中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (1): 19-33.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.002
张陇艳1,2(),程功敏2,魏恒玲2,王寒涛2,芦建华2,马峙英1(
),喻树迅2(
)
收稿日期:
2020-04-22
接受日期:
2020-06-21
出版日期:
2021-01-01
发布日期:
2021-01-13
通讯作者:
马峙英,喻树迅
作者简介:
张陇艳,E-mail: 基金资助:
ZHANG LongYan1,2(),CHENG GongMin2,WEI HengLing2,WANG HanTao2,LU JianHua2,MA ZhiYing1(
),YU ShuXun2(
)
Received:
2020-04-22
Accepted:
2020-06-21
Online:
2021-01-01
Published:
2021-01-13
Contact:
ZhiYing MA,ShuXun YU
摘要:
【目的】研究棉花种子吸胀萌发期对低温胁迫的响应,多指标鉴定和综合评价萌发期供试品种(系)耐冷性,分析耐冷材料和冷敏感材料萌发期的生理生化特性,为进一步解析棉花耐冷性机理提供依据。【方法】以53份陆地棉品种(系)为试验材料,测定其在种子吸胀阶段的低温吸胀速率和低温相对吸胀速率,以及低温胁迫下萌发期的发芽指数、活力指数、平均发芽时间、平均发芽速度、发芽势、发芽率、萌发指数、芽鲜重、芽干重、胚鲜重、胚干重、物质效率和物质增长率等指标。利用相关分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析等方法对吸胀萌发期的15项形态指标进行耐冷性综合评价。同时测定低温胁迫下不同耐冷性材料的抗氧化物酶活性、渗透调节物质浓度的变化以及抗氧化物酶基因的表达规律。【结果】低温胁迫下,棉花种子萌发期的相对吸水量和吸水速率呈下降趋势,53份材料萌发期的各个指标均呈现显著差异。相关分析表明,吸胀阶段的两项指标相关性较强,它们与萌发阶段指标间的相关性不显著或负相关;芽鲜重、芽干重、活力指数、平均发芽速度和平均发芽时间能较好地反映各个材料萌发期的耐冷性强弱。主成分分析表明,15项耐冷指标通过简化可得到3个主成分,其贡献率分别为55.17%、18.27%和8.79%。隶属函数和聚类分析结果表明,53份材料根据萌发期耐冷综合评价指标可划分为4类:强耐冷(5份)、耐冷(13份)、不耐冷(26份)和冷敏感(9份),其中新陆中4号为耐冷性最强的材料。耐冷材料种胚内的SOD、POD和CAT酶活性能够在短时间内恢复至接近对照水平或超过对照,可溶性蛋白浓度始终显著高于冷敏感材料。抗氧化物酶基因的表达分析表明,POD酶基因和SOD酶基因的表达量变化与酶活力测定值变化结果基本一致。【结论】陆地棉萌发期鉴定指标呈多元化,胚芽鲜/干重、活力指数可作为萌发期耐冷性鉴定的正向指标,而平均发芽时间和平均发芽速度可作为萌发期耐冷性鉴定的负向指标。POD、SOD和CAT酶活力及可溶性蛋白浓度可作为棉花萌发期耐冷性鉴定的生理指标。
张陇艳,程功敏,魏恒玲,王寒涛,芦建华,马峙英,喻树迅. 陆地棉种子萌发期对低温胁迫的响应及耐冷性鉴定[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(1): 19-33.
ZHANG LongYan,CHENG GongMin,WEI HengLing,WANG HanTao,LU JianHua,MA ZhiYing,YU ShuXun. Chilling Tolerance Identification and Response to Cold Stress of Gossypium hirsutum Varieties (Lines) During Germination Stage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(1): 19-33.
