中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 1127-1142.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.06.005
收稿日期:
2020-06-19
接受日期:
2020-07-30
出版日期:
2021-03-16
发布日期:
2021-03-25
通讯作者:
郭平毅
作者简介:
武翠卿,E-mail:基金资助:
CuiQing WU1(),JingXin SUN2,PingYi GUO3(
),HongFu WANG3,XinHui WU1
Received:
2020-06-19
Accepted:
2020-07-30
Online:
2021-03-16
Published:
2021-03-25
Contact:
PingYi GUO
摘要:
【目的】明晰栽培条件互作对谷子叶片光合特性、茎秆生物力学性质指标的耦合影响,为运用谷子茎秆生物力学性质进行抗倒伏特性评价,为优化谷子种植栽培条件及抗倒伏优种筛选提供合理农艺措施和理论支持。【方法】采用裂区试验设计方法,主区选取4个在生产中具有代表性的谷子品种,副区为基于不同的播种密度与施肥量、播种密度与水分、水分与施肥量互作处理栽培条件,系统研究了栽培措施对谷子生长发育以及茎秆抗倒伏生物力学性质的影响。【结果】(1)除水分对谷子茎秆节平均直径影响不显著外,谷子品种、施肥量、播种密度及水分4个因素对谷子的产量、光合生理特性及茎秆形态特性均有极显著影响(P<0.001);(2)谷子的千粒重、产量均随施肥量和水分的增加而增加;随播种密度的增加,千粒重呈下降趋势,产量呈现先上升后下降趋势;谷子旗叶SPAD值及最大荧光值(Fm)开花期显著高于灌浆期,开花期旗叶SPAD值、灌浆期旗叶Fm可作为谷子育种的目标性状;(3)播种密度对谷子田间倒伏率的影响最大,其次是水分、品种,施肥量的影响最小;(4)谷子茎秆倒数第二节的抗拉倒力与株高、节平均长度及茎秆节含水率显著负相关,与节平均直径显著正相关。【结论】不同农艺措施互作栽培条件下,单因子对谷子的产量、植株光合生理特性及茎秆力学性能影响最大;选择优良品种、合理密植(≤70万株/hm2)、适当水肥是提升谷子籽粒品质、增加产量、减少田间倒伏率的有效措施。
武翠卿,孙静鑫,郭平毅,王宏富,武新慧. 农艺措施对谷子产量及抗倒伏力学性能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(6): 1127-1142.
CuiQing WU,JingXin SUN,PingYi GUO,HongFu WANG,XinHui WU. Effects of Agronomic Managements on Yield and Lodging Resistance of Millet[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(6): 1127-1142.
表1
施肥量、密度处理对谷子产量、植株光合生理特性和茎秆特性的影响及显著性分析"
品种 Variety | 施肥量 Fertilizer application amount (kg·hm-2) | 播种密度 Seeding density (×104 plants/hm2) | 产量 Yield | 光合生理特性 The physiological characteristics of photosynthesis | 茎秆形态特性指标 Morphological index of stalk | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
千粒重 1000- grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | 开花期SPAD SPAD value at flowering stage | 灌浆期SPAD SPAD value at filling stage | 开花期 最大Fm Maximum Fm value at flowering stage | 灌浆期 最大Fm Maximum Fm value at filling stage | 倒伏率 Lodging rate (%) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 节平均 长度Average section length (cm) | 节平均 直径Average section diameter (cm) | ||||
优谷49 Yougu49 | 0 | 50 | 2.82 | 3313.23 | 36.21 | 34.18 | 2438 | 2197 | 0.77 | 128.26 | 4.18 | 0.93 | |
60 | 2.53 | 3688.15 | 35.89 | 34.36 | 2501 | 2221 | 2.93 | 132.21 | 4.37 | 0.89 | |||
70 | 2.01 | 3728.45 | 35.31 | 34.09 | 2588 | 2291 | 4.52 | 134.35 | 4.51 | 0.86 | |||
80 | 1.75 | 3589.32 | 35.19 | 33.89 | 2611 | 2348 | 6.72 | 138.66 | 4.62 | 0.78 | |||
90 | 50 | 3.1 | 3642.15 | 37.15 | 35.62 | 2568 | 2291 | 0.81 | 134.15 | 4.54 | 1.08 | ||
60 | 2.98 | 3712.61 | 37.24 | 36.01 | 2671 | 2418 | 2.86 | 137.33 | 4.72 | 1.03 | |||
70 | 2.67 | 3855.73 | 37.64 | 36.83 | 2721 | 2510 | 4.5 | 138.96 | 4.86 | 0.95 | |||
80 | 2.5 | 3799.12 | 37.12 | 36.98 | 2815 | 2600 | 6.64 | 142.50 | 4.96 | 0.86 | |||
180 | 50 | 3.28 | 3723.45 | 38.61 | 35.98 | 2731 | 2380 | 0.79 | 140.61 | 4.83 | 1.19 | ||
60 | 3.1 | 3746.11 | 38.38 | 35.91 | 2894 | 2522 | 2.91 | 141.46 | 4.91 | 1.11 | |||
70 | 2.99 | 3851.12 | 38.11 | 35.28 | 2931 | 2644 | 4.55 | 144.28 | 5.04 | 1.07 | |||
