大花型茶专用菊杂交后代株系的综合评价与筛选

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.20.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过建立大花型茶专用菊综合评价体系,筛选出综合表现优异的株系,为大花型茶专用菊新品种选育提供理论参考和物质基础。【方法】以大花型茶专用菊品种‘金丝黄菊’的46个经田间初选的杂交后代无性株系及5个亲本为供试材料,从农艺性状、感官品质、有效成分等方面共选取花干重、舌状花数、盛花期、株高、冠幅、单株花数、干花产量、抗旱性、抗病性、干花径、干花形、干花色、香气、汤花、汤色、滋味及总黄酮、绿原酸、木犀草苷和3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量等20个性状指标作为评价因子,利用层次分析法及K-Means聚类分析法建立综合评价体系,开展杂种株系的综合筛选。【结果】通过对大花型茶专用菊F₁代株系性状进行观测与分析,结果表明,较多F₁代株系花期相对较晚。其抗旱能力相比‘金丝黄菊’有一定提高,抗病性综合表现一般。较多F₁代株系在花部观赏性上得到了一定程度的改良,但整体上花径没有明显增加,在生长、产量指标及滋味上尚有不足。应用层次分析法确定了各性状的权重值,其中干花径权重值最大,为0.148;其次是汤花、汤色、滋味,权重值均为0.084;再次是盛花期和干花产量,权重值均为0.080。通过K-Means聚类分析法将材料划分为3个等级,优等6个、良等29个、差等16个,分别占11.76%、56.86%、31.37%。其中,优等株系相比‘金丝黄菊’来说,其单花花序更重,花瓣宽厚且瓣性更高,花色更为纯正鲜亮,有效成分含量也较高,可进一步进行生产区域试验。【结论】应用层次分析法及K-Means聚类分析法构建的综合评价体系,最终筛选出5个农艺性状佳、抗性强、品质高的优良株系。

关键词: 茶用菊, 大花型, 杂种F₁代, 层次分析法, 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】The purpose was to establish an evaluation system to screen out elite hybrid lines of large-flowered tea chrysanthemum, so as to provide a theory reference and material base for the breeding of new varieties. 【Method】A total of 20 factors representative of agronomic traits, sensory quality, and active ingredient were investigated for 46 F₁ offsprings derived from maternal large-flowered tea chrysanthemum Jinsi Huangju and for five parental cultivars, including dry flower weight, ray floret number, florescence, plant height, crown diameter, number of flowers per plant, yield of dry flower, drought resistance, disease resistance, dry flower diameter, dry flower type, dry flower color, aroma, liquor flower type, liquor flower color, taste, total flavones, chlorogenic acid, luteolin glycosides, and iso-chlorogenic acid A. The analytic hierarchy process and K-Means cluster analysis were used to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for assessing the hybrid offsprings. 【Result】Through the observation and analysis of the characters of F₁ offsprings of large-flowered tea chrysanthemum, the results showed that the flowering period of most F₁ offsprings was relatively late. Compared with ‘Jinsi Huangju’, the drought resistance of F₁offsprings was improved to a certain extent, but the disease resistance was average. The inflorescence-related ornamental traits of the most F₁ offspring were generally improved, but the flower diameter was not significantly increased, and the performances of growth, yield and taste traits were not improved as expected. The weight of the 20 factors was determined by analytic hierarchy process, and the result showed that dry flower diameter shared the largest weight value of 0.148, followed by liquor flower type, liquor flower color, and taste with a weight value of 0.084, florescence and yield of dry flower with a weight value of 0.080. The K-Means cluster analysis divided the investigated materials into 3 grades, i.e., 6 superior, 29 good, and 16 poor accessions, accounted for 11.76%, 56.86%, and 31.37%, respectively. Among them, compared with Jinsi Huangju, the superior F₁ offsprings showed heavier fresh flower weight, wider and thicker petals, and more petals, more pure and bright color, higher active ingredients, which could be further conducted regional test. 【Conclusion】The evaluation system of large-flowered tea chrysanthemum was established by the analytic hierarchy process and K-Means cluster analysis, and 5 elite hybrid lines with good agronomic traits, strong resistance, high quality were screened out for future breeding use.

