不同秸秆生物炭对红壤性水稻土养分及微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.07.11

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The various effects of different straw biochar on nutrient content and microbial community structure were studied in order to provide information for soil amelioration and proper management of straw residue.【Method】Through a 135-day laboratory incubation experiment and used a red paddy soil that originated from the Quaternary, the influences of rice and corn straw biochar that pyrolyzed at 300℃, 400℃ and 500℃ on soil pH, organic carbon, nutrient content, microbial biomass carbon and profile of microbial PLFAs community structure were investigated. The experiment consisted of seven treatments: control soil (CK), soil amended with 300℃ (RB300), 400℃ (RB400) and 500℃ (RB500) rice straw biochar, soil incorporated with 300℃ (CB300), 400℃ (CB400) and 500℃ (CB500) corn straw biochar. 【Result】 Feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature had a significant influence on the nutrient contents and chemical properties of biochar products. Compared with control, the two straw biochar amendments increased pH value by 0.16 unit and enhanced the contents of soil organic carbon, available P and available K by 26.1%, 20.6% and 281.8%, respectively. Under the same pyrolysis temperature, the application of rice straw biochar mainly promoted the level of available K while corn straw biochar improved the content of available P. Application of 300℃ straw biochar had no significant effect on soil available and mineral N contents. Compared with the control, soils amended with RB500 and CB500 were, respectively, 10.4% and 8.1% less in available N, while significantly increased by 63.6% and 100.7% in NO₃^--N concentration. Although the concentrations of microbial biomass carbon and total phospholipid fatty acids for soils amended with straw biochar were 63.4% and 47.5% higher than control soil, there was no significant difference between the control soil and soils with 300℃ straw biochar. Both the two types of biochar enhanced the contents of G-, G+, fungi and actinobacteria and shown as 300℃＜400℃＜500℃. Results of PCA indicated that rice straw biochar amendment had more effect on the structure of soil microbial community than corn straw biochar. The microbial community compositions of three rice straw biochar were separated from each other while no distinctive recognized among the three corn biochar. Results of CCA suggested that straw biochars can affect the composition of microbial community through altering soil chemical and nutrient properties, as soil available P, soil organic carbon and available had significant correlation with the distribution of soil microbial community. 【Conclusion】 Both the two straw biochars could ameliorate the acidity and nutrient content of red paddy soil, and enhance the level of soil microbial biomass. Soil microbial community structure had been affected in the presence of straw biochars and rice straw biochar had more effective influence than corn straw biochars.

Key words: straw biochar, soil nutrient, microbial biomass carbon, phospholipid fatty acids, canonical correspondence analysis

LI Ming, LI Zhong-pei, LIU Ming, JIANG Chun-yu, WU Meng. Effects of Different Straw Biochar on Nutrient and Microbial Community Structure of a Red Paddy Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(7): 1361-1369.

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