA
	果实气味Fruit smell	11.7±0.3aA*	5.3±0.9aA*
嘎拉 Gala	完整果实Whole fruit	9.0±0.7aA	9.0±1.2aA
	去皮果实Peeled fruit	8.7±0.3aB	6.7±0.9aA
	果实气味Fruit odor	8.8±0.4aB	6.3±0.9aA

品种Variety	处理方式Handling method	雌虫访问数Number of female visits	雄虫访问数Number of male visits
短枝富士 Duanzhifushi	完整果实Whole fruit	3.4±0.5aA	4.3±0.8aA
	去皮果实Peeled fruit	6.0±0.7aA*	1.3±0.3aB*
	果实气味Fruit smell	2.8±0.6aB	3.5±0.3aA
烟富三号 Yanfu No. 3	完整果实Whole fruit	4.4±0.7aA	2.2±0.2aA
	去皮果实Peeled fruit	6.7±1.5aA	4.3±1.5aB
	果实气味Fruit smell	3.0±0.4aB	5.7±0.9aA
秦脆 Qincui	完整果实Whole fruit	5.5±1.2bA	3.0±0.6bA
	去皮果实Peeled fruit	9.7±1.2aA	11.3±0.7aA
	果实气味Fruit odor	5.7±0.7abA	5.2±0.7bA

成熟期 Ripening period	方差来源 Variance source	雌虫访问数 Number of female visits	雄虫访问数 Number of male visits
早熟 Early maturing variety	品种Variety	4.727*	1.466NS
	处理方式Handling method	36.273 **	5.352*
	品种×处理方式Variety×Handling method	9.773**	3.443*
晚熟 Late maturing variety	品种Variety	6.636**	14.725**
	处理方式Handling method	13.727**	8.549**
	品种×处理方式Variety×Handling method	0.481NS	15.431**

成熟期 Ripening period	方差来源 Variance source	平方和 Sum of squares	df	均方和 Mean squares	F	P	$ŋ^{2}_{P}$
早熟 Early maturing variety	品种Variety	10252.578	2	5126.289	28.617	<0.001	0.614
	处理方式Handling method	15303.644	2	7651.822	42.716	<0.001	0.704
	品种×处理方式Variety×Handling method	72720.622	4	18180.156	101.490	<0.001	0.919
	误差Error	6448.800	36	179.133
	总和Total	579251.000	45
晚熟 Late maturing variety	品种Variety	5487.244	2	2743.622	35.060	<0.001	0.661
	处理方式Handling method	11354.311	2	5677.156	72.546	<0.001	0.801
	品种×处理方式Variety×Handling method	3097.156	4	774.289	9.894	<0.001	0.524
	误差Error	2817.200	36	78.256
	总和Total	184996.000	45

品种 Variety	幼虫历期 Larval duration (d)	化蛹率 Pupation rate (%)	蛹重 Pupal weight (mg)	蛹期 Pupal duration (d)	羽化率 Emergence rate (%)
红露Honglu	12.6±0.3ab	70.0±8.8a	11.4±0.3b	10.1±0.1c	85.9±6.4ab
华硕Huashuo	12.1±0.3b	78.3±1.7a	12.4±0.3ab	9.9±0.1c	91.3±3.7ab
嘎拉Gala	11.9±0.3b	71.3±6.6a	11.8±0.3b	10.0±0.1c	80.8±5.9b
短枝富士Duanzhifushi	13.1±0.3a	76.0±2.0a	11.6±0.2b	12.2±0.1b	100.0±0a
烟富三号Yanfu No. 3	12.1±0.2ab	79.2±1.7a	12.9±0.2a	12.9±0.2a	97.4±1.5ab
秦脆Qincui	12.6±0.2ab	85.9±2.1a	12.0±0.2ab	12.7±0.1ab	98.7±1.3a

Selection Preference and Adaptability of Bactrocera dorsalis to Different Varieties of Malus pumila

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	硬度Hardness	糖度 Sugar content	雌虫访问数 Number of female adult visits	雄虫访问数 Number of male adult visits	诱卵数 Number of eggs	幼虫历期 Larval duration	化蛹率 Pupation rate	蛹重 Pupal weight	蛹期 Pupal duration	羽化率 Emergence rate
硬度Hardness		0.000	0.014	0.037	0.011	0.035	0.003	0.246	<0.001	<0.001
糖度Sugar content	0.676**		0.001	0.081	<0.001	0.001	0.068	0.960	<0.001	<0.001
雌虫访问数 Number of female adult visits	-0.494*	-0.634**		0.592	0.001	0.400	0.333	0.297	0.005	0.046
雄虫访问数 Number of male adult visits	-0.427*	-0.363	0.115		0.032	0.064	0.245	0.024	0.039	0.050
诱卵数Number of eggs	-0.512*	-0.810**	0.623**	0.438*		0.222	0.067	0.121	0.002	0.002
幼虫历期Larval duration	0.433*	0.653**	-0.180	-0.385	-0.259		0.475	0.293	0.096	0.076
化蛹率Pupation rate	0.582**	0.378	-0.206	-0.247	-0.381	0.153		0.968	0.025	0.001
蛹重Pupal weight	0.248	0.011	-0.222	-0.459*	-0.325	-0.224	-0.009		0.131	0.987
蛹期Pupal duration	0.928**	0.681**	-0.556**	-0.424*	-0.606**	0.347	0.457*	0.317		0.001
羽化率Emergence rate	0.670**	0.665**	-0.411*	-0.404	-0.598**	0.370	0.631**	-0.004	0.646**

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