Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (19): 3867-3877.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.19.002

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Establishment of Evaluation System for Drought Tolerance at Maize Germination Stage Under Soil Stress

ZHANG ChunXiao1(),LI ShuFang1(),LIU XuYang2(),LIU Jie1,LIU WenPing1,LIU XueYan1,LI ChunHui2,WANG TianYu2(),LI XiaoHui1()   

  1. 1Crop Germplasm Resources Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, Jilin
    2Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2019-11-03 Accepted:2020-04-08 Online:2020-10-01 Published:2020-10-19
  • Contact: TianYu WANG,XiaoHui LI E-mail:chunxiao1000@126.com;xlsf@163.com;1021247118@qq.com;wangtianyu@caas.cn;lixiaohui2002lix@163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】The main maize-producing areas in China are mostly arid and semi-arid areas, in which drought often occurred after sowing. The sufficient germination rate is key precondition for maize production. However, the decreasing germination rate caused by drought threatens the production of maize. Thus, it is of great importance to discover the drought tolerant maize varieties at germination stage, which relies on the establishment of evaluation system for drought tolerant maize at germination stage. 【Method】In the present study, 13 soil water content treatments, which represented the maize germination rates from 0 to 100%, were set using field soil and the germination rates of five representative maize hybrids were analyzed. The 50% germination rate soil water content (GW50) was determined based on the Logistic formula of germination rate and soil water content in five representative maize hybrids. Subsequently, 32 maize hybrids were treated with GW50 as drought condition. The relationships between germination rates of 32 hybrids and other 10 traits were investigated using correlation, cluster and principal component analyses. 【Result】The fitting degree (R2) of Logistic regression between germination rate of five representative maize hybrids and thirteen soil water contents ranged from 0.978 to 0.992. The GW50 of five representative hybrids, which were estimated by the Logistic regression formulas, ranged from 18.2%-18.7%, with mean of 18.5%. Under drought treatments of 18.5% soil water content, the germination rates of 32 hybrids showed significant correlation with germ fresh weight, radical fresh weight and storage material transport rate, but the correlation coefficients were all lower than 0.5, which was 0.36, 0.40 and 0.38, respectively. While the germination rates under GW50 showed no significant correlation with other seven traits such as radicle number. Besides, cluster analysis based on 10 other traits divided 32 hybrids to three clusters, each containing thirteen, ten and nine hybrids, respectively. However, the mean germination rates of the three clusters showed no significant difference. PCA analysis revealed germination rate, germ dry weight and storage material transport rate had highest eigenvalue in first principal component, which could explain 36.3% of the total variance. These three traits could be considered as key targets for drought tolerance evaluation at germination stage. Using the soil drought method and key traits for evaluation of drought tolerance at germination stage, four, twenty-two and seven of the thirty-four hybrids were identified as drought tolerant, intermedium and drought susceptible types, respectively. 【Conclusion】In this study, soil drought treatment method of GW50 was established for maize drought tolerance evaluation at germination stage. The germination rate, germ dry weight and storage material transport rate were identified as the key traits for high-throughput drought tolerance evaluation. Thus, an evaluation system for drought tolerance at maize germination stage was established.

Key words: maize (Zea mays L.), germination stage, soil drought, drought tolerance, evaluation system

Table 1

The 32 commercial maize hybrids"

序号 No. 品种名称 Hybrids 序号 No. 品种名称 Hybrids 序号 No. 品种名称 Hybrids
1 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 12 吉单50 Jidan 50 23 吉农大778 Jinongda 778
2 吉农大819 Jinongda 819 13 吉单66 Jidan 66 24 吉农玉719 Jinongyu 719
3 登海605 Denghai 605 14 吉单441 Jidan 441 25 金园15 Jinyuan 15
4 吉单551 Jidan 551 15 吉单505 Jidan 505 26 鹏玉1号 Pengyu 1
5 优迪919 Youdi 919 16 吉单511 Jidan 511 27 桥玉8号 Qiaoyu 8
6 先玉335 Xianyu 335 17 吉单513 Jidan 513 28 先达203 Xianda 203
7 迪卡517 Dika 517 18 吉单53 Jidan 53 29 翔玉218 Xiangyu 218
8 迪卡159 Dika 159 19 吉单558 Jidan 558 30 翔玉998 Xiangyu 998
9 富民108 Fumin 108 20 吉单56 Jidan 56 31 东农254 Dongnong 254
10 富民985 Fumin 985 21 吉单631 Jidan 631 32 源丰009 Yuanfeng 009
11 禾田4号 Hetian 4 22 吉单96 Jidan 96

