植物RNA结合蛋白研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.21.001

Abstract

Abstract:

In eukaryotes, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are an important class of post-transcriptional regulators that direct and regulate the RNA metabolism. RBPs together with RNA to form ribonucleoprotein complexes have been reported to play critical roles in many RNA processes, including translocation, modification, translation and degradation. RBPs are widely present in animals, plants and microorganisms, accounting for about 2%-8% of the proteins encoded by eukaryotic genes. In recent years, the researches on RNA-binding proteins have become a hot topic. RBPs have been reported to involved in many human diseases by mutation and genetic analysis. The large number of RBPs in plants has also been reported, and they played similar important functions in plant RNA metabolism. However, our understanding of the roles and mechanisms of action of plant RBPs is less well studied than in animals. In this review, we will discuss recent progresses of multiple RBP family members that play essential roles in RNA metabolism during plant growth, development and stress responses. Five classes of plant RBP families were discussed, including serine-arginine-rich RNA-binding proteins (SR proteins), glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GR-RBPs), pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPR proteins), DEAD-box RNA helicase (DEAD-box RHs) and RNA chaperones. The critical roles of these plant RBPs in RNA metabolism during plant growth, development, and stress responses were summarized. Functions as an alternative splicing factor during RNA metabolism, SR proteins play important roles in plant growth and stress response. GR-RBPs family members displayed functional diversity: Many of them regulate plant stress tolerance and various growth and development processes by mediating plant hormone signaling pathways and others mediate abiotic stress response acting as RNA chaperones. PPR proteins are the most widely studied and they mainly involved in RNA metabolism of mitochondria and chloroplasts. As important RNA splicing factors of cell nuclei and organelles, DEAD-box RHs play variety of functions in plant growth, development and abiotic stress response. RNA chaperones are non-specific RBP that maintain the normal function of RNA molecules by facilitate RNA folding via structural rearrangement of misfolded RNAs.

Key words: RNA binding proteins, RNA metabolism, plant growth and development, stress response

ZaiBao ZHANG,WanJie LI,JiuLi LI,Chi ZHANG,MengHui HU,Lin CHENG,HongYu YUAN. The Research Progress of Plant RNA Binding Proteins[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(21): 4007-4019.

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Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Classification, structural characteristics and main functions of plant RBPs"

分类 Classification	结构特征 Structural characteristics	生理功能 Physiological function
SR蛋白 SR proteins	N端：含1个或2个RRM结构域; C端：富含SR的结构域 N-terminal: Containing 1 or 2 RRM domain; C-terminal: SR-rich domain	参与mRNA剪接、输出或翻译,调节生长发育及细胞增殖;响应高温和低温等非生物胁迫 Participating in mRNA splicing, export or translation, regulating plant growth, development and cell proliferation; Responding to abiotic stresses such as heat and cold stresses
GR-RBPs (Ⅳ of GRPs）	N端：含RRM或CSD结构域; C端：存在富含甘氨酸区域 N-terminal: Containing RRM or CSD domain; C-terminal: Containing the regions of glycine rich	作为RNA分子伴侣,响应干旱、高盐和低温等胁迫;调节植物生物钟,介导开花等过程 As RNA molecular chaperone, responding to drought, salt and cold stresses; Regulating plant circadian clock, mediating plants flowering, etc.
RZs (IVb of GRPs)	N端：含RRM结构域; C端：富含甘氨酸区域且其间散布CCHC型锌指基序 N-terminal: Containing RRM domain; C-terminal: The region rich in glycine and interspersed with CCHC-type zinc finger motifs	响应低温和干旱等胁迫;与SR等蛋白互作参与mRNA剪接,促进种子萌发、幼苗生长和开花等植物发育 Responding to cold and drought stresses; interacting with SR and other proteins to participate in mRNA splicing, promote seed germination, seedling growth and flowering, etc.
CSDPs (IVc of GRPs)	N端：含一个CSD结构域; C端：含一个富含甘氨酸区域且其间散布CCHC型锌指基序 N-terminal: Contains a CSD domain; C-terminal: Containing a glycine-rich region interspersed with CCHC-type zinc finger motifs	正/负调控植物的胁迫耐受性、生长发育等 Positively/negatively regulating the plant stress tolerance, growth and development, etc.
PPR蛋白 PPR proteins	由大约35个氨基酸序列组成的串联重复基序 The tandem repeat motif consisting of approximately 35 amino acid sequences	主要参与线粒体和叶绿体的RNA代谢,调节光合作用、呼吸作用、胚胎发生等生理和生长发育过程;响应逆境胁迫 Mainly participating in the RNA metabolism of mitochondrial and chloroplast, regulating photosynthesis, respiration, embryogenesis and other physiological and growth processes; Responsing to adversity stress
DEAD-box RHs	包含Q、Ⅰ、Ⅱ（DEAD）、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ结构域 Containing Q, Ⅰ, Ⅱ(DEAD), Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ domains	催化RNA分子二级结构解旋,参与RNA代谢,调节植物各种细胞代谢途径、生长发育;响应低温、干旱等非生物胁迫 Catalyzing the secondary structure of RNA molecules to unwind, participating in RNA metabolism, regulating various cellular metabolic pathways, growth and development; Responding to cold, drought and other abiotic stresses
RNA分子伴侣 RNA molecular chaperone	具有RNA伴侣蛋白活性的RBP,结构特征多样 The structural features of the RBPs with RNA chaperone activity are diverse	参与非生物胁迫下RNA的折叠反应,提高植物的胁迫耐受性;参与RNA代谢,调节叶绿体相关生物合成等过程 Participating in the folding reaction of RNA under abiotic stresses, thereby improving the stress tolerance of plants; participating in RNA metabolism, regulating the process of chloroplast-related biosynthesis, etc.

Table 1

Table 2

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分类 Classification	各物种中的数量 Number in each species	已报道的关键基因 Key genes that have been reported	参考文献 References
SR蛋白 SR proteins	拟南芥：19个水稻：22个大豆：25个 Arabidopsis: 19 Oryza sativa: 22 Glycine max: 25	SRp33, SCL26, RSZp23, RSZ33/36/37, RS40/41	[8-10]
GR-RBPs (IV of GRPs)		AtGRP2/7/8; OsGRP1/4/6	[14,18,21]
RZs (IVb of GRPs)	拟南芥：3个水稻：3个小麦：4个 Arabidopsis: 3 Oryza sativa: 3 Triticum aestivum: 4	AtRZ-1a/b/c; OsRZ1/2/3; TaRZ1/2/3/4	[23-26]
CSDPs (IVc of GRPs)	拟南芥：4个水稻：2个小麦：4个 Arabidopsis: 4 Oryza sativa: 2 Triticum aestivum: 4	AtCSP1/2/3/4; OsCSP1/2; WCSP1/2/3/4	[29-30,33-34]
PPR蛋白 PPR proteins	拟南芥：多于450个水稻：约477个 Arabidopsis: more than 450 Oryza sativa: about 477	BLX, RPF5, SOAR1,; AtSEL1,OsPPR676; OsRF5,OsWSL	[37,40-41,45,48,51-52]
DEAD-box RHs	拟南芥：约58个水稻：约50个 Arabidopsis: about 58 Oryza sativa: about 50	AtRH50, ZmRH3, TOGR1, RID1	[62-63, 65-66]
RNA分子伴侣 RNA molecular chaperone		AtRH3, SRRP1; CFM4	[80-81,83]

The Research Progress of Plant RNA Binding Proteins

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