Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (24): 4470-4483.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.24.003

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Canopy Equivalent Water Thickness Estimation of Cotton Based on Hyperspectral Index

YanChuan MA1,2,Hao LIU1,ZhiFang CHEN1,Kai ZHANG1,Xuan YU1,2,JingLei WANG1,JingSheng SUN1()   

  1. 1 Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Requirement and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, Henan
    2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2019-05-09 Accepted:2019-09-03 Online:2019-12-16 Published:2020-01-15
  • Contact: JingSheng SUN E-mail:jshsun623@163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of the experiments is to develop a key method for fast and nondestructive monitoring canopy equivalent water thickness (CEWT) in cotton (Lumian 54) and to further improve the estimation accuracy of CEWT in cotton monitored by remote sensing technology. 【Method】 Through setting irrigation gradient treatment in different growth period, canopy spectral reflectance and canopy equivalent water thickness and other information were measured simultaneously. Firstly, we comprehensively analyzed the correlation between CEWT and various spectral parameters, including original spectral reflectance, first derivative spectral reflectance, all-band combined spectral index and existing spectral index. Then, we determined the optimal spectral indices of bud stage, flowering and bolls stage, and full growth period. Finally, we constructed a hyperspectral monitoring model of cotton CEWT by linear regression. 【Result】 The canopy equivalent water thickness and the original spectral reflectance show continuous sensitive bands in the near infrared band (NIR) of 780-1130 nm and the short wave infrared band (SWIR) of 1 450-1 830 nm and 1 950-2 450 nm, the sensitivity of the first derivative spectrum to CEWT was enhanced in NIR band than that of the original spectrum, but was weaker in SWIR band than that of the original spectrum. The correlation between the spectral index constructed by the original spectral reflectance and CEWT is stronger than that of the first derivative spectrum, and the ratio spectral index (RSI) is more suitable for the monitoring of CEWT than the normalized difference spectral index (NDSI). During the whole growth period, the inversion accuracy of CEWT by (R1135-5R1494)/R2003 was the best (R 2=0.7878, RRMSE=0.1803). In the bud stage, RSIb(1130,1996) has the best estimation effect on CEWT (R 2=0.7258, RRMSE=0.1444). RSIa (904,1952) was the optimal spectral index (R 2=0.7853, RRMSE=0.2454) for estimating CEWT at the flowering and bolls stage.【Conclusion】The new hyperspectral indexes proposed in this study in different growth stages can be used for quantitative monitoring of canopy equivalent water thickness in cotton. The results of this study can provide reference for the application of hyperspectral technology in monitoring water content of cotton canopy, and provide technical basis for precision irrigation of cotton.

Key words: hyperspectral index, cotton, canopy equivalent water thickness, estimation

Table 1

Irrigation amount in every stage of each treatment (mm)"

BI1 BI2 BI3 BI4 FI1 FI2 FI3 FI4
苗期 Seeding stage 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
蕾期 Bud stage 120 96 72 48 120 120 120 120
花铃期 Flowering and bolls stage 300 300 300 300 300 240 180 120
全生育期 Full growth 510 486 462 438 510 450 390 330

Table 2

Statistical description of canopy equivalent water thickness (mm)"

生育期
Growth stage		 样本
Sample		 均值
Mean value		 标准误
Standard error		 标准差
Standard deviation		 方差
Variance		 最大值
Max value		 最小值
Mix value		 样本数
Sample size
蕾期
Bud stage		 建模Calibration 0.2950 0.0158 0.1023 0.0105 0.5212 0.1383 42
检验Validation 0.3323 0.0332 0.1406 0.0198 0.6105 0.1480 18
总体Full 0.3060 0.0148 0.1149 0.0132 0.6105 0.1383 60
花铃期
Flowering and bolls stage		 建模Calibration 0.4946 0.0214 0.1682 0.0283 0.8723 0.2297 62
检验Validation 0.5272 0.0285 0.1662 0.0276 0.8498 0.2216 34
总体Full 0.5062 0.0171 0.1673 0.0280 0.8723 0.2216 96
全生育期
Full growth period		 建模Calibration 0.4140 0.0172 0.1750 0.0306 0.8723 0.1383 104
检验Validation 0.4597 0.0253 0.1823 0.0332 0.8498 0.1480 52
总体Full 0.4292 0.0143 0.1782 0.0317 0.8723 0.1383 156

