轮耕模式对黄淮海冬小麦夏玉米两熟区的土壤改良效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.020

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】A long-term practice of applying single soil rotary tillage pattern in this area has caused soil compaction, poor ability in retaining rainwater and providing nutrients. Effects of different rotational tillage patterns, which were pairwise combined with subsoiling (ST), rotary tillage (RT) and deep tillage (DT) with straw mulching, on soil long-term improvement effects were studied in the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping area of Huang-Huai-Hai region.【Method】The experiments of CRT (continuous rotary tillage), CST (continuous subsoiling), CDT (continuous deep tillage), DT/RT (rotary tillage in first year, deep tillage in second year, again deep tillage followed by alternating the next year) and DT/RT/RT (deep tillage in first year, rotary tillage in second year, rotary tillage in third year, again deep tillage followed by alternating the next year) were conducted before sowing winter wheat, and different rotational tillage patterns on the ratios of soil solid-liquid-gaseous, soil organic carbon storage, soil total nitrogen storage, soil enzyme activities, soil respiration, and crop economic benefits were analyzed. 【Result】The results showed that, there were significant effects of rotational tillage, soil depth and tillage year on the ratios of soil solid-liquid-gaseous, soil carbon organic storage, soil total nitrogen storage and soil enzyme activities. Compared with CRT, the CST patterns increased soil organic carbon sequestration, soil total nitrogen storage, soil urease and invetase activities of surface soil, and CDT, DT/RT, DT/RT/RT increased soil organic carbon sequestration, soil total nitrogen storage, soil urease and invetase activities at 10-40 cm soil layer of winter wheat and summer maize. With the increasing cultivation, the R value at 0-40 cm soil layer under the five rotational tillage patterns showed a trend of overall decrease, and the soil organic carbon storage and soil total nitrogen storage showed a trend of overall increase. The effect of DT/RT, DT/RT/RT was more significantly. Compared to pretreatment, the R values under CRT, CST, CDT, DT/RT, DT/RT/RT were significantly decreased by 20.8%, 33.1%, 29.5%, 29.7%, 30.7%, while the soil organic carbon storage significantly increased by 6.4%, 14.5%, 16.0%, 20.6%, 23.8% and the soil total nitrogen storage increased by 3.1%, 11.1%, 11.6%, 13.3%, 15.7%, respectively. There were significant effects of rotational tillage on the soil respiration rate. Compared with CRT, CST, CDT, DT/RT, and DT/RT/RT increased soil respiration rate by 20.7%, 19.3%, 13.7%, and 9.2% during winter wheat season, and increased by 19.1%, 18.1%, 15.2%, and 10.4% during summer maize season, respectively. However, DT/RT, DT/RT/RT declined soil respiration rate by 5.9%, 9.6% during winter wheat season, and declined by 3.3%, 7.3% during summer maize season, respectively, relative to CDT. Compared with DT/RT, the soil respiration rate of DT/RT/RT was declined by 4.1% during winter wheat season and declined by 4.3% during summer maize season. Rotational tillage, tillage year and tillage×year had significant effects on crop yield and economic benefits. Through comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the winter wheat and summer maize annual grain yield and economic benefits of five rotational tillage patterns in six years, DT/RT was the best, but DT/RT/RT had no significant difference relative to DT/RT. Compared with CRT, the average annual yields of 6 years under DT/RT/RT, DT/RT, CDT, CST were increased by 18.9%, 21.4%, 12.9%, 15.7%, and the average economic benefits were increased by 31.9%, 36.2%, 20.3%, 25.4%, respectively.【Conclusion】DT/RT/RT improved good tilth soil structure, increased the distribution of soil organic carbon characteristics, total nitrogen storage and enzyme activities of root zone in the top soil layer, declined farmland carbon emission, improved significantly crop yields and economic benefits. Therefore, DT/RT/RT can be selected as an suitable tillage practice for double-crop system of winter wheat-summer maize in Huang-huai-hai area, followed by DT/RT rotation tillage.

