中国谷子种业创新现状与未来展望

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种业是农业发展的“芯片”,原始创新是农业可持续发展的根本动力。2021年中央一号文件明确提出推进中国农作物种业快速发展的要求,对中国农作物种业原始创新研究提出了明确期望。谷子是中国起源的传统粮饲兼用作物及特色杂粮作物,生产及消费规模均位居世界首位。作为粟类作物,谷子在中国农业生产及农耕文明的起始与发展过程中发挥了重要的推动和支撑作用,已有研究证实谷子在中国拥有悠久的栽培历史,并且形成了分布广泛且多样性丰富的各类种质资源。近年来,谷子在杂交品种选育及杂种优势利用、抗除草剂品种和适于机械化栽培品种推广、基因组学及功能基因研究等领域取得进展,在原始创新的推动下初步形成了以杂交品种和抗除草剂品种为经营主体的谷子种业体系,推动了谷子种业从无到有的突破。中国在谷子优异种质鉴定与创制方法研究、谷子高效育种技术途径研发、谷子关键性状的协调表达与调控规律解析、谷子良种繁育过程基本生物学属性研究以及谷子新品种真实性鉴定方法探索等方面原始创新的进步为谷子种业发展提供了支撑,形成了一套初具规模的种业原始创新技术。目前,谷子种业持续良性发展仍然面临包括优异突破性种质匮乏、育种技术水平相对滞后、品质与产量协调性不够、良种扩繁标准缺乏以及种业市场监管手段有待加强等诸多挑战。为了推进谷子种业持续快速、高效、深入的发展,未来中国谷子种业原始创新研究的主要方向包括：基于表型组学与基因组修饰技术、单倍体育种与全基因组选择技术和关键性状优异单倍型鉴定与整合技术的谷子规模化高效育种技术体系构建;基于种子发育生理调控、分子指纹及杂种优势高效利用技术的谷子种子高效生产储藏与监管技术体系构建;以及基于谷子种业产学研推一体化设计与高效整合的人才培养与创新体系构建等方面。

关键词: 谷子, 种业, 原始创新, 现状, 发展趋势

Abstract:

Seed industry was the ‘chip’ of agricultural development, and original innovation have played essential roles in maintaining stable development of modern agriculture. The No. 1 central document of China released in 2021 has put forward requirements of original innovation researches essential for supporting further developments of Chinese crop seed industry. Foxtail millet is a traditional crop species cultivated for both forage and grain food consumption in China, and to date, foxtail millet was still widely planted as minor cereals in China with the largest scale of field production and commercial consumption across the globe. Foxtail millet was originated from China and cultivated for thousands of years to ensure development of Chinese agricultural culture and field crop production. Original innovation in foxtail millet has promoted initial development of foxtail millet seed industry based on operation of herbicide-resistant varieties in recent decades, including breakthroughs in areas of heterosis utilization, herbicide resistant breeding, dwarfing variety creation and genomics study of this important crop species. Achievements of fundamental researches including germplasm characterization, development of breeding tools, coordination and regulation of vital traits, seeds propagation and truth identification of commercial varieties have provided more opportunities for further development of the seed industry of foxtail millet. However, challenges of seed industry development still exist in China, including deficiency of excellent germplasms, backward breeding approaches, inharmonious of yield and quality characters, unclear criterion of seed propagation and market supervision problems. Future direction of original innovation studies related to foxtail millet seed industry were as follows: 1) Large scale breeding systems constructed from utilizations of crop phenomics and genomic modification technologies, double haploid breeding and genome selection tools, identification and pyramiding of superior haplotypes; 2) Seeds production, store and quality supervision systems constructed from techniques of development and water content of commercial seeds, and establishment of molecular fingerprints and efficient utilization of heterosis in foxtail millet; 3) Construction of innovation system through integrating education, research and promotion sectors of seed industry and stimulate personnel training in China.

Key words: foxtail millet, seed industry, original innovation, development status, future perspectives

贾冠清, 刁现民. 中国谷子种业创新现状与未来展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(4): 653-665.