Key words: tea chrysanthemum, large-flowered type, F₁ hybrid, analytic hierarchy process, comprehensive evaluation

胡馨, 张职亮, 张飞, 邓波, 房伟民. 大花型茶专用菊杂交后代株系的综合评价与筛选[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(20): 4036-4051.

HU Xin, ZHANG ZhiLiang, ZHANG Fei, DENG Bo, FANG WeiMin. Comprehensive Evaluation and Selection of Hybrid Offsprings of Large-Flowered Tea Chrysanthemum[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(20): 4036-4051.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.20.014

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2022/V55/I20/4036

图/表 10

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表7

46个F1代株系及亲本指标统计表"

材料 Material	盛花期 Florescence	花干重 Dry flower weight (g)	舌状花数 Ray floret number	株高 Plant Height (cm)	冠幅 Crown Diameter (cm)	单株花数 Number of flowers per plant	干花产量 Yield of dry flower (kg∙hm^-2)	抗旱性 Drought resistance	抗病性 Disease resistance			干花径 Dry flower diameter (mm)	干花形 Dry flower type	干花色 Dry flower color	气味 Aroma	汤花 Liquor flower type	汤色 Liquor flower color	滋味 Taste	总黄酮 Total flavones (mg·g^-1)	绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid (%)	木犀草苷 Luteolin glycosides (%)	3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸 Iso- chlorogenic acidA (%)
材料 Material	盛花期 Florescence	花干重 Dry flower weight (g)	舌状花数 Ray floret number	株高 Plant Height (cm)	冠幅 Crown Diameter (cm)	单株花数 Number of flowers per plant	干花产量 Yield of dry flower (kg∙hm^-2)	抗旱性 Drought resistance	黑斑病 Alternaria leaf spot	枯萎病 Fusarium wilt	田间病害 Field disease	干花径 Dry flower diameter (mm)	干花形 Dry flower type	干花色 Dry flower color	气味 Aroma	汤花 Liquor flower type	汤色 Liquor flower color	滋味 Taste	总黄酮 Total flavones (mg·g^-1)	绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid (%)	木犀草苷 Luteolin glycosides (%)
金丝黄菊 Jinsi Huangju*	11.5	0.66	280	55.4	39.1	52	2981.10	IV	MS	R	强 Strong	71.24	17.5	16.7	14.5	17.4	16.6	16.7	110.87	0.38	0.64	1.15
QD3-13*	11.16	0.49	267	40.9	25.3	31	1680.90	I	MS	MR	弱 Weak	58.17	15.2	16.0	12.0	14.8	16.5	14.8	157.21	0.63	1.22	1.41
QD3-110*	11.9	0.48	333	59.0	30.7	33	1927.80	IV	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	57.17	16.0	17.8	11.8	15.6	17.2	12.2	84.21	0.47	0.37	1.00
QD3-121*	10.25	1.20	264	53.3	35.8	19	2257.35	III	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	70.02	14.7	14.2	11.7	15.3	14.5	12.5	57.61	0.27	0.10	0.87
QD3-122*	10.28	0.67	322	38.8	22.3	15	536.55	IV	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	56.99	15.6	15.3	12.5	14.5	14.9	12.0	99.67	0.24	0.14	1.40
A28-5	10.26	0.54	228	36.3	23.2	18	530.70	V	MS	R	强 Strong	65.53	15.8	12.7	14.5	16.6	15.0	14.5	75.14	0.37	0.22	0.81
A33-1	10.26	0.57	250	49.0	37.7	44	1931.40	IV	MS	MR	弱 Weak	65.51	13.5	13.8	15.9	15.6	15.4	15.0	75.34	0.47	0.18	1.30
A41-6	10.26	0.54	280	43.9	27.5	16	814.95	V	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	63.70	14.1	13.5	12.8	14.7	16.6	13.3	80.61	0.57	0.29	1.16
