基于多元统计分析的小麦低温冻害评价及水分效应差异研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.07.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 1301-1318.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.07.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

基于多元统计分析的小麦低温冻害评价及水分效应差异研究

王洋洋^1,²(),刘万代^1,²,贺利^1,²(),任德超³,段剑钊^1,²,胡新³,郭天财^1,²,王永华^1,²,冯伟^1,²()

¹河南农业大学农学院/作物生长发育调控教育部重点实验室,郑州 450046
²国家小麦工程技术研究中心,郑州 450046
³商丘市农林科学院小麦研究所,河南商丘 476000

收稿日期:2021-06-09 接受日期:2021-10-08 出版日期:2022-04-01 发布日期:2022-04-18
通讯作者: 贺利,冯伟
作者简介:王洋洋,E-mail： wyy65wyy@163.com。
基金资助:
“十三五”国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”(2017YFD0300204)

Evaluation of Low Temperature Freezing Injury in Winter Wheat and Difference Analysis of Water Effect Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis

WANG YangYang^1,²(),LIU WanDai^1,²,HE Li^1,²(),REN DeChao³,DUAN JianZhao^1,²,HU Xin³,GUO TianCai^1,²,WANG YongHua^1,²,FENG Wei^1,²()

¹College of Agronomy, Henan Agriculture University/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450046
²National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Zhengzhou 450046
³Wheat Research Institute, Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu 476000, Henan

Received:2021-06-09 Accepted:2021-10-08 Online:2022-04-01 Published:2022-04-18
Contact: Li HE,Wei FENG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确不同水分条件下低温胁迫引起的小麦冻害程度,筛选冻害鉴定指标并建立冻害定量评估模型,为小麦生产科学防控低温冻害提供理论支撑。【方法】以弱春性品种偃展4110、兰考198和半冬性品种郑麦366、丰德存麦21为试验材料,在模拟冻害发生前一周进行灌水（W）和不灌水（D）处理,于雌雄蕊分化期将盆栽小麦移到低温模拟室进行处理,设置的温度为-2℃（T1）、-4℃（T2）、-6℃（T3）、-8℃（T4）和-10℃（T5）以及对照（CK为当天大田温度）,低温胁迫后的第2天测定小麦生理生化指标,将标准化后的各个生理指标进行主成分、隶属函数、聚类分析和逐步回归等多元统计分析。【结果】不同品种、水分、温度下的各单项生理生化指标之间大多存在着显著相关性,通过主成分分析将19个生理生化指标转化为6个相互独立的综合指标,其贡献度分别为55.972%、11.93%、7.168%、5.075%、4.236%和3.079%,代表了全部原始数据的87.459%的信息量,并根据隶属函数算法求出各处理的冻害程度综合评价值（F值）。以F值作为因变量,通过逐步回归分析筛选出7个关键指标,分别为叶绿素a、叶片含水量、脯氨酸、F_v/F_m、可溶性蛋白、MDA和SOD,并确立了定量估算F值的数学模型。同时,将F预测值与产量损失率进行相关性分析,线性方程决定系数R²= 0.898,表明该F预测模型能够很好地评价冻害程度。进一步对F预测值进行聚类分析,可将不同冻害处理划分为5类：未受冻（D-CK、W-CK）、轻度受冻（D-T1、W-T1）、中度受冻（D-T2、W-T2、W-T3）、重度受冻（D-T3、W-T4）以及特重受冻（D-T4、W-T5、D-T5）,其产量损失率分别为0、0—10%、10%—30%、30%—50%及50%以上,相同的温度和水分条件下弱春性品种的冻害程度重于半冬性品种,相同的品种和温度条件下不灌水处理的冻害程度重于灌水处理。具体考察所筛选的生理评价指标,随着低温胁迫的加重,叶绿素a、叶片含水量、Fv/Fm表现下降趋势,而脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和SOD活性表现先升后降的特征,MDA则为相反趋势。【结论】生产中在晚霜冻易发地区应选用半冬性品种,且依据天气预报寒流来临前加强灌水管理,并可在冻害发生时通过冻害评价指标及定量模型及时准确评估冻害发生程度,这有利于晚霜冻害的科学防控,为灾后产量恢复及决策管理提供依据。