JIA GuanQing, DIAO XianMin. Current Status and Perspectives of Innovation Studies Related to Foxtail Millet Seed Industry in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(4): 653-665.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.04.003

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2022/V55/I4/653

图/表 3

图1

表1

图2

参考文献 64

[1]	刁现民. 禾谷类杂粮作物耐逆和栽培技术研究新进展. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(22):3943-3949.
	DIAO X M. Progresses in stress tolerance and field cultivation studies of orphan cereals in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(22):3943-3949. (in Chinese)
[2]	YANG X Y, WAN Z W, PERRY L, LU H Y, WANG Q, ZHAO C H, LI J, XIE F, YU J C, CUI T X, WANG T, LI M Q, GE Q S. Early millet use in northern China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012, 109(10):3726-3730.
[3]	贾冠清, 刁现民. 谷子(Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.)作为功能基因组研究模式植物的发展现状及趋势. 生命科学, 2017, 29(3):292-301.
	JIA G Q, DIAO X M. Current status and perspectives of researches on foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.): A potential model of plant functional genomics studies. Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences, 2017, 29(3):292-301. (in Chinese)
[4]	JIA G Q, LIU X T, SCHNABLE J C, NIU Z G, WANG C F, LI Y H, WANG S J, WANG S Y, LIU J R, GUO E H, ZHI H, DIAO X M. Microsatellite variations of elite Setaria varieties released during last six decades in China. PLoS ONE, 2015, 10(5):e0125688. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125688
[5]	李顺国, 刘裴, 刘猛, 程汝宏, 夏恩君, 刁现民. 中国谷子产业和种业发展现状与未来展望. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(3):459-470.
	LI S G, LIU F, LIU M, CHENG R H, XIA E J, DIAO X M. Current status and future prospective of foxtail millet production and seed industry in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(3):459-470. (in Chinese)
[6]	程汝宏. 产业化生产背景下的谷子育种目标. 河北农业科学, 2010, 14(11):92-95.
	CHENG R H. Breeding objectives of foxtail millet under the background of industrial production. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 14(11):92-95. (in Chinese)
[7]	国家谷子糜子产业技术体系. 中国现代农业产业可持续发展战略研究-谷子糜子分册. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2018.
	China Agriculture Research System of Foxtail millet and Common millet. Strategic Research of Sustainable Development of Chinese Agriculture-Foxtail Millet and Common Millet. Strategic Research of Sustainable Development of Chinese Agriculture-Foxtail Millet and Common Millet. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2018. (in Chinese)
[8]	胡咸廷. 豫谷1号. 新农业, 1985(5):25.
	HU X T. Yugu 1. Xin Nongye, 1985(5):25. (in Chinese)
[9]	蒋士鸿. 昭谷1号. 农业科技通讯, 1981(2):8.
	JIANG S H. Zhaogu 1. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology, 1981(2):8. (in Chinese)
[10]	史更生, 史关燕, 史宏, 陈瑛. 晋谷21号优良品质的分析与研究. 杂粮作物, 2001, 21(4):18-19.
	SHI G S, SHI G Y, SHI H, CHEN Y. High quality analysis of millet variety ‘Jingu 21’. Rain Fed Crops, 2001, 21(4):18-19. (in Chinese)
[11]	王天宇, 杜瑞恒, 陈洪斌, 亨利达门西, 阿兰弗郎夷. 应用抗除草剂基因型谷子实行两系法杂种优势利用的新途径. 中国农业科学, 1996, 29(4):96.
	WANG T Y, DU R H, CHEN H B, DARMENCY H, FLEURY A. A new way of using herbicide resistant gene on hybrid utilization in foxtail millet. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1996, 29(4):96. (in Chinese)