80 | 2.73 | 3888.56 | 38.01 | 35.73 | 3002 | 2741 | 6.57 | 144.85 | 5.21 | 0.95 | |||
270 | 50 | 3.33 | 3955.16 | 40.15 | 38.33 | 2845 | 2531 | 0.75 | 144.22 | 4.95 | 1.36 | ||
60 | 3.28 | 4255.87 | 39.95 | 37.66 | 3008 | 2648 | 2.88 | 146.27 | 5.06 | 1.24 | |||
70 | 3.14 | 4653.12 | 39.30 | 37.51 | 3132 | 2749 | 4.49 | 149.27 | 5.13 | 1.18 | |||
80 | 2.99 | 4878.66 | 39.12 | 37.98 | 3254 | 2841 | 6.6 | 149.37 | 5.34 | 1.12 | |||
公谷65 Gonggu65 | 0 | 50 | 2.32 | 3689.12 | 38.63 | 36.33 | 2594 | 2286 | 0.43 | 106.77 | 3.62 | 1.12 | |
60 | 2.21 | 3700.54 | 38.45 | 36.42 | 2655 | 2308 | 1.66 | 110.07 | 3.76 | 1.06 | |||
70 | 2.00 | 3751.21 | 37.95 | 36.01 | 2711 | 2364 | 2.97 | 112.24 | 3.88 | 1.02 | |||
80 | 1.97 | 3566.22 | 37.33 | 36.51 | 2803 | 2416 | 4.11 | 115.58 | 4.02 | 0.93 | |||
90 | 50 | 2.55 | 3762.11 | 40.21 | 37.86 | 2615 | 2322 | 0.45 | 110.39 | 3.89 | 1.21 | ||
60 | 2.40 | 3815.26 | 40.09 | 37.64 | 2711 | 2491 | 1.64 | 113.24 | 4.04 | 1.17 | |||
70 | 2.24 | 3954.65 | 40.16 | 37.91 | 2808 | 2611 | 2.85 | 115.70 | 4.14 | 1.09 | |||
80 | 1.88 | 3866.55 | 40.01 | 38.2 | 2902 | 2691 | 4.1 | 118.36 | 4.43 | 0.94 | |||
180 | 50 | 2.85 | 3966.87 | 42.58 | 40.36 | 2799 | 2491 | 0.38 | 114.50 | 4.14 | 1.28 | ||
60 | 2.62 | 4118.32 | 42.14 | 40.21 | 2945 | 2621 | 1.59 | 116.06 | 4.26 | 1.22 | |||
70 | 2.41 | 4523.62 | 42.53 | 40.32 | 3041 | 2715 | 2.9 | 118.88 | 4.45 | 1.18 | |||
80 | 2.31 | 4526.98 | 42.21 | 40.76 | 3112 | 2801 | 4.08 | 120.59 | 4.61 | 1.04 | |||
270 | 50 | 3.23 | 4000.59 | 44.87 | 42.82 | 3002 | 2605 | 0.4 | 116.85 | 4.28 | 1.39 | ||
60 | 3.18 | 4315.87 | 44.55 | 42.31 | 3155 | 2713 | 1.62 | 118.93 | 4.40 | 1.31 | |||
70 | 3.05 | 4688.15 | 44.1 | 42.08 | 3207 | 2822 | 2.93 | 122.19 | 4.52 | 1.24 | |||
80 | 2.97 | 4766.52 | 43.95 | 42.24 | 3310 | 2924 | 4.11 | 123.78 | 4.72 | 1.18 | |||
品种 Variety | 施肥量 Fertilizer application amount (kg·hm-2) | 播种密度 Seeding density (×104 plants/hm2) | 产量 Yield | 光合生理特性 The physiological characteristics of photosynthesis | 茎秆形态特性指标 Morphological index of stalk | ||||||||
千粒重 1000- grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | 开花期SPAD SPAD value at flowering stage | 灌浆期SPAD SPAD value at filling stage | 开花期 最大Fm Maximum Fm value at flowering stage | 灌浆期 最大Fm Maximum Fm value at filling stage | 倒伏率 Lodging rate (%) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 节平均 长度Average section length (cm) | 节平均 直径Average section diameter (cm) | ||||
长生18 Changsheng18 | 0 | 50 | 2.58 | 2802.12 | 38.49 | 36.52 | 2591 | 2268 | 0.46 | 109.52 | 3.90 | 1.03 | |
60 | 2.15 | 2983.25 | 38.56 | 36.37 | 2677 | 2315 | 1.58 | 113.14 | 4.06 | 0.98 | |||
70 | 1.90 | 3001.22 | 38.17 | 36.24 | 2436 | 2381 | 3.01 | 115.29 | 4.19 | 0.94 | |||
80 | 1.73 | 2800.65 | 37.07 | 36.28 | 2799 | 2384 | 4.34 | 119.12 | 4.32 | 0.86 | |||
90 | 50 | 2.78 | 3052.65 | 40.53 | 38.14 | 2693 | 2411 | 0.45 | 114.27 | 4.21 | 1.18 | ||
60 | 2.43 | 3210.48 | 40.68 | 38.39 | 2751 | 2414 | 1.61 | 117.28 | 4.38 | 1.11 | |||
