中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 1319-1331.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.07.005
苟志文(),殷文(
),柴强(
),樊志龙,胡发龙,赵财,于爱忠,范虹
收稿日期:
2021-06-13
接受日期:
2021-10-08
出版日期:
2022-04-01
发布日期:
2022-04-18
通讯作者:
柴强
作者简介:
苟志文,E-mail: 基金资助:
GOU ZhiWen(),YIN Wen(
),CHAI Qiang(
),FAN ZhiLong,HU FaLong,ZHAO Cai,YU AiZhong,FAN Hong
Received:
2021-06-13
Accepted:
2021-10-08
Online:
2022-04-01
Published:
2022-04-18
Contact:
Qiang CHAI
摘要:
【目的】针对干旱灌区传统生产模式的资源利用率和产投比低等问题,研究小麦间作玉米集成麦后复种绿肥的光能利用率、灌溉水生产力及经济效益表现,结合试区常规种植模式,评价不同种植模式的可持续性,对于干旱灌区农业生产的节本增收有重要指导意义。【方法】2018—2020年,在河西绿洲灌区设置田间定位试验,研究了不同种植模式(春小麦间作玉米小麦收后复种绿肥(W-G//M)、春小麦间作玉米(W//M)、春小麦复种绿肥(W-G)、单作玉米(M)、单作春小麦(W))对生产系统叶日积、籽粒产量、光能利用率、灌溉水生产力以及经济效益的影响,综合以上相关指标,对各种植模式的可持续性进行评价。【结果】随着试验年度的延长,春小麦收后复种绿肥能显著提高主栽作物全生育期的总叶日积。W-G//M较W//M的叶日积提高了7.7%—7.8%。间作较单作以及麦后复种绿肥模式均能提高主栽作物籽粒产量,但同时也提高了生产成本的投入。2018和2019年,W-G//M处理和W//M处理的混合籽粒产量无显著差异,而2020年,W-G//M处理较W//M处理的籽粒产量提高了8.7%。W-G//M处理较M、W-G和W处理的纯收益分别提高16.7%—26.5%、78.5%—132.2%和35.9%—78.8%。2018年,W-G//M较W//M处理的纯收益降低了7.2%,但是2019和2020年,二者的纯收益无显著差异,且产投比也具有相似的趋势。复种绿肥能显著提高作物光能利用率,W-G//M处理较W//M处理的光能利用率提高了7.2%—14.1%;W-G处理较W处理的光能利用率提高了23.5%—52.1%。W-G处理较W处理的灌溉水生产力显著降低,降低了48.6%—54.3%(灌溉水利用效率)和30.9%—39.8%(单方灌溉水经济效益),而W-G//M处理和W//M处理的灌溉水生产力无显著差异。综合3年试验结果,W-G//M处理较其余4个处理的可持续性显著提高。【结论】在干旱绿洲灌区,间作以及麦后复种绿肥能提高主栽作物籽粒产量和经济效益,且灌溉水生产力和光能利用率也随之提高,进而使得该模式的可持续性提高,因此,春小麦间作玉米结合小麦收后复种绿肥技术可作为提高资源利用以及农民收益的可持续种植模式。
苟志文,殷文,柴强,樊志龙,胡发龙,赵财,于爱忠,范虹. 干旱灌区小麦间作玉米麦后复种绿肥的可持续性分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(7): 1319-1331.
GOU ZhiWen,YIN Wen,CHAI Qiang,FAN ZhiLong,HU FaLong,ZHAO Cai,YU AiZhong,FAN Hong. Analysis of Sustainability of Multiple Cropping Green Manure in Wheat-Maize Intercropping After Wheat Harvested in Arid Irrigation Areas[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(7): 1319-1331.
表1
武威试验站2018—2020年作物生育期内逐月气象资料"
年份 Year | 项目 Item | 三月 March | 四月 April | 五月 May | 六月 June | 七月 July | 八月 August | 九月 September | 十月 October | 全生育期 Entire growing period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | 降水量 Precipitation (mm) | 1.0 | 21.1 | 4.3 | 8.2 | 27.5 | 161.5 | 13.1 | 4.9 | 241.6 |
气温 Temperature (℃) | 7.0 | 11.0 | 17.4 | 21.9 | 23.1 | 20.7 | 13.6 | 5.9 | 15.1 | |
2019 | 降水量 Precipitation (mm) | 0.0 | 7.5 | 26.4 | 61.3 | 31.0 | 25.2 | 19.9 | 20.8 | 192.1 |
气温 Temperature (℃) | 3.3 | 13.2 | 15.2 | 20.2 | 21.5 | 21.1 | 16.1 | 7.3 | 14.7 | |
2020 | 降水量 Precipitation (mm) | 1.8 | 0.0 | 11.4 | 10.3 | 28.4 | 31.5 | 64.3 | 2.0 | 149.7 |
气温 Temperature (℃) | 4.0 | 10.7 | 16.4 | 21.4 | 22.6 | 20.9 | 15.8 | 7.3 | 14.9 |
表3
不同种植模式及复种绿肥对经济效益的影响"
处理 Treatments | 总收入Gross revenue | 纯收益Net benefit | 产投比Output/input | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
W-G//M | 34709a | 32425a | 36740a | 20825b | 18631a | 22843a | 2.50b | 2.35b | 2.64a |
W//M | 35325a | 30671a | 34769b | 22443a | 17987a | 21972a | 2.74a | 2.42b | 2.72a |
M | 29286b | 26029b | 27842c | 18629c | 15420b | 17368b | 2.75a | 2.45b | 2.66a |
W-G | 20748c | 21190c | 22225d | 9665e | 10078d | 11091d | 1.87c | 1.91c | 2.00b |
W | 20176c | 20761c | 20440d | 12556d | 13239c | 12936c | 2.65a | 2.76a | 2.72a |
表4
不同种植模式对光能利用率、灌溉水利用效率及单方灌溉水经济效益的影响"
处理 Treatment | 光能利用率 Light use efficiency (%) | 灌溉水利用效率 Irrigation water use efficiency (kg·hm-2·m-3) | 单方灌溉水经济效益 Economic benefit per cubic meter irrigation water (yuan·hm-2·m-3) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
W-G//M | 2.32a | 2.39a | 2.43a | 3.06b | 2.86ab | 2.91a | 4.34b | 3.88b | 4.76b |
W//M | 2.00b | 2.23b | 2.13b | 3.11b | 2.66bc | 2.68b | 4.68b | 3.75b | 4.58b |
M | 1.77c | 1.92c | 1.74c | 3.32a | 2.94a | 2.95a | 4.60b | 3.81b | 4.29b |
W-G | 1.78c | 1.68c | 1.75c | 1.67d | 1.65d | 1.69d | 2.42c | 2.52c | 2.77c |
W | 1.17d | 1.36d | 1.23d | 2.78c | 2.58c | 2.45c | 5.23a | 5.52a | 5.39a |
表5
间作及复种绿肥对生产系统可持续性的影响"
处理 Treatment | 评价指标 Evaluation component | 可持续评价指数 Evaluation index | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
叶日积 Lear area duration | 籽粒产量 Grain yield | 总投入 Total cost | 纯收益 Net return | 产投比 Input/ output | 光能利用率 Light use efficiency | 灌溉水利用效率 Irrigation water use efficiency | 单方灌溉水经济效益 Economic benefit per cubic meter irrigation water | ||
W-G//M | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.88a |
W//M | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.83b |
M | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.83b |
W-G | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.55d |
W | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.68c |
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