A45-6	10.26	0.54	330	39.2	41.1	45	1889.25	II	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	67.16	15.7	13.0	14.2	16.0	15.3	14.9	101.07	0.47	0.57	1.77
A49-4	11.6	0.69	280	69.7	32.4	29	1945.50	III	MS	R	强 Strong	67.16	16.5	13.2	15.8	15.5	14.0	13.2	101.34	0.53	0.17	1.49
A63-1	11.13	0.67	365	59.5	35.3	23	1732.05	V	MS	R	强 Strong	61.02	14.7	14.2	10.8	12.0	13.5	8.5	129.07	0.65	0.47	1.71
A67-6	10.23	0.66	380	52.7	38.7	39	1946.40	III	S	MR	较强 Slightly strong	55.03	16.8	14.3	12.0	16.8	15.3	12.8	107.74	0.40	0.31	1.06
A77-6	10.26	0.59	271	55.1	41.2	50	1932.15	II	MS	R	较强 Slightly strong	60.38	16.1	13.5	14.5	16.0	15.7	16.0	96.34	0.79	0.30	1.93
A94-3	10.30	0.50	319	57.0	31.6	22	784.95	III	MS	S	强 Strong	69.24	16.0	13.5	13.8	15.5	15.5	15.0	85.34	0.46	0.38	1.89
B9-1	10.26	0.54	226	37.3	31.1	29	640.35	II	MS	MR	弱 Weak	56.99	11.8	12.0	14.2	12.7	14.2	14.0	107.54	0.33	0.13	0.79
B16-3	11.12	0.79	225	79.3	36.5	33	2237.85	IV	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	71.45	13.3	14.5	16.5	15.8	15.9	16.0	113.47	0.73	0.48	1.19
B30-6	11.6	0.48	229	62.1	31.2	46	1480.80	II	S	S	弱 Weak	55.42	15.7	13.8	14.0	16.5	16.7	10.8	109.41	0.49	0.46	0.96
B32-2	10.26	0.51	220	54.6	42.8	33	1283.10	II	MS	MR	弱 Weak	61.62	12.5	14.0	11.5	12.8	15.2	12.5	111.87	0.39	0.46	0.97
B40-3	11.1	1.25	294	29.9	27.1	14	1298.55	III	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	83.64	16.6	13.5	16.2	16.5	15.6	16.5	61.27	0.22	0.17	0.64
B48-5	10.26	0.63	219	72.4	43.2	37	2835.15	II	R	MR	较强 Slightly strong	61.88	13.0	12.8	14.0	14.5	15.1	13.7	82.94	0.27	0.29	1.53
B56-5	11.3	0.49	256	53.7	34.5	35	2066.10	III	R	MR	较强 Slightly strong	61.36	14.5	12.8	14.4	14.5	15.2	13.5	131.74	0.79	0.32	2.38
B64-1	11.5	0.43	258	59.9	43.3	37	2518.80	III	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	59.98	11.4	12.2	13.5	12.2	15.5	12.3	79.61	0.50	0.16	1.07
C7-5	11.5	0.48	203	65.1	32.3	27	1411.35	V	S	MR	弱 Weak	64.77	9.5	11.8	13.6	13.0	13.5	12.7	124.01	0.42	0.92	1.31
C31-1	11.8	0.33	220	64.8	36.3	62	2094.75	II	MS	R	强 Strong	60.58	10.7	15.2	13.2	11.7	11.7	11.0	133.34	0.57	0.68	1.69
C32-4	11.8	0.63	358	72.5	37.1	44	2264.85	III	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	59.55	16.7	14.6	14.5	16.5	16.2	15.5	141.01	0.40	0.51	1.51
C41-1	11.8	0.71	313	74.0	37.1	43	2970.30	III	MS	R	强 Strong	71.74	16.4	15.9	14.7	17.4	16.6	16.7	119.27	0.41	0.63	1.13
C44-1	11.11	0.74	323	70.0	33.0	34	1886.40	I	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	63.81	16.2	16.8	15.5	17.5	16.8	17.0	108.81	0.39	0.43	1.08
C45-1	11.8	0.45	248	62.3	36.3	72	3960.75	I	MS	MR	弱 Weak	58.76	11.0	17.2	13.0	12.4	16.5	14.8	170.34	0.52	0.63	1.55
C46-3	11.6	0.74	252	56.1	32.8	21	1409.85	II	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	73.17	16.0	16.7	14.8	16.2	16.6	15.7	104.94	0.36	0.55	0.72
C64-3	11.11	0.60	316	74.2	37.5	55	2700.90	II	MS	MR	弱 Weak	56.40	16.3	16.2	15.0	16.8	16.8	15.9	119.01	0.30	0.62	0.99