Key words: ratio of soil solid-liquid-gaseous, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen storage, soil enzyme activities, soil respiration, economic benefits

YU ShuTing, ZHAO YaLi, WANG YuHong, LIU WeiLing, MENG ZhanYing, MU XinYuan, CHENG SiXian, LI ChaoHai. Improvement Effects of Rotational Tillage Patterns on Soil in the Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Double Cropping Area of Huang-Huai-Hai Region[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(11): 2150-2165.

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Improvement Effects of Rotational Tillage Patterns on Soil in the Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Double Cropping Area of Huang-Huai-Hai Region

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[3]	MA Nan, AN TingTing, ZHANG JiuMing, WANG JingKuan. Effects of Maize Shoot and Root Residues Added on Microbial Residue Carbon and Nitrogen in Different Fertility Levels of Black Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(4): 686-696.
[4]	YU Ru, SONG JiaShen, ZHANG HongYuan, CHANG FangDi, WANG YongQing, WANG XiQuan, WANG Jing, WANG WeiNi, LI YuYi. Effects of Straw Interlayer Combined with Spring Irrigation on Saline- Alkali Soil Respiration and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Hetao Irrigation District [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(12): 2341-2353.
[5]	WANG ShuHui,TAO Wen,LIANG Shuo,ZHANG XuBo,SUN Nan,XU MingGang. The Spatial Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration and N₂O Emission with Long-Term Manure Fertilization Scenarios from Dry Land in North China Plain [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(6): 1159-1171.
[6]	LI JiaYan,SUN LiangJie,MA Nan,WANG Feng,WANG JingKuan. Carbon and Nitrogen Fixation Characteristics of Maize Root and Straw Residues in Brown Soil Under High and Low Fertility [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(23): 4664-4677.
[7]	WU Jun,GUO DaQian,LI Guo,GUO Xi,ZHONG Liang,ZHU Qing,GUO JiaXin,YE YingCong. Prediction of Soil Organic Carbon Content in Jiangxi Province by Vis-NIR Spectroscopy Based on the CARS-BPNN Model [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(19): 3738-3750.
[8]	WANG ChuHan,LIU Fei,GAO JianYong,ZHANG HuiFang,XIE YingHe,CAO HanBing,XIE JunYu. The Variation Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Component Content Under Nitrogen Reduction and Film Mulching [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(19): 3779-3790.
[9]	REN JunBo,YANG XueLi,CHEN Ping,DU Qing,PENG XiHong,ZHENG BenChuan,YONG TaiWen,YANG WenYu. Effects of Interspecific Distances on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Root Spatial Distribution of Maize-Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping System [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(10): 1903-1916.
[10]	BiSheng WANG,WeiShui YU,XuePing WU,LiLi GAO,Jing LI,XiaoJun SONG,ShengPing LI,JinJing LU,FengJun ZHENG,DianXiong CAI. Effects of Straw Addition on Soil Organic Carbon and Related Factors Under Different Tillage Practices [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(6): 1176-1187.
[11]	ZHOU YongJie,XIE JunHong,LI LingLing,WANG LinLin,LUO ZhuZhu,WANG JinBin. Effects of Long-Term Reduce/Zero Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilizer Reducing on Maize Yield and Soil Carbon Emission Under Fully Plastic Mulched Ridge-Furrow Planting System [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(23): 5054-5067.
[12]	CAO HanBing,XIE JunYu,LIU Fei,GAO JianYong,WANG ChuHan,WANG RenJie,XIE YingHe,LI TingLiang. Mineralization Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Wheat Field Under Film Mulching [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(21): 4611-4622.
[13]	LI Na,SUN ZhanXiang,ZHANG YanQing,LIU EnKe,LI FengMing,LI ChunQian,LI Fei. Contribution of Carbon Sources in Sedimentary Soils Combining Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope with Stable Isotope Model [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(14): 3057-3064.
[14]	GAO HongJun,PENG Chang,ZHANG XiuZhi,LI Qiang,ZHU Ping,WANG LiChun. Effects of Corn Straw Returning Amounts on Carbon Sequestration Efficiency and Organic Carbon Change of Soil and Aggregate in the Black Soil Area [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(22): 4613-4622.
[15]	CAO BinBin,ZHU YiHui,JIANG YuHan,SHI JiangLan,TIAN XiaoHong. Effects of Lime and Straw Addition on SOC Sequestration in Tier Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(20): 4215-4225.