70 | 2.12 | 3663.11 | 40.35 | 38.07 | 2824 | 2670 | 2.99 | 119.33 | 4.50 | 1.02 | |||
80 | 2.08 | 3608.65 | 40.21 | 38.57 | 2891 | 2705 | 4.25 | 122.43 | 4.72 | 0.93 | |||
180 | 50 | 3.17 | 3852.44 | 42.37 | 39.91 | 2737 | 2432 | 0.39 | 119.55 | 4.49 | 1.23 | ||
60 | 3.01 | 3991.84 | 42.78 | 39.84 | 2907 | 2611 | 1.65 | 120.76 | 4.58 | 1.17 | |||
70 | 2.85 | 4023.77 | 42.64 | 39.39 | 3111 | 2761 | 2.97 | 123.58 | 4.74 | 1.13 | |||
80 | 2.62 | 4108.74 | 42.11 | 39.82 | 3212 | 2811 | 4.18 | 124.72 | 4.91 | 1.01 | |||
270 | 50 | 3.48 | 4150.12 | 44.60 | 43.15 | 3021 | 2633 | 0.43 | 122.53 | 4.62 | 1.39 | ||
60 | 3.21 | 4313.52 | 43.55 | 42.73 | 3108 | 2733 | 1.6 | 124.60 | 4.73 | 1.28 | |||
70 | 3.09 | 4758.66 | 43.81 | 42.05 | 3242 | 2861 | 2.86 | 127.73 | 4.83 | 1.21 | |||
80 | 2.76 | 4908.12 | 43.34 | 42.65 | 3351 | 2968 | 4.21 | 128.56 | 5.03 | 1.15 | |||
农谷04 Nonggu04 | 0 | 50 | 2.42 | 3752.15 | 41.37 | 39.1 | 2833 | 2610 | 0.18 | 85.27 | 3.07 | 1.31 | |
60 | 2.28 | 3855.3 | 41.61 | 39.28 | 2911 | 2733 | 0.84 | 87.93 | 3.15 | 1.24 | |||
70 | 1.99 | 3927.54 | 42.3 | 38.91 | 3001 | 2811 | 1.61 | 90.13 | 3.25 | 1.19 | |||
80 | 1.71 | 3733.15 | 42.19 | 38.84 | 3189 | 2910 | 2.15 | 92.49 | 3.43 | 1.08 | |||
90 | 50 | 3.03 | 4322.87 | 43.58 | 41.64 | 2905 | 2711 | 0.2 | 86.62 | 3.23 | 1.35 | ||
60 | 2.74 | 4562.12 | 43.31 | 41.71 | 3054 | 2831 | 0.82 | 89.15 | 3.37 | 1.31 | |||
70 | 2.21 | 4755.61 | 43.14 | 41.25 | 3214 | 2931 | 1.59 | 92.44 | 3.43 | 1.23 | |||
80 | 2.03 | 4689.31 | 43.01 | 41.82 | 3211 | 3007 | 2.13 | 94.25 | 3.91 | 1.02 | |||
180 | 50 | 3.31 | 4511.56 | 45.62 | 44.04 | 3047 | 2878 | 0.21 | 88.39 | 3.45 | 1.38 | ||
60 | 3.10 | 4750.12 | 45.88 | 44.34 | 3189 | 2904 | 0.86 | 90.66 | 3.62 | 1.34 | |||
70 | 2.99 | 4832.5 | 45.38 | 44.6 | 3385 | 3021 | 1.64 | 93.47 | 3.86 | 1.29 | |||
80 | 2.85 | 4899.73 | 45.21 | 44.86 | 3299 | 3121 | 2.19 | 96.33 | 4.02 | 1.13 | |||
270 | 50 | 3.46 | 4723.45 | 46.99 | 43.85 | 3141 | 2918 | 0.19 | 89.48 | 3.61 | 1.42 | ||
60 | 3.21 | 4921.63 | 46.25 | 43.37 | 3321 | 3009 | 0.87 | 91.59 | 3.74 | 1.38 | |||
70 | 3.07 | 5144.89 | 47.08 | 44.52 | 3411 | 3015 | 1.62 | 95.1 | 3.92 | 1.31 | |||
80 | 2.98 | 5312.1 | 46.83 | 44.76 | 3511 | 3148 | 2.08 | 98.19 | 4.11 | 1.25 | |||
品种 Variety | 施肥量 Fertilizer application amount (kg·hm-2) | 播种密度 Seeding density (×104 plants/hm2) | 产量 Yield | 光合生理特性 The physiological characteristics of photosynthesis | 茎秆形态特性指标 Morphological index of stalk | ||||||||
千粒重 1000- grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | 开花期SPAD SPAD value at flowering stage | 灌浆期SPAD SPAD value at filling stage | 开花期 最大Fm Maximum Fm value at flowering stage | 灌浆期 最大Fm Maximum Fm value at filling stage | 倒伏率 Lodging rate (%) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 节平均 长度Average section length (cm) | 节平均 直径Average section diameter (cm) | ||||
品种 Variety | F | 26.25 | 199.75 | 993.46 | 952.19 | 224.97 | 394.05 | 13641.6 | 16960.9 | 2542.57 | 622.53 | ||
P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