C64-4	11.8	0.72	321	70.9	36.7	19	1760.85	V	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	61.92	15.5	16.4	14.7	15.0	16.6	16.2	130.21	0.50	0.76	1.44
JQ1-2	11.11	0.65	282	77.0	35.3	37	2670.15	IV	MS	R	强 Strong	64.87	15.9	17.6	15.3	16.3	17.4	16.5	69.01	0.24	0.14	0.76
JQ1-3	11.13	0.63	313	66.9	31.2	37	2701.95	III	R	R	强 Strong	61.84	15.8	16.6	14.5	15.3	17.2	15.8	57.27	0.21	0.17	0.61
JQ1-4	11.7	0.32	222	64.8	37.1	46	1733.40	V	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	56.34	10.6	15.5	14.3	15.3	16.0	14.3	102.14	0.39	0.40	1.41
JQ3-1	11.12	0.55	260	77.3	31.2	50	3529.95	III	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	59.14	13.5	17.4	16.3	16.9	16.8	14.7	82.74	0.62	0.40	1.08
JQ3-5	11.7	0.57	213	53.7	36.3	45	3544.20	IV	MS	R	强 Strong	65.90	15.6	15.0	12.5	13.5	16.0	8.7	106.14	0.55	0.64	1.44
JQ3-6	11.3	0.54	292	54.8	35.5	42	2915.85	IV	MS	R	强 Strong	61.13	15.8	15.5	11.7	14.3	15.8	8.7	87.61	0.38	0.13	1.01
JQ4-5	11.9	0.69	288	65.9	34.7	40	2514.60	IV	MS	R	强 Strong	59.59	13.2	14.8	11.5	13.8	14.6	10.0	51.61	0.39	0.11	0.85
JQ4-6	11.7	0.57	261	61.0	34.8	22	1048.50	IV	MS	R	强 Strong	58.54	14.2	17.0	12.3	14.3	14.2	9.8	60.81	0.46	0.14	1.13
JQ4-7	11.9	0.68	339	63.3	34.3	38	1973.85	II	R	R	较强 Slightly strong	66.63	16.0	15.7	12.0	17.4	16.3	9.0	139.61	0.62	0.76	1.45
JQ5-2	11.7	0.51	246	63.2	37.0	44	1897.20	III	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	66.59	13.8	16.0	11.4	17.0	17.3	12.3	129.94	0.46	0.57	1.41
JQ5-3	11.9	0.47	243	60.0	35.1	62	2615.10	III	MS	R	强 Strong	61.37	15.7	16.6	12.0	15.0	16.2	8.5	134.27	0.50	0.89	1.37
JQ5-4	11.13	0.87	290	48.3	28.5	21	1085.55	II	R	MR	强 Strong	66.91	14.8	16.8	11.3	14.8	16.0	9.8	126.94	0.61	1.10	1.30
JQ6-1	11.7	0.55	204	61.6	33.3	25	1554.60	III	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	68.39	13.8	17.5	11.7	15.0	17.6	9.5	119.47	0.36	0.72	1.41
JQ6-5	11.5	0.55	278	70.9	33.2	52	2351.25	IV	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	62.72	14.2	16.5	11.7	15.0	13.8	8.5	85.81	0.41	0.44	0.97
JQ7-1	11.5	0.45	204	60.0	33.5	59	2315.55	V	MS	MR	较强 Slightly strong	58.96	15.0	14.8	11.0	13.6	14.8	9.5	74.81	0.42	0.46	1.05
JQ7-3	11.14	0.80	387	82.9	35.3	44	1499.55	II	S	R	较强 Slightly strong	68.06	16.0	18.0	12.8	14.5	15.5	11.5	79.54	0.25	0.38	0.78
JQ7-6	11.5	0.63	311	68.9	36.5	36	1657.50	III	MS	R	强 Strong	65.87	16.8	17.8	12.8	13.3	14.9	9.3	118.41	0.50	0.71	1.60
JQ12-1	11.8	0.58	203	68.1	32.7	52	2648.85	III	MS	R	强 Strong	65.49	12.5	15.3	13.5	12.8	14.2	9.5	115.21	0.50	0.58	1.51
JQ12-2	11.9	0.57	205	60.4	32.7	37	2522.55	III	MS	R	强 Strong	68.45	16.2	17.5	15.2	16.6	17.5	15.8	131.94	0.42	0.70	1.31
JQ12-3	11.5	0.39	204	61.1	29.3	33	2218.05	I	MS	R	强 Strong	58.85	12.3	16.5	11.7	13.9	14.2	9.0	105.67	0.38	0.38	0.97
F₁代株系均值 Mean of F₁ lines		0.60	270.14	61.12	34.67	37.97	2028.83					63.55	14.5	15.1	13.5	15.0	15.6	12.8	103.91	0.46	0.45	1.25