表1
不同棉花材料萌发期各耐冷指标的差异"
指标 Indices | 极小值 Minimum | 极大值 Maximum | 均值 Average | 标准差 Standard deviation | 偏度 Skewness | 峰度 Kurtosis | 变异系数 Coefficient variation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
吸胀速率IR(%) | 0.070 | 0.619 | 0.279 | 0.147 | 0.480 | -0.859 | 0.527 |
相对吸胀速率RIR | 0.244 | 1.003 | 0.588 | 0.147 | 0.044 | 0.246 | 0.250 |
芽鲜重RFW (g) | 0.310 | 4.060 | 2.061 | 0.791 | -0.005 | 0.555 | 0.384 |
胚鲜重EFW (g) | 13.110 | 24.173 | 16.308 | 2.121 | 1.526 | 3.721 | 0.130 |
芽干重RDW (g) | 0.094 | 0.646 | 0.367 | 0.108 | -0.167 | 0.950 | 0.294 |
胚干重EDW (g) | 5.890 | 11.927 | 7.904 | 1.117 | 1.548 | 3.766 | 0.141 |
物质增长率MGR | 0.007 | 0.239 | 0.109 | 0.058 | 0.218 | -0.823 | 0.533 |
物质效率PE | 0.038 | 0.345 | 0.185 | 0.063 | 0.021 | 0.491 | 0.339 |
平均发芽速度AGS | 5.102 | 10.552 | 7.465 | 1.413 | 0.495 | -0.580 | 0.189 |
发芽指数GI | 2.342 | 19.985 | 13.201 | 4.014 | -0.834 | 0.430 | 0.304 |
活力指数VI | 0.860 | 78.310 | 29.845 | 16.441 | 0.542 | 1.176 | 0.551 |
平均发芽时间MGT (d) | 4.989 | 10.180 | 7.169 | 1.277 | 0.486 | -0.380 | 0.178 |
发芽势GP(%) | 0.003 | 0.823 | 0.146 | 0.181 | 1.951 | 3.851 | 1.235 |
发芽率GR(%) | 0.033 | 0.997 | 0.585 | 0.308 | -0.337 | -1.267 | 0.525 |
萌发指数SGC | 0.068 | 1.721 | 0.851 | 0.430 | -0.044 | -0.843 | 0.505 |
表2
萌发期各综合指标的系数及贡献率"
项目Items | 指标 Indices | CI1 | CI2 | CI3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
特征向量 Eigenvector | VI | 0.335 | 0.053 | 0.060 | |
SGC | 0.333 | -0.129 | -0.042 | ||
AGS | -0.333 | 0.141 | 0.011 | ||
GI | 0.331 | -0.141 | -0.016 | ||
MGT | -0.330 | 0.132 | 0.014 | ||
GR | 0.321 | -0.151 | -0.024 | ||
RFW | 0.315 | 0.107 | 0.079 | ||
RDW | 0.284 | 0.186 | 0.086 | ||
MGR | 0.258 | -0.150 | -0.031 | ||
GP | 0.238 | -0.066 | -0.020 | ||
EDW | 0.117 | 0.516 | 0.171 | ||
EFW | 0.132 | 0.490 | 0.109 | ||
IR | -0.077 | -0.365 | 0.481 | ||
RIR | -0.054 | -0.298 | 0.632 | ||
PE | -0.028 | -0.315 | -0.553 | ||
特征根Eigenvalue | 2.877 | 1.656 | 1.148 | ||
贡献率Contribution (%) | 55.169 | 18.274 | 8.786 | ||
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution (%) | 55.169 | 73.443 | 82.229 |
表3
各品种的综合指标值、权重、μ(X)、D值及综合评价"
品种(系) Variety (line) | CI1 | CI2 | CI3 | μ(X1) | μ(X2) | μ(X3) | D值 D value | 综合排名 Comprehensive ranking | 综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
中040712 Zhong040712 | 0.645 | -1.917 | 0.663 | 0.538 | 0.174 | 0.616 | 0.465 | 29 | Ⅲ |