施肥量 Fertilization | F | 290.61 | 345.05 | 695.54 | 734.63 | 222.00 | 330.33 | 3.570 | 112.14 | 137.83 | 136.96 | ||
P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
播种密度 Seeding density | F | 107.27 | 47.05 | 7.59 | 7.37 | 78.13 | 172.34 | 34833.5 | 73.63 | 64.22 | 114.79 | ||
P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
品种×施肥量 Variety×Fertilization | F | 6.34 | 19.01 | 8.28 | 31.82 | 2.10 | 4.20 | 1.330 | 27.84 | 0.660 | 26.42 | ||
P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.046 | 0.0018 | 0.267 | <0.001 | 0.595 | <0.001 | |||
品种×播种密度 Variety×Seeding density | F | 1.03 | 0.23 | 0.97 | 0.65 | 0.80 | 0.63 | 1446.65 | 0.34 | 1.46 | 1.910 | ||
P | 0.440 | 0.9864 | 0.486 | 0.747 | 0.620 | 0.764 | <0.001 | 0.800 | 0.290 | 0.199 | |||
施肥量×播种密度 Fertilization×Seeding density | F | 2.13 | 7.37 | 0.74 | 1.32 | 2.05 | 3.06 | 1.340 | 0.490 | 0.450 | 1.670 | ||
P | 0.05 | <0.001 | 0.669 | 0.272 | 0.061 | 0.052 | 0.265 | 0.847 | 0.876 | 0.228 |
表2
水分、密度对谷子产量、植株光合生理特性和茎秆特性的影响及显著性分析"
品种Variety | 水分Water | 播种密度 Seeding density (×104 plants/hm2) | 产量 Yield | 光合生理特性 The physiological characteristics of photosynthesis | 茎秆形态特性指标 Morphological index of stalk | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
千粒重 1000- grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | 开花期SPAD SPAD value at flowering stage | 灌浆期SPAD SPAD value at filling stage | 开花期 最大Fm Maximum Fm value at flowering stage | 灌浆期最大 Fm值 Maximum Fm value at filling stage | 倒伏率 Lodging rate (%) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 节平均 长度 Average section length (cm) | 节平均 直径Average section diameter (cm) | ||||
优谷49 Yougu49 | W0 | 50 | 3.01 | 3308.56 | 35.92 | 33.41 | 2497 | 2218 | 0.15 | 125.46 | 3.94 | 0.84 | |
60 | 2.93 | 3451.19 | 36.01 | 33.56 | 2515 | 2173 | 0.62 | 128.97 | 4.08 | 0.76 | |||
70 | 2.83 | 3542.51 | 36.81 | 33.7 | 2454 | 2237 | 2.44 | 131.11 | 4.15 | 0.68 | |||
80 | 2.79 | 3508.11 | 35.88 | 33.63 | 2497 | 2218 | 4.17 | 134.28 | 4.31 | 0.62 | |||
W1 | 50 | 3.22 | 3470.96 | 38.03 | 35.66 | 2681 | 2315 | 0.46 | 139.34 | 4.5 | 0.95 | ||
60 | 3.15 | 3597.33 | 38.11 | 35.48 | 2704 | 2408 | 0.93 | 145.36 | 4.62 | 0.92 | |||
70 | 3.09 | 3648.1 | 39.99 | 35.54 | 2655 | 2432 | 2.95 | 146.25 | 4.84 | 0.75 | |||
80 | 3.07 | 3660.12 | 38.12 | 35.61 | 2573 | 2342 | 5.31 | 149.26 | 5.16 | 0.69 | |||
W2 | 50 | 3.27 | 3500.78 | 40.52 | 37.24 | 2715 | 2501 | 0.85 | 150.69 | 5.13 | 1.13 | ||
60 | 3.18 | 3669.55 | 40.13 | 37.04 | 2822 | 2613 | 1.28 | 154.18 | 5.46 | 1.07 | |||
70 | 3.15 | 3730.18 | 40.28 | 37.46 | 2728 | 2570 | 3.41 | 157.73 | 5.64 | 0.83 | |||
80 | 3.12 | 3618.24 | 40.78 | 37.38 | 2844 | 2588 | 6.54 | 158.44 | 5.72 | 0.76 | |||
公谷65 Gonggu65 | W0 | 50 | 2.67 | 3666.18 | 37.65 | 35.84 | 2597 | 2314 | 0.51 | 104.29 | 3.48 | 1.03 | |
60 | 2.51 | 3842.55 | 37.66 | 35.72 | 2601 | 2344 | 0.97 | 107.54 | 3.64 | 0.92 | |||
70 | 2.42 | 3903.17 | 38.03 | 35.91 | 2637 | 2341 | 1.92 | 109.11 | 3.74 | 0.82 | |||