[12]	赵治海, 崔文生, 杜贵, 杨少青. 谷子光(温)敏不育系821选育及其不育性与光、温关系的研究. 中国农业科学, 1996, 29(5):23-31.
	ZHAO Z H, CUI W S, DU G, YANG S Q. The selection of millet photo (thermo) sensitive sterile line 821 and a study on the relation of sterility to illumination and temperature. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1996, 29(5):23-31. (in Chinese)
[13]	王玉文, 王随保, 李会霞, 王高鸿, 田岗, 史琴香. 谷子光敏雄性不育系选育及应用研究. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36(6):714-717.
	WANG Y W, WANG S B, LI H X, WANG G H, TIAN G, SHI Q X. Studies on breeding of photoperiod-sensitive male-sterile line in millet and its application. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2003, 36(6):714-717. (in Chinese)
[14]	李荣德, 程汝宏, 陈应志, 孙海艳, 史梦雅. 谷子品种登记实施进展与建议. 种子, 2019, 38(8):150-153, 158.
	LI R D, CHENG R H, CHEN Y Z, SUN H Y, SHI M Y. Progress and suggestions on the implementation of millet variety registration. Seed, 2019, 38(8):150-153, 158. (in Chinese)
[15]	崔文生, 马洪锡, 张德勇. 谷子雄性不育系“蒜系28”的选育与利用. 中国农业科学, 1979, 12(1):43-46.
	CUI W S, MA H X, ZHANG D Y. The selection and utilization of “suan his 28”-a male sterility strain of millet. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1979, 12(1):43-46. (in Chinese)
[16]	陈家驹, 王雅儒, 王升文, 吴舒致, 王尧琴. 抗倒伏谷子种质“六十日”及其衍生系统的应用. 中国种业, 1984, 3:30-32+35.
	CHEN J J, WANG Y R, WANG S W, WU S Z, WANG Y Q. Lodging resistant foxtail millet germplasm “liu shi ri” and its system application. China Seed Industry, 1984, 3:30-32+35.(in Chinese)
[17]	程汝宏, 刘正理, 师志刚, 夏学岩, 杨万桥. 水分高效利用型谷子新品种“冀谷19”选育研究. 河北农业科学, 2006, 10(1):80-81.
	CHENG R H, LIU Z L, SHI Z G, XIA X Y, YANG W Q. Breeding of foxtail millet cultivar Jigu19. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 2006, 10(1):80-81. (in Chinese)
[18]	乔春花, 杨立军, 李登来. 优质高产杂交谷子新品种“张杂谷5号”. 现代农村科技, 2009(22):17.
	QIAO C H, YANG L J, LI D L. High quality and grain yield hybrid foxtail millet variety ‘Zhangzagu 5’. Xiandai Nongcun Keji, 2009(22):17. (in Chinese)
[19]	闫宏山, 刘金荣, 王素英, 路志国, 刘海平, 蒋自可, 宋中强, 王淑君. 谷子新品种豫谷18的选育. 作物杂志, 2012, 3:147-148.
	YAN H S, LIU J R, WANG S Y, LU Z G, LIU H P, JIANG Z K, SONG Z Q, WANG S J. Breeding of foxtail millet variety Yugu18. Crops, 2012, 3:147-148. (in Chinese)
[20]	河北省农林科学院谷子研究所. 优质抗除草剂谷子新品种-冀谷39. 现代农村科技, 2018(12).
	INSTITUTE OF MILLET CROPS, HEBEI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY SCIENCES. High quality and herbicide resistant foxtail millet variety Jigu39. Xiandai Nongcun Keji, 2018(12). (in Chinese)
[21]	闫宏山, 宋慧, 张杨, 邢璐, 解慧芳, 魏萌涵, 付楠, 刘金荣. 抗拿捕净除草剂谷子新品种豫谷35的选育. 中国种业, 2019, 2:80-81.
	YAN H S, SONG H, ZHANG Y, XING L, XIE H F, WEI M H, FU N, LIU J R. Breeding of sethoxydim-resistant foxtail millet variety ‘Yugu35’. China Seed Industry, 2019, 2:80-81. (in Chinese)
[22]	宋国亮, 赵治海, 王晓明, 王峰, 范光宇, 冯小磊, 赵芳, 史高雷, 张晓磊. 优质杂交谷子新品种张杂谷13号的选育及栽培技术. 现代农村科技, 2019, 5:18.
	SONG G L, ZHAO Z H, WANG X M, WANG F, FAN G Y, FENG X L, ZHAO F, SHI G L, ZHANG X L. Breeding and cultivating of high quality foxtail millet hybrid variety ‘Zhangzagu13’. Xiandai Nongcun Keji, 2019, 5:18. (in Chinese)
[23]	王显瑞, 柴晓娇, 白晓雪, 沈轶男, 付颖, 刘艳春, 刘丹竹, 张姼, 李书田. 优质抗旱抗除草剂谷子新品种“金苗K1”的选育及高产栽培技术. 耕作与栽培, 2021, 41(2):63-64.