Fig. 1

The Logistic regression of maize seed germination rate under different soil water contents"

Table 2

Logistic equations of germination rate and soil water contents in five maize hybrids"

品种名称
Hybrids		 回归方程
Logistic equations		 拟合度
Fitting degree (R2)		 50%种子萌发率时的土壤含水量
GW50 (%)
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 Y=103.048/(1+1.10×1015e-1.874X) 0.983 18.5
吉农大819 Jinongda 819 Y=107.042/(1+1.99×1012e-1.505X) 0.981 18.7
登海605 Denghai 605 Y=103.907/(1+1.04×1013e-1.642X) 0.978 18.2
吉单551 Jidan 551 Y=105.640/(1+4.28×1012e-1.554X) 0.992 18.7
优迪919 Youdi 919 Y=105.599/(1+1.11×1012e-1.485X) 0.985 18.6

Table 3

Trait variation of 32 hybrids under mean GW50 and normal water treatment"

处理
Treatments		 性状
Traits		 最小值
Minimum		 最大值
Maximum		 平均
Average		 变异系数
CV
正常对照
Normal		 种子发芽率GR (%) 96.00 100.00 99.44 1.28
胚芽鲜重GFW (g) 0.20 0.60 0.40 26.09
胚芽干重GDW (g) 0.02 0.06 0.04 27.55
胚芽长GL (cm) 6.74 16.76 11.98 19.19
胚根鲜重RFW (g) 0.09 0.42 0.24 40.80
胚根干重RDW (g) 0.01 0.04 0.03 28.92
胚根长RL (cm) 4.34 17.67 13.35 22.70
胚根数RN 3.05 6.45 4.48 17.53
种子鲜重SFW (g) 0.26 0.52 0.38 15.42
种子干重SDW (g) 0.13 0.28 0.19 20.36
贮藏物质转运率SMTR (%) 10.54 40.08 24.51 28.66
50%萌发率土壤含水量胁迫处理
GW50 treatment		 种子发芽率GR (%) 19.00 92.00 59.88 26.75
胚芽鲜重GFW (g) 0.03 0.16 0.08 38.70
胚芽干重GDW (g) 0.00 0.03 0.01 44.61
胚芽长GL (cm) 1.13 5.10 2.67 35.36
胚根鲜重RFW (g) 0.03 0.17 0.09 38.22
胚根干重RDW (g) 0.01 0.03 0.01 35.60
胚根长RL (cm) 4.22 11.71 8.80 19.74
胚根数RN 2.60 6.00 3.84 19.70
种子鲜重SFW (g) 0.25 0.50 0.40 13.69
种子干重SDW (g) 0.18 0.32 0.25 12.87
贮藏物质转运率SMTR (%) 4.68 16.63 8.45 34.00
耐旱系数
DTC		 种子发芽率GR (%) 19.79 92.00 60.17 26.60
胚芽鲜重GFW (g) 7.59 44.62 20.13 38.43
胚芽干重GDW (g) 13.91 86.85 29.18 48.08
胚芽长GL (cm) 10.89 59.34 22.82 40.00
胚根鲜重RFW (g) 21.17 84.64 39.46 34.75
胚根干重RDW (g) 23.20 105.61 50.99 32.28
胚根长RL (cm) 44.01 97.30 67.84 18.74
胚根数RN 59.77 129.51 86.26 15.00
种子鲜重SFW (g) 73.13 121.74 104.55 9.68
种子干重SDW (g) 100.03 167.96 130.07 12.11
贮藏物质转运率SMTR (%) 21.42 71.08 35.87 32.66

Fig. 2

Correlation analysis of germination rate and other traits under mean GW50 A and B represent the correlation analysis results of mean GW50 treatment and drought tolerance index, respectively. GR: Germination rate; GFW: Germ fresh weight; GDW: Germ dry weight; GL: Germ length; RFW: Radical fresh weight; RDW: Radicle dry weight; RL: Radicle length; RN: Radicle number; SFW: Seed fresh weight; SDW: Seed dry weight; SMTR: Storage material transport rate. The same as below"

