不同光温条件谷子资源主要农艺性状的综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.13.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过在海南省、吉林省2个不同光温环境调查100份春谷材料和60份夏谷材料抽穗期、株高、叶片数、穗长、穗粗、穗码数、码粒数、穗重、穗粒重、千粒重10个主要性状，揭示春谷、夏谷光温反应特性，筛选出适合用于谷子光温敏感性评价的性状指标。【方法】在连续两年两个地点对100份春谷材料和60份夏谷材料10个主要农艺性状调查的基础上，利用方差分析，建立光温敏感性综合评价指标D值进行回归分析、通径分析，光温相对敏感度比较分析3种方法评价春谷、夏谷10个性状对光温反应的敏感性。【结果】方差分析表明春谷、夏谷10个性状在不同光温条件均存在显著差异（P＜0.01），说明光温条件对春谷和夏谷的影响是全方位的，无论春谷还是夏谷，抽穗期、株高、叶片数、穗长、穗粗、穗码数、码粒数、穗重、穗粒重9个性状在吉林光温条件下的调查值高于海南光温条件下的调查值，相反，千粒重在吉林光温条件下的调查值要低于在海南光温条件下的调查值；通过主成分分析建立光温敏感性综合评价指标D值，10个性状对D值进行回归分析、通径分析，春谷2个调查年份穗重、穗粒重、穗长、码粒数对D值直接效应较大，均表现较强的光温敏感性，夏谷2个调查年份结果差异较大，只有穗重、穗长2个性状对D值的效应较明显，均表现较强的光温敏感性；通过比较10个性状的光温相对敏感度，发现春谷2个调查年份穗重、穗粒重、抽穗期、穗长、穗码数光温相对敏感度较其他性状高，表现出更强的光温敏感性，夏谷2个年份穗重、穗长、抽穗期、穗码数光温相对敏感度较其他性状高，表现出更强的光温敏感性。综合D值回归分析、光温相对敏感度比较分析2个年份的结果及水稻研究成果，本研究认为春谷穗重、穗粒重、穗长、穗码数、抽穗期光温敏感性较强，其次为叶片数与株高，穗粗与千粒重光温敏感性较弱，码粒数光温敏感性不能确定；夏谷穗重、穗长、抽穗期、叶片数、穗码数光温敏感性较强，穗粗、码粒数、千粒重3个性状的光温敏感性较弱，穗粒重与株高的光温敏感性不确定。春谷和夏谷的穗重、穗长、抽穗期3个性状均稳定表现对光温较强敏感性。【结论】春谷、夏谷均受光温条件的显著影响，穗重、穗长、抽穗期3个性状在春谷和夏谷中均稳定表现对光温强敏感性，适合作为谷子光温敏感性评价的指标性状，叶片数适合作为夏谷光温敏感性评价指标，株高不适合用来评价谷子光温敏感性。

关键词: 谷子, 光温敏感性, 综合评价, 穗长, 抽穗期

Abstract: 【Objective】To uncover the characteristics of photo-thermo reaction of spring millet and summer millet, screen out the suitable traits for foxtail millet photo-thermo sensitivity evaluation, ten main agronomic traits including heading date, plant height, number of leaves, panicle length, panicle diameter, branch number per panicle, grain number per branch, panicle weight, grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight of 100 spring millet materials, 60 summer millet materials were investigated in two locations of Hainan and Jilin with different photo-thermo conditions.【Method】Based on the survey data of ten traits from 100 spring millet materials, 60 summer millet materials in two locations for two consecutive years, three methods including variance analysis, regression analysis and path analysis between ten traits and comprehensive evaluation index D value of photo-thermo sensitivity, photo-thermo relative sensitivity comparison analysis of ten traits were performed to evaluate the photo-thermo sensitivity of ten traits of spring millets and summer millets.【Result】Variance analysis showed that ten traits of both spring millets and summer millets were significant difference between two different photo-thermo conditions (p＜0.01), indicating the omnibearing effect of photo-thermo condition on spring millet and summer millet. The investigation values of heading date, plant height, number of leaves, panicle length, panicle diameter, branch number per panicle, grain number per branch, panicle weight, grain weight per panicle of both spring millets and summer millets in Jilin location were higher than that in Hainan location. On the contrary, the investigation value of 1000-grain weight under Jilin photo-thermo condition was lower than that under Hainan photo-thermo condition. Comprehensive evaluation index D value of photo-thermo sensitivity was constructed by principal component analysis, based on which regression analysis and path analysis were performed between ten traits and D value. The results showed that panicle weight, panicle length, grain weight per panicle and grain number per branch of spring millets had relatively high direct effect on D value in two investigation years, indicating a higher sensitivity of these traits to photo-thermo reaction. For summer millets, there was profound difference between two years, only panicle weight and panicle length had significant effect on D value, were sensitive to photo-thermo reaction in two years. By comparing the relative photo-thermo sensitivity of ten traits, it was found that panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, heading date, panicle length and branch number per panicle of spring millets were more sensitive to photo-thermo reaction than other traits in two years. Meanwhile, panicle weight, panicle length, heading date, branch number per panicle and number of leaves of summer millets were more sensitive to photo-thermo reaction than other traits in two years. Combining the results by D value regression analysis, path analysis, photo-thermo relative sensitivity analysis for two years, and the research results of rice, we could conclude that for spring millets, panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, panicle length, branch number per panicle heading date showed strong photo-thermo sensitivity, following them were number of leaves and plant height, panicle diameter and 1000-grain weight showed weak photo-thermo sensitivity. The photo-thermo sensitivity of grain number per branch was uncertain. For summer millets, panicle weight, panicle length, heading date, number of leaves and branch number per panicle showed strong photo-thermo sensitivity, panicle diameter, grain number per branch and 1000-grain weight showed weak photo-thermo sensitivity. The photo-thermo sensitivity of grain weight per panicle and plant height was uncertain. Panicle weight, panicle length and heading date were the mutual traits of spring millets and summer millets that showed strong sensitivity to photo-thermo reaction.【Conclusion】Spring millets and summer millets were both significantly affected by photo-thermo conditions. Panicle weight, panicle length and heading date of spring millets and summer millets were more sensitive to photo-thermo reaction, which were suitable index traits for photo-thermo sensitivity evaluation of foxtail millet. Number of leaves was suitable for photo-thermo sensitivity evaluation of summer millets. Plant height was not suitable for photo-thermo sensitivity evaluation of foxtail millet.

Key words: Setaria italica; photo-thermo sensitivity, comprehensive evaluation, panicle length, heading date

贾小平，袁玺垒，李剑峰，张博，张小梅，郭秀璞，陈春燕. 不同光温条件谷子资源主要农艺性状的综合评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(13): 2429-2441.

JIA XiaoPing, YUAN XiLei, LI JianFeng, ZHANG Bo, ZHANG XiaoMei, GUO XiuPu, CHEN ChunYan. Comprehensive Evaluation of Main Agronomic Traits of Millet Resources Under Different Light and Temperature Conditions[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(13): 2429-2441.

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