表7

表8

表9

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品种 Cultivar	盛花期（月-日） Florescence (M-D)	花色 Color	花型 Flower type	鲜花径 Fresh flower diameter (mm)	舌状花数 Ray floret number
金丝黄菊 Jinsi Huangju	11-05	黄 Yellow	重瓣 Double flower	105.30±11.19	280±27
QD3-122	10-28	黄Yellow	重瓣 Double flower	82.63±7.86	322±19
QD3-121	10-25	白 White	重瓣 Double flower	101.16±14.47	264±23
QD3-13	11-16	黄Yellow	半重瓣 Semidouble flower	82.62±7.02	267±29
QD3-110	11-09	黄Yellow	重瓣 Double flower	83.00±7.28	333±32

性状 Trait		表型描述 Phenotype description	分值 Score	最终赋分 Final assignment
盛花期 Florescence		比‘金丝黄菊’盛花期早5天以上 More than 5 days earlier than Jinsi Huangju	3	3
		于‘金丝黄菊’盛花期前后5天 5 days before and after Jinsi Huangju	2	2
		比‘金丝黄菊’盛花期晚5天以上 More than 5 days later than Jinsi Huangju	1	1
耐旱性 Drought resistance		高抗旱、抗旱 Highly drought resistance, drought resistant	3	3
		低抗旱、不抗旱 Less drought resistant, drought susceptible	2	2
		极不抗旱 Highly drought susceptible	1	1
抗病性 Disease resistance	黑斑病 Alternaria leaf spot disease	免疫、抗病 Immune, disease resistant	3	3（总分为8、9 Total score of 8, 9）
		中感 Moderately susceptible	2
		感病 Susceptible	1
	枯萎病 Fusarium wilt	免疫、抗病 Immune, disease resistant	3	2（总分为6、7 Total score of 6, 7）
		中抗 Moderately resistant	2
		感病 Susceptible	1
	田间病害 Field disease	强 Strong	3	1（总分为3、4、5 Total score of 3, 4, 5）
		较强 Slightly strong	2
		弱 Weak	1

