中国谷子产业和种业发展现状与未来展望

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

谷子起源于中国,是旱作生态农业绿色发展的主栽作物。国家启动产业技术体系十年来,创制出一批抗除草剂、商品品质显著提升、蒸煮时间显著缩短的育种材料;基因组测序、单倍型图谱和高通量转化技术体系构建等推动了谷子产业技术原始创新能力持续提高;育成了一批中矮秆抗除草剂新品种,创新集成了一批适合不同产区的栽培技术,单户综合生产能力提高20倍以上,单产提高90.8%,总产提高85.7%,全程机械化轻简栽培实现了谷子生产方式历史性变革。谷子是完全市场化作物,近十年来总体价格呈上升趋势,产业规模不断扩大,全国地理标志产品发展迅速,正在形成一批区域公用品牌和产业优势区。随着产业发展的带动,品种权保护与转让逐步增多,一批谷子种业开始起步。在乡村振兴和健康中国战略新的时代背景下,谷子的营养、生态、文化属性给中国谷子产业和种业带来了新的机遇;同时中国谷子种业和产业也面临着种子繁殖系数高、品种权落实力度不够、科研和平台建设有待加强、缺乏突破性大品种等诸多挑战。未来中国谷子特色产业发展将助推乡村振兴并带动种业发展;季节性休耕区、压采地下水区的生态需求将促进谷子生产面积呈现恢复性增长;种业、科研、产业融合呈加快发展趋势。攻克谷子种业重大基础科学问题,构建现代生物育种技术体系,培育突破性新品种,实现科研、种业、产业的一体化发展是中国谷子种业的发展方向。中国谷子种业发展必须坚持原始创新、坚持产业需求、坚持服务主产区、坚持差异化发展、坚持市场主体地位。未来中国谷子产业和种业需攻克的重点任务:突破性新种质创新、高效育种技术平台构建、突破性新品种杂交种培育、构建种子生产技术规范和良种繁育技术体系、提升种业管理服务能力、布局优化制种基地、打造种子优势企业。

关键词: 谷子, 产业, 种业, 发展现状, 展望

Abstract:

Originated from China, foxtail millet is the main crop in the development of dry land farming agriculture. Since the initiation of China Agricultural Research System (CARS) in 2008, a batch of breeding foxtail millet materials with herbicide resistance, improved commercial and cooking quality had been developed. The construction of Setaria reference genome, haplotype map and high-throughput transformation technology system in China greatly promote the original innovation ability of foxtail millet, a batch of new cultivars with semi-dwarf plant height and herbicide resistance have been developed which made it that mechanization of foxtail millet production became a reality. Combined with the development of cultivation technology of those new cultivars, the comprehensive foxtail millet production capacity of a single household has been increased by more than 20 times,the grain yield per unit has been increased by 90.8%, and the total yield has been increased by 85.7%. Foxtail millet is a fully market-oriented crop. In the past decade, the overall price has been on the rise, the industrial scale has been expanding, and the number of national geographical indication products has grown to 49, which forming a number of regional public brands and industrial advantage areas. With the development of foxtail millet production, the protection and transferring of variety rights are gradually increasing, and a number of foxtail millet seed industries are initiated. Under the background of rural development and healthy food strategy in China, foxtail millet brings new opportunities to the millet industry and seed industry; meanwhile, Foxtail millet production and seed industry in China are also facing many challenges, such as high seed propagation coefficient, lack of effective protection of variety right, need to be strengthened in scientific research and platform construction etc. In the future, the development of China's characteristic foxtail millet industry will boost rural revitalization and seed industry development. The ecological demand of seasonal fallow zone and groundwater recovery zone will promote the recovery growth of foxtail millet production area. The integration of seed industry, scientific research and industry is accelerating. The development direction of China's foxtail millet seed industry is to overcome major basic scientific problems, construct modern biological breeding technology system, cultivate breakthrough new varieties, and realize the integrated development of scientific research, seed industry and the foxtail millet industry. The development of millet seed industry in China must adhere to original innovation, industrial demand, service to main production areas, differential development and market dominant position. In the future, the China's foxtail millet industry and seed industry need to conquer the focus of the task: breakthrough new germplasm innovation, construction of high-efficiency breeding technology platform, cultivation of breakthrough new variety hybrids, construction of seed production technology specifications and improved seed breeding technology system, improvement of seed industry management and service capacity, layout optimization of seed production base, build the seed superior enterprises.

Key words: foxtail millet, production, seed industry, development status, future prospective

李顺国, 刘斐, 刘猛, 程汝宏, 夏恩君, 刁现民. 中国谷子产业和种业发展现状与未来展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(3): 459-470.

LI ShunGuo, LIU Fei, LIU Meng, CHENG RuHong, XIA EnJun, DIAO XianMin. Current Status and Future Prospective of Foxtail Millet Production and Seed Industry in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(3): 459-470.

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品种面积范围 Variety area range	品种数 Variety number	品种占比 Variety proportion (%)	推广面积 Extension area	面积占比 Area ratio (%)
1.3万hm²以上 Over 1.3×10⁴ hm²	11	8.11	35.9	45.12
0.6万—1.3万hm²0.6×10⁴-1.3×10⁴ hm²	23	15.54	21.6	27.07
0.3万—0.6万hm²0.3×10⁴-0.6×10⁴ hm²	22	19.59	10.2	12.84
0.07万—0.3万hm²0.07×10⁴-0.3×10⁴ hm²	67	56.76	13.1	13.13