中国耕地种植制度遥感探测及其时空特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.08.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Cropping systems of cropland are the concrete embodiment of the mode of agricultural production, which reflect the coupled human-environment interactions. The formation is affected by natural resource elements and human land use behavior. This study aims to scientifically understand the spatial-temporal pattern of cropping systems, which helps to optimize agricultural distribution, improve agricultural production capacity, and realize the sustainable agriculture. 【Method】This study combined remote sensing monitoring with spatial decision tree models and other means to construct an inter-annual detection method system for cropping systems, which is designed for Chinese agricultural conditions, and then spatial pattern of cropping systems was analyzed. Firstly, the connotation of cropping systems was defined by identifying concepts such as cropping intensity, multiple cropping index, and considering of characteristics of “long-lasting” “periodicity” “stability”. Secondly, the indicators (i.e. continuity and frequency) were constructed, and were calculated at the pixel scale by the moving time window. Finally, the significance of the cropping intensity and characteristics of cropping system was evaluated. The decision tree method was also applied to determine the type of cropping systems, and the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of cropping systems in different regions was analyzed from the aspects of regional differences and dynamic laws. 【Result】 (1) Quantitatively, the largest area, 53.52%, is occupied by the single-cropping system, followed by the double-cropping system at 23.28%, the seasonal fallow system (i.e. 3 crops in 2 years) and the annual fallow system at 12.80% and 6.94%, respectively. (2) Spatially, the single-cropping system, double-cropping system, seasonal fallow system and annual fallow system are concentrated in Northeast China, North China, South of Yangtze River and “Sickle Bend” areas, respectively. (3) Temporally, it revealed the heterogeneity of cropping system and static multiple cropping index in the time dimension. For example, the regions with multiple cropping index of 1 in 2018 consist of 75.18% single-cropping system, 6.60% double-cropping system, 8.92% seasonal fallow system and 8.02% annual fallow system. 【Conclusion】This study proposed a method for mapping inter-annual cropping systems, combining remote sensing temporal monitoring and spatial decision tree models. It revealed the spatial pattern of cropping systems which is gathered by zone and cropping intensity is higher in the south and lower in the north. The Songnen Plain, “Sickle Bend” and other spatial gathering areas were intuitively displayed. Also, the differences between multi-cropping and cropping system were compared, which were mainly manifested in the spatial inconsistency between the cropping system and the annual multiple cropping index, as well as the periodicity of the cropping system. The results will provide case support for rationally increasing the cropland multi-cropping intensity and promoting the implementation of the “grain storage in the ground” strategy.

Key words: cropland, cropping system, multiple cropping, land fallow and crop rotation, inter-annual, spatial-temporal pattern

ZHANG SuXin, SHEN Ge, YU QiangYi, WU WenBin. Remote Sensing Detection of Cropping System and Its Spatial-Temporal Pattern in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(8): 1469-1489.

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References 46

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参照 Reference		比较 Comparison	2001—2021年种植制度 Cropping systems from 2001 to 2021
2001—2018年种植制度 Cropping systems from 2001 to 2018		比较 Comparison	组内 Group (%)	全局 Overall (%)
一年一熟 Single-cropping	56.64%	一年一熟-一年一熟Single-cropping and Single-cropping	97.79	55.39
		一年一熟-一年两熟Single-cropping and Double-cropping	0.55	0.31
		一年一熟-季节性休耕Single-cropping and Seasonal fallow	0.97	0.55
		一年一熟-年度休耕Single-cropping and Annual fallow	0.44	0.25
		一年一熟-未识别Single-cropping and Unknown	0.25	0.14
一年两熟 Double-cropping	25.36%	一年两熟-一年一熟Double-cropping and Single-cropping	1.01	0.26
		一年两熟-一年两熟Double-cropping and Double-cropping	95.95	24.33
		一年两熟-季节性休耕Double-cropping and Seasonal fallow	1.27	0.32
		一年两熟-年度休耕Double-cropping and Annual fallow	1.25	0.32
		一年两熟-未识别Double-cropping and Unknown	0.53	0.13
季节性休耕 Seasonal fallow	10.49%	季节性休耕-一年一熟Seasonal fallow and Single-cropping	6.68	0.70
		季节性休耕-一年两熟Seasonal fallow and Double-cropping	4.84	0.51
		季节性休耕-季节性休耕Seasonal fallow and Seasonal fallow	85.17	8.93
		季节性休耕-年度休耕Seasonal fallow and Annual fallow	1.07	0.11
		季节性休耕-未识别Seasonal fallow and Unknown	2.21	0.23
年度休耕 Annual fallow	5.29%	年度休耕-一年一熟Annual fallow and Single-cropping	22.65	1.20
		年度休耕-一年两熟Annual fallow and Double-cropping	0.41	0.02
		年度休耕-季节性休耕Annual fallow and Seasonal fallow	0.68	0.04
		年度休耕-年度休耕Annual fallow and Annual fallow	72.59	3.84
		年度休耕-未识别Annual fallow and Unknown	3.69	0.20
总体一致性 Overall consistency			—	92.50

Remote Sensing Detection of Cropping System and Its Spatial-Temporal Pattern in China

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