分值 Score	指标Indicator
分值 Score	干花形 Dry flower type	干花色 Dry flower color	香气 Aroma	汤花 Liquor flower type	汤色 Liquor flower color	滋味 Taste
1-6	花瓣散瓣、卷曲、管状花裸露10轮以上 Petals are scattered, curly, tubular flowers are exposed for more than 10 rounds	色泽不均匀、暗淡 Uneven and dull	无香味或异味 Odorless or unpleasant odor	花朵卷曲散瓣 Petals are curly and scattered	色泽暗淡、浑浊或无色 Dull, turbid or colorless	苦涩或异味 Bitter and astringent or unpleasant taste
7-13	花瓣略微散瓣、较舒展、较厚实、管状花裸露5—10轮 Petals are slightly scattered and unfurled, slightly wide and thick, tubular flowers are exposed for 5-10 rounds	色泽稍暗淡、无杂色 Slightly dull and no mottled	菊香较平淡、较持久 Slightly insipid and lasting	花朵舒展,略微散瓣 Petals are unfurled and slightly scattered	色泽欠亮 Less bright	较甘醇或味清淡 Slightly and mellow or insipid
14-20	花瓣完整、舒展、厚实、管状花裸露0—4轮 Petals are intact, unfurled, wide and thick, tubular flowers are exposed for 0-4 rounds	色泽均匀、纯正、鲜亮 Even, pure and bright	菊香浓郁、持久 Strong and lasting	花朵舒展无散瓣 Petals are unfurled and not scattered	色泽油润,清澈明亮 Clear and bright	甘醇微甜 Mellow and sweet

Z目标层 Target layer	C约束层 Constraint layer	P标准层 Standard layer
大花型茶专用菊综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation of large-flowered tea chrysanthemum	C1农艺性状 Agronomic traits	P1花干重 Dry flower weight
		P2舌状花数 Ray floret number
		P3盛花期 Florescence
		P4株高 Plant height
		P5冠幅 Crown diameter
		P6单株花数 Number of flowers per plant
		P7干花产量 Yield of dry flower
		P8抗旱性 Drought resistance
		P9抗病性 Disease resistance
		P10干花径 Dry flower diameter
	C2感官品质 Sensory quality	P11干花形 Dry flower type
		P12干花色 Dry flower color
		P13香气 Aroma
		P14汤花 Liquor flower type
		P15汤色 Liquor flower color
		P16滋味 Taste
	C3有效成分 Active ingredient	P17总黄酮 Total flavones
		P18绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid
		P19木犀草苷 Luteolin glycosides
		P20 3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸 Iso-chlorogenic acid A

Z-(C1,...,C3)
Z		C1								C2						C3
C1		1								1/2						3
C2		2								1						3
C3		1/3								1/3						1
λ=3.05, C.I.=0.03, C.R.=0.04
C1-(P1,...,P8)
C1		P1	P2		P3			P4		P5		P6		P7				P8		P9
P1		1	2		1/3			3		3		1		1/3				1		1
P2		1/2	1		1/3			3		3		1/2		1/3				1/2		1/2
P3		3	3		1			5		5		3		1				3		3
P4		1/3	1/3		1/5			1		1		1/3		1/5				1/3		1/3
P5		1/3	1/3		1/5			1		1		1/3		1/5				1/3		1/3
P6		1	2		1/3			3		3		1		1/3				1		1
P7		3	3		1			5		5		3		1				3		3
P8		1	2		1/3			3		3		1		1/3				1		1
P9		1	2		1/3			3		3		1		1/3				1		1
λ=9.20, C.I.=0.02, C.R.=0.02
C2-(P10,...,P16)
C2		P10		P11			P12		P13				P14		P15				P16
P10		1		3			3		3				2		2				2
P11		1/3		1			1		1				1/2		1/2				1/2
P12		1/3		1			1		1				1/2		1/2				1/2
P13		1/3		1			1		1				1/2		1/2				1/2
P14		1/2		2			2		2				1		1				1
P15		1/2		2			2		2				1		1				1
P16		1/2		2			2		2				1		1				1
λ=7.01, C.I. = 0.00, C.R. = 0.00
C3-(P17,...,P20)
C3	P17					P18					P19						P20
P17	1					1					1						1
P18	1					1					1						1
P19	1					1					1						1
P20	1					1					1						1
λ=4.00, C.I.=0.00, C.R.=0.00