中061832 Zhong061832 | -1.544 | -2.223 | 0.636 | 0.366 | 0.134 | 0.611 | 0.340 | 43 | Ⅲ |
中071239 Zhong071239 | -1.015 | -2.422 | 1.587 | 0.407 | 0.108 | 0.795 | 0.382 | 39 | Ⅲ |
PB12-1-10 | 3.693 | -1.882 | 1.264 | 0.777 | 0.178 | 0.733 | 0.639 | 6 | Ⅱ |
PB12-1-7 | 3.174 | -0.289 | -0.699 | 0.736 | 0.386 | 0.351 | 0.617 | 7 | Ⅱ |
PB12-1-8 | 0.366 | 0.328 | -0.442 | 0.516 | 0.466 | 0.401 | 0.493 | 23 | Ⅲ |
中1476 Zhong1476 | 1.993 | -2.235 | -1.035 | 0.644 | 0.132 | 0.286 | 0.492 | 24 | Ⅲ |
中152201 Zhong152201 | -3.498 | 0.583 | -0.271 | 0.212 | 0.499 | 0.435 | 0.300 | 46 | Ⅳ |
SQ152201 | -2.271 | -0.341 | -0.690 | 0.309 | 0.379 | 0.353 | 0.329 | 44 | Ⅲ |
中152214 Zhong152214 | 1.316 | -1.567 | -0.148 | 0.591 | 0.219 | 0.458 | 0.494 | 22 | Ⅲ |
中6426 Zhong6426 | 2.328 | -2.238 | 0.120 | 0.670 | 0.132 | 0.510 | 0.533 | 16 | Ⅱ |
N82 | 0.130 | -3.250 | -1.337 | 0.497 | 0.000 | 0.228 | 0.358 | 41 | Ⅲ |
朝阳棉1号 Chaoyangmian11 | 0.478 | -0.190 | -1.151 | 0.525 | 0.399 | 0.264 | 0.469 | 27 | Ⅲ |
邯2490 Han2490 | -1.115 | 0.500 | -0.958 | 0.400 | 0.488 | 0.301 | 0.409 | 36 | Ⅲ |
邯559 Han559 | 1.504 | -1.850 | -1.276 | 0.605 | 0.182 | 0.239 | 0.472 | 26 | Ⅲ |
黑山棉1号 Heishanmian1 | 1.541 | 2.037 | -0.892 | 0.608 | 0.689 | 0.314 | 0.595 | 9 | Ⅱ |
续 | |||||||||
品种(系) Variety (line) | CI1 | CI2 | CI3 | μ(X1) | μ(X2) | μ(X3) | D值 D value | 综合排名 Comprehensive ranking | 综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation |
晋棉5号 Jinmian5 | 2.201 | -0.306 | -2.273 | 0.660 | 0.384 | 0.046 | 0.533 | 17 | Ⅱ |
陕70 Shaan70 | -5.035 | 0.800 | 1.251 | 0.092 | 0.528 | 0.730 | 0.257 | 50 | Ⅳ |
石早1号 Shizao1 | -2.019 | -0.925 | 0.937 | 0.329 | 0.303 | 0.669 | 0.359 | 40 | Ⅲ |
夏25 Xia25 | 0.182 | -0.366 | -0.353 | 0.501 | 0.376 | 0.419 | 0.465 | 30 | Ⅲ |
中棉所14 Zhongmiansuo14 | 6.010 | 1.108 | 0.047 | 0.959 | 0.568 | 0.496 | 0.823 | 2 | Ⅰ |
中棉所37 Zhongmiansuo37 | 1.295 | -1.462 | 1.378 | 0.589 | 0.233 | 0.755 | 0.527 | 18 | Ⅱ |
中棉所64 Zhongmiansuo64 | 1.365 | -3.114 | 0.603 | 0.594 | 0.018 | 0.604 | 0.467 | 28 | Ⅲ |
中103026 Zhong103026 | -6.204 | -0.195 | 1.237 | 0.000 | 0.398 | 0.727 | 0.166 | 53 | Ⅳ |
中103030 Zhong103030 | 2.081 | 0.266 | -1.258 | 0.651 | 0.458 | 0.243 | 0.564 | 11 | Ⅱ |
中103032 Zhong103032 | -1.058 | 0.600 | 0.737 | 0.404 | 0.502 | 0.630 | 0.450 | 32 | Ⅲ |
中109056 Zhong109056 | -5.323 | -0.425 | 0.689 | 0.069 | 0.368 | 0.621 | 0.195 | 51 | Ⅳ |
