覆膜种植对甘南高寒区苜蓿生长和杂草数量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.04.018

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Lacking the appropriate cultivation techniques of alfalfa and weed control technology in the Gannan alpine region has seriously affected the development of the alfalfa and animal husbandry. In order to provide a basis for the establishment of alfalfa grassland, the effects of different planting methods on the growth characteristics of alfalfa and weeds in the Gannan alpine region were studied. 【Method】The experiments were conducted in Xiahe alpine meadows, Gansu province. Four planting method treatments included I: black plastic film mulching on ridge and furrow, II: black plastic film mulching parallel to the ground, III: ridge and furrow, and Ⅳ: common planting methods were designed to discover the effects of those four treatments on the growth characteristics of alfalfa and weeds. 【Result】 The alfalfa height of the treatment of III (19.1 cm) and Ⅳ (14.4 cm) were significantly lower than that of the treatment I and II (P＜0.05). Under treatment I, the branch number of alfalfa can be up to 7.7 per plant, significantly higher than that of treatment II( 5.2), III(4.8) and Ⅳ(4.5) (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference between the treatment I (2.70 mm) and II (2.50 mm) for the main stem diameter (P＞0.05), but both of them were significantly higher than III and Ⅳ (P＜0.05). The alfalfa crown diameter of treatment I was 6.19 mm, significantly higher than that of the treatment II (5.29 mm) (P＜0.05), the treatment II was significantly higher than that of the treatment III (3.99 mm), and the treatment Ⅳ (2.80 mm) was significantly lower than that of the former three (P＜0.05). Crown depth of treatment I was 2.73 cm, significantly higher than II (2.24 cm) (P＜0.05). Compared with the treatment III and Ⅳ, alfalfa crown depth of I increased by 56.0 % and 29.4 %. Under the condition of I, dry matter of alfalfa forage production was up to 1 503.2 kg·hm^-2, significantly higher than that of the treatment II (1 089.6 kg·hm^-2), III (317.6 kg·hm^-2) and Ⅳ (224.4 kg·hm^-2) (P＜0.05). The root volume, root surface area, and root biomass of treatment I and II were significantly higher than treatment III and Ⅳ at the depth from 0 to 10, 10 to 20, 20 to 30, 30 to 40 cm and 0 to 40 cm (P＜0.05). The root volume, root surface area. The root volume, root surface area, and root biomass at the deep from 0 to 10 cm, 10 to 20 cm, 20 to 30 cm and 0 to 40 cm of the treatment III was significantly higher than that of the treatment Ⅳ except that of the deep from 30 to 40 cm(P＜0.05). In the first planting year of artificial alfalfa, 21 kinds of weeds were found. The main weeds included Nepeta cataria, Euphorbia esula, Hypecoum leptocarpum, Chenopodium album and some other annual plants. The number of weed species of treatment III and Ⅳ were 14.3 and 13.3 respectively, and there was no significant difference between III and Ⅳ (P＞0.05); while both of them were significantly higher than that of the treatment I (9.3) and II (9.7). The highest total density of weeds was the treatment III and was 272.3 plant/m², then the treatment Ⅳ (241.7 plant/m²); and the former two were significantly higher than that of the treatment I (86.0 plant/m²) and II (74.0 plant/ m²) (P＜0.05). Dry matter of weeds aboveground of treatment I was the highest for 186.8 g·m^-2, then was the treatment II (157.7 g·m^-2), III (88.5 g·m^-2) and Ⅳ (79.0 g·m^-2). 【Conclusion】Both using black plastic film mulch on ridge and furrow and film mulch parallel to the ground improved the plant height, main stem diameter, crown diameter, crown depth and the dry matter of alfalfa, significantly increased alfalfa root biomass, roots surface area and root volume. Also, it improved dominant weed biomass and weed plant height, while greatly reduced the number of weed species and density.

Key words: alpine region, film mulching on ridge and furrow, film mulching parallel to the ground, alfalfa, weeds, growth characteristics, root crown, root characteristic

YU Xiao-jun, CHAI Jin long, XU Chang-lin, SHI Shang-li, XIAO Hong, MA Long-xi, CAO Guo-shun. Effects of Different Planting Methods on Growth of Alfalfa and Weeds in Gannan Alpine Region[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(4): 791-801.

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