80 | 2.39 | 3852.47 | 37.81 | 35.64 | 2600 | 2307 | 3.28 | 111.23 | 3.91 | 0.73 | |||
W1 | 50 | 2.83 | 3743.58 | 39.73 | 37.81 | 2734 | 2548 | 0.84 | 115.43 | 4.07 | 1.13 | ||
60 | 2.71 | 3891.51 | 39.88 | 37.67 | 2781 | 2561 | 1.35 | 119.97 | 4.19 | 1.08 | |||
70 | 2.69 | 3991.07 | 39.55 | 37.47 | 2787 | 2499 | 2.51 | 121.26 | 4.39 | 0.91 | |||
80 | 2.5 | 3855.24 | 39.64 | 38.01 | 2801 | 2561 | 3.61 | 124.25 | 4.67 | 0.83 | |||
W2 | 50 | 3.04 | 3804.66 | 44.53 | 41.37 | 2918 | 2741 | 1.12 | 123.58 | 4.60 | 1.26 | ||
60 | 2.91 | 3951.87 | 44.28 | 41.09 | 2933 | 2712 | 1.69 | 126.51 | 4.81 | 1.19 | |||
70 | 2.7 | 3991.55 | 44.61 | 41.71 | 2976 | 2687 | 2.86 | 128.94 | 4.94 | 1.03 | |||
80 | 2.61 | 3812.41 | 44.56 | 41.31 | 2987 | 2781 | 4.16 | 130.51 | 5.06 | 0.97 | |||
长生18 Changsheng 18 | W0 | 50 | 3.12 | 2905.41 | 37.38 | 35.71 | 2581 | 2370 | 0.49 | 106.86 | 3.61 | 0.97 | |
60 | 3.04 | 3138.21 | 37.61 | 35.22 | 2631 | 2347 | 0.89 | 110.25 | 3.76 | 0.88 | |||
70 | 2.91 | 3324.55 | 38.1 | 36.11 | 2641 | 2359 | 2.1 | 112.11 | 3.84 | 0.79 | |||
80 | 2.85 | 3288.1 | 37.91 | 35.82 | 2674 | 2351 | 3.25 | 114.75 | 4.01 | 0.71 | |||
W1 | 50 | 3.21 | 3011.64 | 39.54 | 37.61 | 2751 | 2508 | 0.92 | 119.38 | 4.18 | 1.08 | ||
60 | 3.09 | 3308.54 | 39.66 | 37.12 | 2753 | 2548 | 1.42 | 124.66 | 4.30 | 1.04 | |||
70 | 3.04 | 3501.62 | 39.81 | 37.64 | 2750 | 2531 | 2.66 | 125.75 | 4.51 | 0.87 | |||
80 | 2.77 | 3480.51 | 39.41 | 37.65 | 2765 | 2510 | 3.57 | 128.75 | 4.78 | 0.80 | |||
品种Variety | 水分Water | 播种密度 Seeding density (×104 plants/hm2) | 产量 Yield | 光合生理特性 The physiological characteristics of photosynthesis | 茎秆形态特性指标 Morphological index of stalk | ||||||||
千粒重 1000- grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | 开花期SPAD SPAD value at flowering stage | 灌浆期SPAD SPAD value at filling stage | 开花期 最大Fm Maximum Fm value at flowering stage | 灌浆期最大 Fm值 Maximum Fm value at filling stage | 倒伏率 Lodging rate (%) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 节平均 长度 Average section length (cm) | 节平均 直径Average section diameter (cm) | ||||
W2 | 50 | 3.3 | 3238.14 | 44.37 | 41.09 | 2897 | 2760 | 1.23 | 129.13 | 4.77 | 1.23 | ||
60 | 3.19 | 3573.11 | 44.15 | 41.24 | 2971 | 2759 | 1.83 | 132.34 | 5.03 | 1.17 | |||
70 | 3.1 | 3605.52 | 44.87 | 41.52 | 2949 | 2731 | 2.91 | 135.33 | 5.19 | 0.97 | |||
80 | 2.95 | 3541.73 | 43.98 | 41.19 | 2941 | 2762 | 4.22 | 136.47 | 5.29 | 0.91 | |||
农谷04 Nonggu04 | W0 | 50 | 3.31 | 3681.62 | 41.68 | 39.43 | 2830 | 2571 | 0 | 83.12 | 3.02 | 1.21 | |
60 | 3.24 | 3810.55 | 41.83 | 39.33 | 2841 | 2566 | 0.62 | 86.11 | 3.21 | 1.09 | |||
70 | 3.15 | 3972.51 | 41.55 | 39.34 | 2861 | 2546 | 1.13 | 87.11 | 3.34 | 0.96 | |||
80 | 3.01 | 3830.15 | 41.28 | 36.54 | 2811 | 2537 | 2.12 | 88.19 | 3.51 | 0.85 | |||
W1 | 50 | 3.41 | 3804.51 | 43.56 | 41.38 | 2991 | 2671 | 0.33 | 91.53 | 3.65 | 1.32 | ||
60 | 3.3 | 3961.85 | 43.81 | 41.22 | 3001 | 2697 | 0.97 | 94.59 | 3.76 | 1.23 | |||
70 | 3.21 | 4052.61 | 44.01 | 41.56 | 3042 | 2751 | 1.42 | 96.28 | 3.95 | 1.06 | |||