中298 Zhong298 | 1.025 | 0.677 | 0.302 | 0.568 | 0.511 | 0.546 | 0.553 | 13 | Ⅱ |
春北保 Chunbeibao | -0.751 | -0.668 | 1.300 | 0.428 | 0.336 | 0.740 | 0.441 | 33 | Ⅲ |
邯7860 Han7860 | -2.864 | -1.177 | 1.216 | 0.262 | 0.270 | 0.723 | 0.313 | 45 | Ⅳ |
辽棉23号 Liaomian23 | -0.588 | 0.001 | -0.217 | 0.441 | 0.423 | 0.445 | 0.438 | 34 | Ⅲ |
中679 Zhong679 | 0.252 | -0.264 | 2.641 | 0.507 | 0.389 | 1.000 | 0.533 | 15 | Ⅱ |
垦0074 Ken0074 | -0.384 | 0.028 | 1.968 | 0.457 | 0.427 | 0.869 | 0.494 | 21 | Ⅲ |
川01 Chuan01 | -5.080 | 0.769 | -2.509 | 0.088 | 0.524 | 0.000 | 0.176 | 52 | Ⅳ |
T扩 T kuo | -4.419 | 0.930 | -0.135 | 0.140 | 0.544 | 0.461 | 0.264 | 49 | Ⅳ |
新陆中60号 Xinluzhong60 | -2.208 | 2.584 | -1.660 | 0.314 | 0.760 | 0.165 | 0.397 | 37 | Ⅲ |
新陆早32号 Xinluzao32 | 2.866 | -0.463 | -0.770 | 0.712 | 0.363 | 0.338 | 0.595 | 10 | Ⅱ |
新陆早38号 Xinluzao38 | -2.692 | 1.622 | -1.599 | 0.276 | 0.635 | 0.177 | 0.345 | 42 | Ⅲ |
新陆早40号 Xinluzao40 | 1.938 | -1.438 | -0.998 | 0.639 | 0.236 | 0.293 | 0.513 | 19 | Ⅲ |
新陆中4号 Xinluzhong4 | 6.532 | 3.814 | 0.495 | 1.000 | 0.920 | 0.583 | 0.938 | 1 | Ⅰ |
新陆中6号 Xinluzhong6 | 2.158 | 3.161 | 2.115 | 0.657 | 0.835 | 0.898 | 0.722 | 5 | Ⅰ |
新陆中9号 Xinluzhong9 | 3.166 | 4.427 | 0.561 | 0.736 | 1.000 | 0.596 | 0.780 | 4 | Ⅰ |
新陆中14号 Xinluzhong14 | -1.512 | 1.615 | -0.224 | 0.368 | 0.634 | 0.444 | 0.435 | 35 | Ⅲ |
新陆中15号 Xinluzhong15 | -2.626 | 1.562 | 0.754 | 0.281 | 0.627 | 0.634 | 0.395 | 38 | Ⅲ |
新陆中19号 Xinluzhong19 | 0.089 | 1.371 | -0.547 | 0.494 | 0.602 | 0.381 | 0.506 | 20 | Ⅲ |
新陆中20号 Xinluzhong20 | 1.085 | 1.736 | 1.165 | 0.572 | 0.649 | 0.714 | 0.605 | 8 | Ⅱ |
新陆中28号 Xinluzhong28 | -3.514 | 0.256 | -1.047 | 0.211 | 0.457 | 0.284 | 0.274 | 48 | Ⅳ |
新陆中32号 Xinluzhong32 | 5.675 | 0.913 | 0.987 | 0.933 | 0.542 | 0.679 | 0.819 | 3 | Ⅰ |
新陆中34号 Xinluzhong34 | -4.543 | 2.111 | -0.090 | 0.130 | 0.698 | 0.470 | 0.293 | 47 | Ⅳ |
惠和36 Huihe36 | 1.807 | 0.056 | -0.577 | 0.629 | 0.431 | 0.375 | 0.558 | 12 | Ⅱ |
新陆早60号 Xinluzao60 | 2.227 | -0.500 | -1.185 | 0.662 | 0.358 | 0.257 | 0.551 | 14 | Ⅱ |
惠远717 Huiyuan717 | 0.263 | -0.795 | 0.867 | 0.508 | 0.320 | 0.656 | 0.482 | 25 | Ⅲ |
锦棉2号 Jinmian2 | 0.877 | -1.352 | -1.179 | 0.556 | 0.247 | 0.258 | 0.456 | 31 | Ⅲ |
权重Weight | 6.532 | 4.427 | 2.641 |
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