Fig. 3

Clustering analysis of traits and differences of germination rates between hybrids in different clusters A and B represent the clustering results based on other 10 traits under mean GW50 and germination rates of different cluster groups, respectively; C and D represent the clustering results based on the drought tolerance index of other 10 traits and germination rates of different cluster groups, respectively"

Fig. 4

Principal component analysis of traits under mean GW50"

Table 4

The evaluation on drought tolerance of 33 hybrids at maize germination stage"

材料名称
Hybrids		 发芽率
GR (%)		 胚芽干重
RDW (g)		 贮藏物质转运率
SMTR (%)		 发芽率Z值
Z-score of GR		 胚芽干重Z值
Z-score of RDW		 贮藏物质转运率Z值
Z-score of SMTR		 综合Z值
Mean Z-score
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 48 0.0076 5.53 -0.71 -0.55 -1.03 -0.76
吉农大819 Jinongda 819 54 0.0048 5.99 -0.37 -1.18 -0.86 -0.80
登海605 Denghai 605 48 0.0078 4.67 -0.75 -0.50 -1.33 -0.86
吉单551 Jidan 551 43 0.0061 6.40 -1.06 -0.88 -0.72 -0.89
优迪919 Youdi 919 43 0.0058 6.37 -1.06 -0.95 -0.73 -0.91
先玉335 Xianyu 335 92 0.0082 9.73 2.03 -0.41 0.45 0.69
迪卡517 Dika 517 68 0.0129 8.49 0.51 0.66 0.01 0.40
迪卡159 Dika 159 74 0.0174 13.63 0.89 1.67 1.83 1.46
富民108 Fumin 108 61 0.0141 9.46 0.07 0.92 0.36 0.45
富民985 Fumin 985 64 0.0108 12.83 0.30 0.17 1.55 0.67
禾田4号 Hetian 4 81 0.0094 7.94 1.34 -0.13 -0.17 0.34
吉单50 Jidan 50 77 0.0099 5.88 1.08 -0.01 -0.90 0.05
吉单66 Jidan 66 58 0.0087 9.26 -0.11 -0.29 0.28 -0.04
吉单441 Jidan 441 76 0.0079 7.12 1.02 -0.48 -0.46 0.02
吉单505 Jidan 505 50 0.0091 7.86 -0.62 -0.21 -0.20 -0.34
吉单511 Jidan 511 52 0.0267 16.62 -0.49 3.79 2.89 2.06
吉单513 Jidan 513 45 0.0091 6.74 -0.94 -0.21 -0.6 -0.58
吉单53 Jidan 53 19 0.0071 6.60 -2.59 -0.66 -0.65 -1.30
吉单558 Jidan 558 78 0.0156 10.33 1.15 1.26 0.66 1.02
吉单56 Jidan 56 59 0.0138 11.01 -0.05 0.85 0.90 0.56
吉单631 Jidan 631 49 0.0066 4.69 -0.68 -0.77 -1.32 -0.92
吉单96 Jidan 96 55 0.0067 9.17 -0.30 -0.75 0.25 -0.26
吉农大778 Jinongda 778 77 0.0096 7.83 1.08 -0.08 -0.21 0.26
吉农玉719 Jinongyu 719 49 0.0056 6.66 -0.68 -0.99 -0.63 -0.77
金园15 Jinyuan 15 74 0.0079 9.09 0.89 -0.48 0.23 0.21
鹏玉1号 Pengyu 1 57 0.0125 11.92 -0.18 0.57 1.23 0.54
桥玉8号 Qiaoyu 8 53 0.0098 7.05 -0.43 -0.03 -0.49 -0.32
先达203 Xianda 203 80 0.0109 9.27 1.27 0.20 0.29 0.59
翔玉218 Xiangyu 218 49 0.0086 7.91 -0.68 -0.30 -0.19 -0.39
翔玉998 Xiangyu 998 53 0.0076 5.25 -0.43 -0.54 -1.13 -0.70
东农254 Dongnong 254 86 0.0164 13.39 1.65 1.44 1.74 1.61
源丰009 Yuanfeng 009 42 0.0052 5.51 -1.13 -1.08 -1.03 -1.08
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