小麦播量与减氮对潮土微生物量碳氮及土壤酶活性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.15.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of wheat sowing rate and nitrogen fertilizer interaction on soil microbial biomass carbon/ nitrogen (SMBC/N) and enzyme activities in the Huang-Huai Plain of China was studied, aimed to select the optimum management in this area. 【Method】 Field experiment was conducted, and four treatments were set as: (1) conventional seeding + conventional nitrogen fertilizer (CK); (2) 30% additional seeding + conventional nitrogen application (T1); (3) 30% additional seeding + 20% nitrogen reduction (T2); (4) conventional seeding + 20% nitrogen reduction (T3). The soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), and soil enzyme activities were measured and analyzed in different soil depths during the three crop seasons in 2016-2018. 【Result】 Generally, all the indexes decreased with soil depth. The SMBC was significantly higher under conventional nitrogen (N) treatments (i.e. CK and T1) than that under nitrogen reduction treatments (i.e. T2 and T3) in 0-20 cm in wheat and maize season 2017 and 0-30 cm in wheat season 2018, and the highest one was 170.89 mg?kg ^-1. The dynamics of SMBN was similar as SMBC, which was significantly higher under conventional N treatments than that under N reduction treatments during the all the crop seasons, and with the highest value as 57.24 mg?kg ^-1 under CK treatment. The differences of SOC content among treatments were focused on 0-20 cm during the first and second seasons, and 10-30 cm during the third season. Therein, the SOC content under N reduction treatments was significantly higher than that under conventional N treatments, with the highest one as 12.85 g?kg ^-1 under T3. The TN content under all the treatments was no different in wheat season 2017, which was significantly higher under CK treatment than that under the others in 0-20 cm in maize season 2017 and wheat season 2018. The C/N was no obviously trend in wheat season 2017, while it was significantly higher under N reduction treatments in 0-20 cm during maize season 2017 and wheat season 2018. The SMBC/SOC under all treatments ranged from 0.5% to 2.5%. And it was higher under conventional N treatments than that under N reduction treatments, except which in 10-20 cm during wheat season 2017. The SMBN/TN under all treatments ranged from 2% to 6%. The SMBC/SMBN under all treatments was below 5:1. The SMBN/TN was higher under conventional N treatments than that under N reduction treatments, except which in 10-20 cm during wheat season 2017 and 0-30 cm during wheat season 2018. The SMBC/SMBN under T1 treatment was higher in 2017 wheat season. The urease activity under sowing rate increase treatment (i.e. T1 and T2) was higher in wheat season 2018. The invertase activity in 10-30 cm during maize season 2017 and neutral phosphatase activity in 0-30 cm during wheat season under N reduction treatments was higher than that under conventional treatments. The wheat yield and the aboveground N accumulation was higher under N reduction treatments in wheat season 2018, with the highest value as 6 822.27 kg?hm ^-2and 322.30 kg?hm ^-2, respectively, under T3 treatment.【Conclusion】 Generally, in the Huang-Huai Plain, under the nitrogen reduction, the soil microbial biomass and TN content were decreased, while the soil enzyme activities and aboveground N accumulation was increased. Meanwhile, the wheat yield was increased or maintained. Therein, the treatment with conventional seeding + 20% nitrogen reduction was suggested as the optimum practice in this study.

Key words: wheat, sowing rate, nitrogen reduction, soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme, Huang-Huai Plain

SHI Ke, DONG ShiGang, SHEN FengMin, LONG Qian, JIANG GuiYing, LIU Fang, LIU ShiLiang. Effects of Wheat Seeding Rate with Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Reduction on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen and Enzyme Activities in Fluvo-Aquic Soil in Huang-Huai Plain[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(15): 2646-2663.

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处理 Treatment	小麦播量 Wheat seeding rate	施肥量 Fertilization rate
处理 Treatment	小麦播量 Wheat seeding rate	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	232.5	150+69	120	120
T1	302.25	150+69	120	120
T2	232.5	120+55.2	120	120
T3	302.25	120+55.2	120	120

时期 Period	指标 Index	有机碳 Organic carbon	全氮 Total nitrogen	SMBC	SMBN	脲酶 Urease	蔗糖酶 Invertase	中性磷酸酶 Neutral phosphatase
2017年小麦季 Wheat season 2017	有机碳 Organic carbon	1
	土壤全氮 Total nitrogen	0.909**	1
	SMBC	0.702**	0.797**	1
	SMBN	0.653**	0.774**	0.807**	1
	脲酶 Urease	0.790**	0.714**	0.615**	0.446**	1
	蔗糖酶 Invertase	0.889**	0.874**	0.682**	0.637**	0.800**	1
	中性磷酸酶 Neutral phosphatase	0.595**	0.430**	0.057	-0.139	0.605**	0.550**	1
2017年玉米季 Maize season 2017	有机碳 0rganic carbon	1
	土壤全氮 Total nitrogen	0.727**	1
	SMBC	0.472**	0.852**	1
	SMBN	0.443**	0.813**	0.890**	1
	脲酶 Urease	0.805**	0.708**	0.475**	0.432**	1
	蔗糖酶 Invertase	0.857**	0.769**	0.605**	0.518**	0.797**	1
	中性磷酸酶 Neutral phosphatase	0.738**	0.757**	0.532**	0.444**	0.779**	0.755**	1
2018年小麦季 Wheat season 2018	有机碳 Organic carbon	1
	土壤全氮 Total nitrogen	0.785**	1
	SMBC	0.767**	0.903**	1
	SMBN	0.683**	0.849**	0.919**	1
	脲酶 Urease	0.658**	0.616**	0.598**	0.500**	1
	蔗糖酶 Invertase	0.807**	0.899**	0.817**	0.779**	0.691**	1
	中性磷酸酶 Neutral phosphatase	0.861**	0.750**	0.677**	0.645**	0.507**	0.795**	1

Effects of Wheat Seeding Rate with Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Reduction on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon, Nitrogen and Enzyme Activities in Fluvo-Aquic Soil in Huang-Huai Plain

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