关键词: 冬小麦, 晚霜冻害, 灌水, 综合评价, 评估模型

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to clarify the freezing injury degree of wheat under different water conditions caused by low temperature stress, the identification indexes and quantitative evaluation model of freezing injury were screened and established, which provided the theoretical support for prevention and control of freezing injury in wheat production. 【Method】 Weak spring cultivars of Yanzhan 4110 and Lankao 198, semi-winter cultivars of Zhengmai 366 and Fengdecunmai 21 were used as experimental materials. They were treated with irrigation (W) or no irrigation (D) one week before the freezing injury, respectively. Pot experiments were moved to a low-temperature simulation room during the female and male ear differentiation stages. The temperatures were set as -2℃ (T1), -4℃ (T2), -6℃ (T3), -8℃ (T4), -10℃ (T5) and control (CK is the field temperature on the same day). Physiological and biochemical indexes of wheat were measured on the second day after low temperature stress. The standardized physiological indexes were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal component, membership function, cluster analysis and step wise regression. 【Result】 There were significant correlations among the individual physiological and biochemical indexes under different cultivars, water contents and temperatures. Through principal component analysis, 19 physiological and biochemical indexes were transformed into 6 mutually independent comprehensive indexes, whose contribution degrees were 55.972%, 11.93%, 7.168%, 5.075%, 4.236% and 3.079%, respectively, representing 87.459% information of all original data. According to the membership function algorithm, the comprehensive evaluation value ( F value ) of freezing injury degree of each treatment was calculated. Take F value as the dependent variable, the seven key indexes were selected by stepwise regression analysis, namely chlorophyll a, leaf water content, proline, F_v/F_m, soluble protein, MDA and SOD, and the mathematical model for quantitative estimation of F value was established. At the same time, the correlation between F prediction value and yield loss rate was analyzed, and the linear equation determination coefficient R ²= 0.898, indicating that the F prediction model could well evaluate the freezing injury degree. F predicted value could be divided into five categories by further cluster analysis: non-freezing (D-CK, W-CK), mild frozen (D-T1, W-T1), moderate frozen (D-T2, W-T2, W-T3), severe frozen (D-T3, W-T4), and extremely severe frozen (D-T4, W-T5, D-T5). Corresponding yield loss rate were 0, 0-10%, 10%-30%, 30%-50% and more than 50%, respectively. Under the same temperature and moisture conditions, the freezing injury degree of weak spring varieties was heavier than that of semi-winter varieties, and the freezing injury degree of no irrigation treatment was heavier than that of irrigation treatment under the same varieties and temperature conditions. With the increasing of low temperature stress, chlorophyll a, leaf water content and F_v/F_m showed a decreasing trend, the activities of proline, soluble protein and SOD increased first and then decreased, while MDA showed an opposite trend. According to the clustering results, under the same temperature and water conditions, the freezing injury degree of weak spring cultivars was more serious than that of semi-winter cultivars. Under the same variety and temperature conditions, the freezing damage degree without irrigation was worse than that under irrigation. 【Conclusion】Therefore, the semi-winter varieties should be selected in the areas prone to late frost in production, and the irrigation management should be strengthened before a cold wave according to the weather forecast. When freezing injury happened, the injury degree could be accurately assessed in timely through the evaluation index and quantitative model, which was conducive to prevention and control of late frost injury, and provides technology basis for production recovery and decision management after freezing disaster.

Key words: winter wheat, frost damage degree, irrigation, comprehensive evaluation, estimation model

王洋洋,刘万代,贺利,任德超,段剑钊,胡新,郭天财,王永华,冯伟. 基于多元统计分析的小麦低温冻害评价及水分效应差异研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(7): 1301-1318.

WANG YangYang,LIU WanDai,HE Li,REN DeChao,DUAN JianZhao,HU Xin,GUO TianCai,WANG YongHua,FENG Wei. Evaluation of Low Temperature Freezing Injury in Winter Wheat and Difference Analysis of Water Effect Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(7): 1301-1318.

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指标 Index	不灌水 No irrigation (D)			灌水 Irrigation (W)			曼-惠特尼 U Mann-Whitney U
指标 Index	平均值 Mean	变化范围 Variation range	变异系数 Coefficient of variance	平均值 Mean	变化范围 Variation range	变异系数 Coefficient of variance	U值 U value	P
Chla	1.76	0.8-2.53	29.58	2.05	1.26-2.68	20.24	189.5	0.042
Chlb	0.55	0.32-0.80	24.54	0.58	0.43-0.75	15.77	170.5	0.015
Car	0.36	0.15-0.49	29.3	0.4	0.23-0.49	19.52	232.5	0.252
Chla+b	2.32	1.12-3.33	27.8	2.64	1.69-3.44	18.77	184	0.032
Chla/b	3.15	2.07-4.19	16.11	3.52	2.91-4.24	11.48	259	0.550
SWC	83.67	69.98-87.49	4.09	84.51	79.66-88.98	2.53	259	0.55
LWC	77.46	57.14-85.17	10.08	80.22	69.24-84.90	5.84	187	0.037
SSC	22.65	10.53-34.78	30.76	28.72	14.74-47.63	28	166	0.012
Pro	312.49	190.30-448.28	21.85	344.47	243.53-480.63	18.5	192	0.048
Y (II)	0.34	0.1-0.46	38.56	0.39	0.20-0.51	18.03	264	0.621
ETR	25.92	2.20-36.20	44.5	30.09	10.90-40.60	20.77	260	0.564
qP	0.41	0.11-0.63	42.56	0.49	0.19-0.63	30.02	187.5	0.038
F_v/F_m	0.59	0.10-0.84	46.72	0.65	0.28-0.84	32.72	160	0.008
F_v/F_o	3.38	0.64-5.31	46.06	3.59	1.43-5.42	32.41	190	0.043
SPC	24.65	12.45-33.16	25.63	27.96	18.87-38.76	17.37	187	0.037
CAT	2759.58	1549.16-4386.36	29.25	3147.65	1949.11-4782.55	26.71	191	0.045
MDA	22.43	12.99-47.60	52.12	19.5	11.35-39.77	44.59	190	0.043
POD	624.92	431.41-70.54	13.24	669.88	573.11-801.92	9.35	209	0.103
SOD	382.21	200.91-505.89	21.65	431.19	302.13-582.87	17.84	185	0.034

