有机物料与化肥长期配施对小麦玉米轮作潮土细菌群落和酶活性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.19.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This experiment studied the effects of long-term synergistic application of organic materials and chemical fertilizers on soil bacterial community and enzyme activity, and revealed the relationship between soil nutrients, extracellular enzyme activity and bacterial community, so as to provide a theoretical basis for formulating long-term and reasonable fertilization strategies under wheat-maize rotation system in fluvo-aquic soil. 【Method】 Based on a 10-year located experiment, five treatments were set up, including no fertilization (NF), chemical fertilizer (NPK), chemical fertilizer with straw return (NPKS), 50% chemical fertilizer with 6 000 kg·hm^-2 pig manure (NPKP), and 50% chemical fertilizer with 6 000 kg·hm^-2cow manure ( NPKC ). 【Result】 (1) The combined application of organic materials and chemical fertilizers ( NPKS, NPKP and NPKC ) could significantly improve soil fertility and extracellular enzyme activity, among which NPKC treatment had the most significant effect. Compared with NPK treatment, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity were increased by 13.8%-15.4%, 9.7%-15.5%, 7.2%-15.9%, 13.6%-38.5%和2.5%-13.1%. (2) Long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer significantly changed the bacterial community structure and composition. In the wheat season, compared with NPK treatment, NPKS treatment significantly increased the abundance of Aggregatilinea and Parachlamydia, NPKP treatment significantly increased the abundance of Pseudomonas, Nonomuraea and Flexilinea, while NPKC treatment only significantly increased the abundance of Luteitalea. In the maize season, compared with NPK treatment, NPKS treatment significantly increased the abundance of Phycisphaera and Syntrophothermus, NPKP treatment significantly increased the abundance of Gemmatimonas, and NPKC treatment significantly increased the abundance of Aquipuribacter and Desulfosoma. (3) The results of functional prediction showed that combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could promote soil carbon and nitrogen cycling compared with long-term single application of chemical fertilizer. In particular, the NPKC treatment had a strong effect on nitrification, ureolysis, aromatic compound degradation, xylanolysis and cellulolysis. (4) Mental analysis showed that soil pH was the main factor regulating bacterial community structure and ecological function in fluvo-aquic soil. 【Conclusion】 Long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers (especially chemical fertilizers combined with cow manure) could improve soil fertility and extracellular enzyme activity, increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, significantly change the structure and composition of bacterial communities, and promote the circulation of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, thus construct an environment suitable for crop and bacterial growth in fluvo-aquic soil.

Key words: wheat-maize rotation, organic material, chemical fertilizer, long-term application of fertilizers, bacterial community, enzyme activity, nutrient, fluvo-aquic soil

ZHANG LingFei, MA Lei, LI YuDong, ZHENG FuLi, WEI JianLin, TAN DeShui, CUI XiuMin, LI Yan. Effects of Long-Term Synergistic Application of Organic Materials and Chemical Fertilizers on Bacterial Community and Enzyme Activity in Wheat-Maize Rotation Fluvo-Aquic Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(19): 3843-3855.

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处理 Treatment	化肥 Chemical fertilizer （N-P₂O₅-K₂O）(kg·hm^-2)		有机肥 Organic fertilizer （N-P₂O₅-K₂O）(kg·hm^-2)		周年养分投入 Annual nutrient input （N+P₂O₅+K₂O）(kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	小麦Wheat	玉米Maize	小麦Wheat	玉米Maize
NF	0	0	0	0	0
NPK	300-120-100	250-45-45	0	0	860
NPKS	300-120-100	250-45-45	0	0	860+秸秆Straw
NPKP	150-60-50	125-22.5-22.5	68-105-42	68-105-42	860
NPKC	150-60-50	125-22.5-22.5	68-108-39	68-108-39	860

作物季节 Crop season	处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 SOM (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 AN (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK (mg·kg^-1)
小麦季 Wheat season	NF	8.51±0.03a	14.10±0.57c	0.97±0.04c	0.85±0.04b	70.26±6.76c	12.46±2.76c	218.50±16.58b
	NPK	8.45±0.03ab	17.38±0.28b	1.23±0.07b	1.08±0.07a	87.28±6.45b	49.64±1.72b	276.00±8.04a
	NPKS	8.45±0.03ab	19.02±0.30a	1.27±0.11b	1.00±0.09ab	97.78±4.51a	51.14±3.17b	274.75±14.45a
	NPKP	8.37±0.16b	18.67±0.67ab	1.29±0.07b	1.10±0.26a	95.20±5.58ab	66.45±6.84a	270.25±11.38a
	NPKC	8.43±0.07ab	19.81±1.74a	1.42±0.09a	1.08±0.07a	101.15±4.39a	68.73±1.32a	286.00±12.06a
玉米季 Maize season	NF	8.93±0.04a	14.94±0.24d	1.07±0.02c	0.83±0.04c	75.98±2.07d	4.88±0.32e	222.75±2.50b
	NPK	8.74±0.04b	17.00±0.09c	1.24±0.03b	1.03±0.03ab	96.89±0.69b	18.07±0.61c	243.50±2.65a
	NPKS	8.75±0.03b	18.63±0.85b	1.28±0.00b	0.99±0.04b	91.47±0.31c	14.46±0.59d	245.75±3.95a
	NPKP	8.66±0.03c	18.54±0.29b	1.33±0.04a	1.08±0.03a	103.20±3.59a	22.88±0.62a	239.50±16.42a
	NPKC	8.79±0.05b	19.62±0.56a	1.36±0.03a	1.06±0.02a	103.88±3.25a	20.52±1.30b	240.75±6.85a