80 | 3.09 | 3967.1 | 43.91 | 41.37 | 3015 | 2736 | 2.74 | 99.24 | 4.06 | 0.97 | |||
W2 | 50 | 3.62 | 4321.07 | 46.58 | 42.3 | 3215 | 2941 | 0.76 | 96.47 | 4.09 | 1.38 | ||
60 | 3.41 | 4581.61 | 46.78 | 43.62 | 3294 | 2978 | 1.25 | 98.84 | 4.16 | 1.31 | |||
70 | 3.32 | 4879.31 | 46.51 | 43.26 | 3294 | 2941 | 1.71 | 100.15 | 4.25 | 1.23 | |||
80 | 3.15 | 4752.91 | 46.91 | 44.18 | 3271 | 2950 | 3.13 | 102.59 | 4.37 | 1.18 | |||
水分 Water | F | 129.71 | 139.43 | 1086.38 | 313.47 | 478.27 | 705.38 | 87.30 | 1336.41 | 348.16 | 1.41 | ||
P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.315 | |||
品种×水分 Variety×Water | F | 5.86 | 38.74 | 19.57 | 4.64 | 5.19 | 7.41 | 5.05 | 124.21 | 13.01 | 0.70 | ||
P | 0.0016 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.005 | 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.533 | |||
播种密度×水分 Seeding density×Water | F | 1.26 | 0.41 | 0.66 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.48 | 2.26 | 0.90 | 0.49 | 0.55 | ||
P | 0.325 | 0.860 | 0.682 | 0.388 | 0.377 | 0.241 | 0.084 | 0.549 | 0.796 | 0.755 |
表3
施肥量、水分对谷子产量、植株光合生理特性和茎秆特性的影响及显著性分析"
品种 Variety | 水分Water | 施肥量 Fertilizer application amount (kg·hm-2) | 产量 Yield | 光合生理特性 The physiological characteristics of photosynthesis | 茎秆形态特性指标 Morphological index of stalk | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
千粒重 1000- grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | 开花期SPAD SPAD value at flowering stage | 灌浆期SPAD SPAD value at filling stage | 开花期 最大Fm Maximum Fm value at flowering stage | 灌浆期 最大Fm Maximum Fm value at filling stage | 倒伏率 Lodging rate (%) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 节平均 长度Average section length (cm) | 节平均 直径Average section diameter (cm) | |||||
优谷49 Yougu49 | W0 | 0 | 2.11 | 2850.14 | 31.04 | 29.57 | 2253 | 2004 | 0.85 | 123.85 | 3.83 | 0.69 | ||
90 | 2.24 | 2931.15 | 33.72 | 31.08 | 2345 | 2136 | 0.88 | 130.49 | 3.91 | 0.85 | ||||
180 | 2.79 | 3125.41 | 35.74 | 32.98 | 2388 | 2206 | 0.91 | 138.62 | 3.95 | 0.96 | ||||
270 | 2.91 | 3274.52 | 38.51 | 36.46 | 2490 | 2291 | 0.95 | 145.61 | 4.01 | 1.05 | ||||
W1 | 0 | 2.41 | 2956.48 | 33.61 | 30.81 | 2361 | 2151 | 2.17 | 132.54 | 4.03 | 0.93 | |||
90 | 2.62 | 3243.51 | 35.47 | 32.58 | 2411 | 2208 | 2.24 | 143.62 | 4.24 | 1.02 | ||||
180 | 2.97 | 3542.1 | 37.93 | 35.46 | 2497 | 2291 | 2.38 | 149.38 | 4.46 | 1.16 | ||||
270 | 3.21 | 3732.54 | 40.37 | 38.61 | 2556 | 2347 | 2.46 | 157.91 | 4.86 | 1.28 | ||||
W2 | 0 | 2.61 | 3125.24 | 36.21 | 34.38 | 2456 | 2218 | 3.55 | 137.51 | 5.05 | 1.19 | |||
90 | 2.83 | 3381.71 | 39.31 | 37.44 | 2561 | 2294 | 3.61 | 149.62 | 5.26 | 1.26 | ||||
180 | 3.31 | 3841.52 | 42.55 | 40.17 | 2634 | 2350 | 3.73 | 158.56 | 5.58 | 1.30 | ||||
270 | 3.38 | 4415.05 | 45.53 | 42.8 | 2731 | 2424 | 3.92 | 162.38 | 5.82 | 1.33 | ||||
公谷65 Gonggu65 | W0 | 0 | 2.83 | 2893.1 | 33.46 | 31.87 | 2364 | 2120 | 0.55 | 102.51 | 3.40 | 0.76 | ||
90 | 2.91 | 2955.41 | 35.97 | 33.71 | 2431 | 2189 | 0.67 | 107.92 | 3.49 | 0.95 | ||||
