外源糖调控玉米光合系统和活性氧代谢缓解盐胁迫

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.20.004

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】This study aims at exploring and comparing the effects of exogenous monosaccharide glucose (Glc) and disaccharides sucrose (Suc) on growth, physiological and biochemical mechanisms in maize seedlings under neutral sodium salt stress.【Method】The university bred maize (Zea Mays L.) variety Kenyu No.6 was used in this study and was cultivated in 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution in plant growth chamber. Seedlings at two-leaf stage were pretreated by 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0.5 mmol·L^-1 Glc, Suc and mannitol for 3 days, seedlings left in normal nutrient solution and isotonic maninitol were used as control and permeability control, respectively. Then the plants were cultured in 1/2 Hoagland solution with NaCl concentration at 150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl for 4 days or 6 days. After 4 days of salt treatment, the full expanded 2rd leaves were used to exam physiological and biochemical indicators related to photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism. After 6 days of salt stress treatment, maize samples were used for measuring plant height, root length and dry weight. The Li-6400XTR photosynthetic apparatus was applied for the determination of dynamic photosynthetic parameters on day 2, 4, and 6 of salt stress.【Result】Compared with the control, Glc and Suc pretreatment increased root length, dry matter and leaf relative water content, significantly increased plant height by 6.39% and 4.86%, respectively, and maintained higher net photosynthetic rate (P_n). There were no significant differences in other physiological and biochemical indicators between sugar pretreatment and control. Meanwhile, salt stress significantly inhibited the growth of maize seedlings. The height and root length of seedlings under salt treatment for 6 days decreased by 16.37% and 12.17%, and the aboveground and underground dry weight decreased by 20.69% and 25.00%. The antioxidative enzyme activities were decreased and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation was increased under salt treatment. In addition, salt stress also significantly induced the decreases in P_n, stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), Hill reaction activity, intrinsic photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), photosynthetic pigment contents, and the intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) was firstly increased and then decreased with the extension of treatment time. However, exogenous Glc and Suc showed a significant reversal of salt stress on growth and accumulation of dry matter in maize seedlings. Plant height, root length, aboveground and underground dry weight of seedlings under Glc pretreatment were 6.12%, 4.49%, 15.65% and 4.49% higher than those under salt treatment, and those with Suc pretreatment increased by 7.34%, 4.87%, 17.39% and 7.34%, respectively. Glc and Suc pretreatments also alleviated the decreases of P_n, G_s, T_r and F_v/F_m, increased the Hill reactivity, relative water content and photosynthetic pigment contents due to salt stress. Moreover, the SOD, APX, and GPX activities in leaves of maize seedlings were increased markedly with sugar pretreatment, thus decreased the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H₂O₂contents. The effects of Suc pretreatment on removing H₂O₂ and improving Hill reactivity were better than Glc pretreatment. In addition, compared with salt treatment, mannitol pretreatment failed to induce any changes of the physiological and biochemical indicators, except to Hill reaction and chlorophyll a. In other words, mannitol pretreatment did not result in improvement of biological indicators of maize seedlings.【Conclusion】These results indicated that Glc and Sucpretreatments could promote the growth of aerial parts of maize seedlings by maintaining high P_n of leaves under normal environment. The sugar-induced salt stress resistance was associated with improved P_n in leaves, enhanced photosynthetic membrane system stability and photosynthetic pigment contents, activated the activity of PSII reaction, and improved the degree of stomatal opening, and carbon assimilation ability.

Key words: maize (Zea mays L.), glucose, sucrose, salt stress, photosynthesis

ZHAO Ying, YANG Ke-jun, ZHAO Chang-jiang, LI Zuo-tong, WANG Yu-feng, FU Jian, GUO Liang, LI Wen-sheng. Alleviation of the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress by Regulating Photosynthetic System and Active Oxygen Metabolism in Maize Seedlings[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(20): 3962-3972.

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Alleviation of the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress by Regulating Photosynthetic System and Active Oxygen Metabolism in Maize Seedlings

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