Effects of Long-Term Synergistic Application of Organic Materials and Chemical Fertilizers on Bacterial Community and Enzyme Activity in Wheat-Maize Rotation Fluvo-Aquic Soil

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[3]	WANG Ning, FENG KeYun, NAN HongYu, CONG AnQi, ZHANG TongHui. Effects of Combined Application of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizer Ratio on Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Cotton Under Water Deficit [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(8): 1531-1546.
[4]	DONG Xiu, ZHANG Yan, MUNYAMPIRWA Tito, TAO HaiNing, SHEN YuYing. Effects of Long-Term Conservation Tillage on Soil Carbon Content and Invertase Activity in Dry Farmland on the Loess Plateau [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(5): 907-919.
[5]	SHENG QianNan, YU XiaoHong, ZHOU Xiong, TIAN GuiSheng, WU HaiYa, GENG GuoTao, YAN JinYao, LI Jing, REN Tao, LU JianWei. Response of Biomass and Nutrient Competition Between Oilseed Rape and Weed to the Rate of N, P and K Fertilizer [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(3): 481-489.
[6]	TENG YunFei, SHANG Bin, TAO XiuPing. Nutritional Effects of Liquid Digestate on Tomatoes Grown in Facility Substrates [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(19): 3869-3878.
[7]	LIU ShuJun, LI DongChu, HUANG Jing, QU XiaoLin, MA ChangBao, WANG HuiYing, YU ZiKun, ZHANG Lu, HAN TianFu, LIU KaiLou, SHEN Zhe, ZHANG HuiMin. Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Wheat and Maize Stalk Resources and Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Potential of Returning to Farmland in Recent 30 Years in China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(16): 3140-3155.
[8]	LIU GaoYuan, HE AiLing, DU Jun, LÜ JinLing, NIE ShengWei, PAN XiuYan, XU JiDong, LI Jue, YANG ZhanPing. Effect of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Nitrous Oxide Emission from Wheat-Maize Rotation System in Lime Concretion Black Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(16): 3156-3167.
[9]	ZHAO WeiSong, GUO QingGang, LI SheZeng, LU XiuYun, GOU JianJun, MA Ping. Effect of Broccoli Residues on Enzyme Activity of Cotton Rhizosphere Soil and Relationships Between Enzyme Activity and Carbon Metabolism Characteristics [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(11): 2092-2105.
[10]	LI Ran, XU MingGang, SUN Nan, WANG JinFeng, WANG Fei, LI JianHua. Dynamics Characteristic of Straw Decomposition and Nutrient Release Under Different C/N Ratio [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(11): 2118-2128.
[11]	MA XiaoYan, YANG Yu, HUANG DongLin, WANG ZhaoHui, GAO YaJun, LI YongGang, LÜ Hui. Annual Nutrients Balance and Economic Return Analysis of Wheat with Fertilizers Reduction and Different Rotations [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1589-1603.
[12]	LI Qian, QIN YuBo, YIN CaiXia, KONG LiLi, WANG Meng, HOU YunPeng, SUN Bo, ZHAO YinKai, XU Chen, LIU ZhiQuan. Effect of Drip Fertigation Mode on Maize Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Economic Benefit [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1604-1616.
[13]	ZHANG JiaHua,YANG HengShan,ZHANG YuQin,LI CongFeng,ZHANG RuiFu,TAI JiCheng,ZHOU YangChen. Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Modes on Starch Accumulation and Activities of Starch Synthesis-Related Enzyme of Spring Maize Grain in Northeast China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(7): 1332-1345.
[14]	LI XiaoLi,HE TangQing,ZHANG ChenXi,TIAN MingHui,WU Mei,LI ChaoHai,YANG QingHua,ZHANG XueLin. Effect of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizers on Greenhouse Gas Emission Under the Conditions of Same Nitrogen Fertilizer Input in Maize Farmland [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(5): 948-961.
[15]	ZHANG XueLin, WU Mei, HE TangQing, ZHANG ChenXi, TIAN MingHui, LI XiaoLi, HOU XiaoPan, HAO XiaoFeng, YANG QingHua, LI ChaoHai. Effects of Crop Residue Decomposition on Soil Inorganic Nitrogen and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Fluvo-Aquic Soil and Shajiang Black Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(4): 729-742.