180 | 3.05 | 3054.21 | 37.15 | 35.81 | 2521 | 2234 | 0.74 | 113.93 | 3.64 | 1.07 | ||||
270 | 3.12 | 3258.61 | 40.08 | 38.66 | 2611 | 2300 | 0.81 | 119.58 | 3.77 | 1.19 | ||||
W1 | 0 | 2.97 | 2986.12 | 36.01 | 34.51 | 2451 | 2270 | 1.93 | 109.64 | 3.62 | 1.06 | |||
90 | 3.15 | 3125.85 | 38.44 | 36.53 | 2513 | 2310 | 2.01 | 116.90 | 3.89 | 1.16 | ||||
180 | 3.24 | 3396.41 | 40.18 | 38.97 | 2609 | 2394 | 2.14 | 122.33 | 4.15 | 1.29 | ||||
270 | 3.38 | 4215.63 | 43.86 | 41.2 | 2687 | 2421 | 2.21 | 129.76 | 4.43 | 1.41 | ||||
W2 | 0 | 3.15 | 3215.45 | 40.36 | 38.72 | 2531 | 2344 | 2.63 | 114.82 | 4.39 | 1.33 | |||
90 | 3.32 | 3752.15 | 42.53 | 39.06 | 2598 | 2411 | 2.85 | 124.16 | 4.61 | 1.42 | ||||
180 | 3.38 | 4391.25 | 45.71 | 42.94 | 2638 | 2481 | 2.99 | 131.41 | 4.88 | 1.46 | ||||
270 | 3.94 | 4758.61 | 49.52 | 46.38 | 2734 | 2521 | 3.12 | 135.38 | 5.12 | 1.51 | ||||
长生18 Changsheng18 | W0 | 0 | 2.12 | 2935.87 | 33.58 | 31.9 | 2378 | 2098 | 0.61 | 105.18 | 3.51 | 0.74 | ||
90 | 2.38 | 3212.55 | 36.03 | 33.67 | 2458 | 2172 | 0.76 | 111.20 | 3.6 | 0.92 | ||||
180 | 2.45 | 3354.45 | 37.35 | 35.43 | 2546 | 2262 | 0.83 | 118.27 | 3.69 | 1.03 | ||||
270 | 2.81 | 3569.71 | 40.34 | 38.61 | 2648 | 2316 | 0.95 | 124.59 | 3.79 | 1.14 | ||||
W1 | 0 | 2.32 | 3254.21 | 35.97 | 34.61 | 2435 | 2253 | 1.84 | 113.09 | 3.72 | 1.01 | |||
90 | 2.54 | 3480.54 | 38.78 | 36.49 | 2547 | 2324 | 1.95 | 122.26 | 3.96 | 1.11 | ||||
180 | 2.61 | 3715.33 | 40.37 | 39.02 | 2597 | 2405 | 2.11 | 127.85 | 4.20 | 1.24 | ||||
270 | 2.94 | 3854.88 | 44.08 | 41.53 | 2638 | 2485 | 2.38 | 135.83 | 4.52 | 1.36 | ||||
品种 Variety | 水分Water | 施肥量 Fertilizer application amount (kg·hm-2) | 产量 Yield | 光合生理特性 The physiological characteristics of photosynthesis | 茎秆形态特性指标 Morphological index of stalk | |||||||||
千粒重 1000- grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) | 开花期SPAD SPAD value at flowering stage | 灌浆期SPAD SPAD value at filling stage | 开花期 最大Fm Maximum Fm value at flowering stage | 灌浆期 最大Fm Maximum Fm value at filling stage | 倒伏率 Lodging rate (%) | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 节平均 长度Average section length (cm) | 节平均 直径Average section diameter (cm) | |||||
W2 | 0 | 2.71 | 3562.73 | 40.51 | 39.04 | 2514 | 2361 | 2.59 | 118.16 | 4.62 | 1.28 | |||
90 | 2.94 | 3758.51 | 42.84 | 39.37 | 2604 | 2424 | 2.81 | 128.89 | 4.83 | 1.36 | ||||
180 | 3.05 | 4210.55 | 46.03 | 43.57 | 2641 | 2482 | 3.02 | 136.98 | 5.13 | 1.40 | ||||
270 | 3.28 | 4452.19 | 53.44 | 50.09 | 2759 | 2553 | 3.26 | 140.88 | 5.37 | 1.44 | ||||
农谷04 Nonggu04 | W0 | 0 | 2.83 | 3931.15 | 37.55 | 35.42 | 2631 | 2411 | 0.35 | 81.16 | 2.97 | 0.83 | ||
90 | 2.91 | 4125.51 | 40.05 | 37.81 | 2697 | 2499 | 0.51 | 85.36 | 3.06 | 1.06 | ||||
180 | 2.97 | 4341.89 | 42.82 | 39.81 | 2748 | 2543 | 0.66 | 89.24 | 3.33 | 1.18 | ||||
270 | 3.02 | 4480.91 | 44.6 | 42.15 | 2799 | 2601 | 0.79 | 93.55 | 3.52 | 1.34 | ||||
W1 | 0 | 2.91 | 4215.51 | 40.02 | 38.61 | 2711 | 2500 | 1.12 | 86.75 | 3.21 | 1.19 | |||