Fig. 1

Correlationship of CEWT with original reflectance and first derivative reflectance r0.05 and r0.01 represent the horizontal lines of 0.05 significant correlation (r=0.157) and 0.01 significant correlation (r=0.206)"

Fig. 2

Contour maps of coefficients of determination(R2) for linear relationship between CEWT with RSI and NDSI during the full growth period (a) NDSI based on the original spectral; (b) RSI based on the original spectral; (c) NDSI based on the first derivative spectral; (d) RSI based on the first derivative spectral. The vertical coordinate is λ1 and the horizontal coordinate is λ2"

Fig. 3

Contour maps of coefficients of the top 10% determination (R2) for linear relationship between RSI and CEWT during the full growth period"

Fig. 4

Calibration and validation performance of RSI (1134,1533) during the whole growth period (a) Quantitative relationships between RSI (1134,1533) and CEWT; (b) The 1:1 relationship between the predicted and observed CEWT based on RSI (1134,1533)"

Fig. 5

Calibration and validation performance of RSIb (1130,1996) and RSIa (904,1952) in the bud stage and the flowering and bolls stage (a) Quantitative relationship between RSI (1130,1996) and CEWT during the bud stage; (b) The 1:1 relationship between the predicted and observed CEWT based on RSI (1130,1996) during the bud stage; (c) Quantitative relationships between RSI(904,1952)and CEWT during the flowering and bolls stage; (d) The 1:1 relationship between the predicted and observed CEWT based on RSI(904,1952) during the flowering and bolls stage"

Fig. 6

Calibration and validation performance of R1134/(R1533-0.5R2086) and (R1135-5R1494)/R2003 in each growth stage (a) Quantitative relationships between (R1135-5R1494)/R2003 and CEWT; (b) The 1:1 relationship between the predicted and observed CEWT based on(R1135-5R1494)/R2003; (c)Quantitative relationships between R1134/(R1533-0.5R2086) and CEWT; (d) The 1:1 relationship between the predicted and observed CEWT based on R1134/(R1533-0.5R2086)"

Table 3

Correlation analysis of CEWT with published spectral index and spectral index proposed in this paper"

光谱指数
Spectral index		 生育期
Growth stage		 建模 Calibration 检验 Validation
回归方程
Regression equation		 R2 SE n R2 RRMSE n
NDWI1240(R860,R1240)[16] 全生育期Full growth period y=-2.4144x+0.2131 0.348 0.141 104 0.234 0.346 52
WI(R970,R900)[30] 全生育期Full growth period y=-4.0076x+4.1002 0.408 0.134 104 0.272 0.338 52
SRWI(R858,1240)[42] 全生育期Full growth period y=1.0643x-0.8479 0.365 0.139 104 0.245 0.343 52
NDII(R850,R1650)[43] 全生育期Full growth period y=-0.4851x+0.2487 0.150 0.161 104 0.038 0.402 52
NDWI1200(R860,R1200)[44] 全生育期Full growth period y=-2.3652x+0.1715 0.338 0.142 104 0.259 0.341 52
NDWI1640(R860,R1640)[45] 全生育期Full growth period y=-1.3136x-0.0362 0.448 0.129 104 0.439 0.298 52
MSI(R1600,R820)[46] 全生育期Full growth period y=-1.0884x+0.9157 0.418 0.133 104 0.406 0.307 52
RSI(1134,1533) 全生育期Full growth period y=0.2639x-0.3392 0.700 0.095 104 0.724 0.210 52
RSIb(1130,1996) 蕾期Bud stage y=0.0316x-0.049 0.767 0.049 42 0.726 0.144 18
RSIa(904,1952) 花铃期Flowering and bolls stage y=0.0573x +0.0849 0.870 0.060 62 0.785 0.245 34
(R1135-5R1494)/R2003 全生育期Full growth period y = 0.0932x+0.6188 0.788 0.080 104 0.801 0.180 52
(R1135-5R1494)/R2003 蕾期Bud stage y=0.0893x+0.5864 0.688 0.060 42 0.761 0.229 18
(R1135-5R1494)/R2003 花铃期Flowering and bolls stage y=0.0853x+0.6204 0.712 0.091 62 0.740 0.162 34
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