指标 index	Chla	Chlb	Car	Chla+b	a/b	SWC	LWC	SSC	Pro	Y (II)	ETR	qP	Fv/Fm	Fv/Fo	BCA	CAT	MDA	POD	SOD
Chla	1.000
Chlb	0.476**	1.000
Car	0.872**	0.34**	1.000
Chla+b	0.505**	0.237**	0.455**	1.000
Chla/b	0.825**	0.094	0.872**	0.442**	1.000
SWC	0.392**	0.362**	0.352**	0.112	0.257**	1.000
LWC	0.804**	0.361**	0.733**	0.518**	0.666**	0.488**	1.000
SSC	0.527**	0.07	0.524**	0.322**	0.591**	0.047	0.501**	1.000
Pro	0.659**	0.143	0.666**	0.277**	0.739**	0.217*	0.591**	0.702**	1.000
Y (II)	0.751**	0.134	0.813**	0.267**	0.782**	0.304**	0.669**	0.521**	0.71**	1.000
ETR	0.740**	0.12	0.801**	0.264**	0.778**	0.286**	0.657**	0.522**	0.711**	0.995**	1.000
qP	0.829**	0.264**	0.875**	0.411**	0.8**	0.362**	0.759**	0.57**	0.704**	0.917**	0.908**	1.000
Fv/Fm	0.838**	0.248**	0.85**	0.419**	0.826**	0.36**	0.805**	0.557**	0.697**	0.914**	0.904**	0.922**	1.000
Fv/Fo	0.805**	0.235**	0.826**	0.371**	0.784**	0.407**	0.708**	0.423**	0.631**	0.902**	0.887**	0.912**	0.907**	1.000
BCA	0.292**	-0.161	0.338**	0.017	0.422**	0.09	0.201*	0.278**	0.36**	0.407**	0.399**	0.347**	0.431**	0.406**	1.000
CAT	0.251**	0.04	0.243**	0.282**	0.349**	-0.047	0.274**	0.509**	0.415**	0.199*	0.192*	0.294**	0.32**	0.232*	0.367**	1.000
MDA	-0.827**	-0.336**	-0.819**	-0.352**	-0.761**	-0.416**	-0.786**	-0.572**	-0.72**	-0.734**	-0.724**	-0.795**	-0.798**	-0.78**	-0.391**	-0.367**	1.000
POD	0.394**	-0.105	0.378**	0.222*	0.540**	0.044	0.37**	0.362**	0.489**	0.43**	0.417**	0.393**	0.499**	0.472**	0.519**	0.492**	-0.526**	1.000
SOD	0.373**	-0.11	0.33**	0.252**	0.500**	-0.164	0.302**	0.764**	0.612**	0.41**	0.413**	0.462**	0.44**	0.368**	0.333**	0.634**	-0.469**	0.465**	1.000

主要因素Principal factor	第一主成分CI1	第二主成分CI2	第三主成分CI3	第四主成分CI4	第五主成分CI5	第六主成分CI6
特征值 Eigen value	10.635	2.267	1.362	0.964	0.805	0.585
方差百分比 Contributive ratio (%)	55.972	11.93	7.168	5.075	4.236	3.079
累积 Cumulative contributive ratio (%)	55.972	67.902	75.069	80.144	84.38	87.459
隶属函数权重 U (X) weight	0.64	0.14	0.08	0.06	0.05	0.04

基于多元统计分析的小麦低温冻害评价及水分效应差异研究

Evaluation of Low Temperature Freezing Injury in Winter Wheat and Difference Analysis of Water Effect Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis

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