90 | 2.97 | 4651.25 | 43.01 | 39.94. | 2794 | 2591 | 1.32 | 90.18 | 3.54 | 1.31 | ||||
180 | 3.04 | 4792.85 | 44.88 | 42.53 | 2841 | 2654 | 1.55 | 95.28 | 3.83 | 1.43 | ||||
270 | 3.12 | 4931.66 | 47.21 | 45.67 | 2951 | 2744 | 1.72 | 101.61 | 3.92 | 1.52 | ||||
W2 | 0 | 3.12 | 4562.78 | 44.67 | 41.08 | 2815 | 2591 | 2.14 | 92.13 | 3.72 | 1.47 | |||
90 | 3.16 | 4680.15 | 47.36 | 45.71 | 2901 | 2650 | 2.32 | 98.7 | 3.96 | 1.58 | ||||
180 | 3.25 | 4963.88 | 50.61 | 47.85 | 2981 | 2731 | 2.53 | 104.27 | 4.18 | 1.62 | ||||
270 | 3.34 | 5099.16 | 56.44 | 53.21 | 3051 | 2812 | 2.68 | 108.39 | 4.41 | 1.69 | ||||
施肥量×水分 Fertilization×Water | F | 2.45 | 3.00 | 9.57 | 3.71 | 0.27 | 0.65 | 8.94 | 3.78 | 1.54 | 1.00 | |||
P | 0.008 | 0.033 | <0.001 | 0.015 | 0.945 | 0.692 | <0.001 | 0.065 | 0.308 | 0.499 |
表4
谷子各节间材料弯曲力学性能指标试验测试值"
品种Variety | 节间号 Internode number | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
优谷49 Yougu49 | 2 | 58.48 | 5.77 | 1.64 | 19.72 | 50.58 | 8.20 | 66.00 | 3351.27 |
3 | 66.45 | 5.58 | 1.27 | 15.97 | 43.04 | 7.78 | 85.59 | 3307.48 | |
4 | 70.32 | 5.41 | 1.28 | 11.39 | 38.35 | 7.88 | 267.49 | 6216.71 | |
5 | 71.17 | 5.18 | 0.99 | 8.26 | 30.83 | 6.91 | 242.42 | 5984.24 | |
6 | 75.19 | 5.22 | 1.23 | 6.23 | 32.54 | 5.30 | 202.08 | 5876.60 | |
7 | 74.65 | 5.05 | 0.76 | 6.37 | 24.08 | 6.58 | 231.22 | 5002.71 | |
8 | 72.62 | 4.84 | 1.02 | 5.82 | 23.79 | 5.67 | 207.47 | 4629.23 | |
9 | 62.74 | 4.71 | 0.84 | 5.72 | 20.93 | 5.58 | 161.66 | 3025.60 | |
长生18 Chngsheng18 | 2 | 79.92 | 5.80 | 1.00 | 24.33 | 46.04 | 19.15 | 819.93 | 35813.86 |
3 | 90.25 | 5.59 | 1.11 | 24.11 | 42.57 | 19.77 | 1803.43 | 65657.45 | |
4 | 95.95 | 5.52 | 1.04 | 21.65 | 38.20 | 20.70 | 1958.21 | 75945.25 | |
5 | 100.9 | 5.46 | 0.98 | 18.33 | 36.1 | 20.55 | 1790.90 | 65397.58 | |
6 | 108.73 | 5.56 | 0.99 | 18.15 | 39.85 | 19.73 | 2074.54 | 75260.26 | |
7 | 118.00 | 5.61 | 0.93 | 11.80 | 39.88 | 14.38 | 1976.19 | 65882.87 | |
8 | 120.63 | 5.44 | 0.96 | 8.68 | 35.36 | 12.71 | 2090.74 | 71956.06 | |
9 | 112.78 | 4.87 | 1.01 | 7.09 | 31.08 | 12.99 | 2024.70 | 65480.40 | |
农谷04 Nonggu04 | 2 | 99.58 | 5.43 | 1.22 | 27.65 | 38.90 | 25.97 | 3410.90 | 125066.4 |
3 | 98.58 | 5.42 | 1.13 | 26.17 | 37.62 | 25.49 | 2384.21 | 89525.67 | |
4 | 99.63 | 5.50 | 1.12 | 25.20 | 40.57 | 23.30 | 2282.41 | 77038.83 | |
5 | 103.1 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 23.18 | 36.60 | 21.61 | 2641.53 | 95042.87 | |
6 | 110.93 | 5.64 | 1.06 | 19.55 | 42.90 | 20.07 | 2704.77 | 110469.6 | |
7 | 123.02 | 5.53 | 1.03 | 13.58 | 38.69 | 17.68 | 3113.13 | 118829.0 | |
8 | 140.23 | 5.47 | 0.9 | 9.47 | 35.95 | 15.87 | 3052.45 | 98064.6 | |
9 | 138.47 | 4.98 | 0.87 | 8.99 | 29.5 | 16.63 | 3615.22 | 86620.53 | |
品种Variety | <0.001 | 0.0292 | 0.2476 | <0.001 | 0.1382 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
节间Intersegment | 0.034 | 0.0098 | 0.0554 | <0.001 | 0.0076 | 0.0514 | 0.9714 | 0.9495 |
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