	WANG X R, CHAI X J, BAI X X, SHEN Y N, FU Y, LIU Y C, LIU D Z, ZHANG S, LI S T. Breeding of high quality and drought resistance and herbicide-resistant foxtail millet new variety ‘Jinmiao K1’ and key points of high-yield cultivation techniques. Tillage and Cultivation, 2021, 41(2):63-64. (in Chinese)
[24]	ZHANG G, LIU X, QUAN Z, CHENG S, XU X, PAN S, XIE M, ZENG P, YUE Z, WANG W, TAO Y, BIAN C, HAN C, XIA Q, PENG X, CAO R, YANG X, ZHAN D, HU J, ZHANG Y, LI H, LI H, LI N, WANG J, WANG C, WANG R, GUO T, CAI Y, LIU C, XIANG H, SHI Q, HUANG P, CHEN Q, LI Y, WANG J, ZHAO Z, WANG J. Genome sequence of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) provides insights into grass evolution and biofuel potential. Nature Biotechnology, 2012, 30:549-554. doi: 10.1038/nbt.2195
[25]	JIA G, HUANG X, ZHI H, ZHAO Y, ZHAO Q, LI W, CHAI Y, YANG L, LIU K, LU H, ZHU C, LU Y, ZHOU C, FAN D, WENG Q, GUO Y, HUANG T, ZHANG L, LU T, FENG Q, HAO F, LIU H, LU P, ZHANG N, LI Y, GUO E, WANG S, WANG S, LIU J, ZHANG W, CHEN G, ZHANG B, LI W, WANG Y, LI H, ZHAO B, LI J, DIAO X, HAN B. A haplotype map of genomic variations and genome-wide association studies of agronomic traits in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Nature Genetics, 2013, 45(8):957-961. doi: 10.1038/ng.2673
[26]	YANG Z, ZHANG H, LI X, SHEN H, GAO J, HOU S, ZHANG B, MAYES S, BENNETT M, MA J, WU C, SUI Y, HAN Y, WANG X. A mini foxtail millet with an Arabidopsis-like life cycle as a C4 model system. Nature Plants, 2020, 6:1167-1178. doi: 10.1038/s41477-020-0747-7
[27]	DIAO X, SCHNABLE J, BENNETZEN J, LI J. Initiation of Setaria as a model plant. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, 2014, 1(1):16-20. doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014011
[28]	张婷, 王根平, 罗焱杰, 李琳, 高翔, 程汝宏, 师志刚, 董立, 张喜瑞, 杨伟红, 许立闪. 色差分析在优质小米选育中的应用. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(5):901-908.
	ZHANG T, WANG G P, LUO Y J, LI L, GAO X, CHENG R H, SHI Z G, DONG L, ZHANG X R, YANG W H, XU L S. Color difference analysis in the application of high quality foxtail millet breeding. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(5):901-908. (in Chinese)
[29]	李荫梅, 凌莉. 夏谷品质与主要农艺性状的相关性分析. 华北农学报, 1989(S1):44-50.
	LI Y M, LING L. Analysis of correlation between quality character and other main agronomic characters of summer-sown foxtail millet. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 1989(S1):44-50. (in Chinese)
[30]	刘三才, 朱志华, 李为喜, 刘方, 李燕, 黄蓉. 谷子品种资源微量元素硒和蛋白质含量的测定与评价. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(11):3812-3818.
	LIU S C, ZHU Z H, LI W X, LIU F, LI Y, HUANG R. Evaluation of selenium and protein content of foxtail millet landraces originated from different ecological regions of China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(11):3812-3818. (in Chinese)
[31]	邵丽华, 王莉, 白文文, 刘雅娟. 山西谷子资源叶酸含量分析及评价. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(7):1265-1272.
	SHAO L H, WANG L, BAI W W, LIU Y J. Evaluation and analysis of folic acid content in millet from different ecological regions in Shanxi province. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(7):1265-1272. (in Chinese)
[32]	刘思辰, 曹晓宁, 温琪汾, 王海岗, 田翔, 王君杰, 陈凌, 秦慧彬, 王纶, 乔治军. 山西谷子地方品种农艺性状和品质性状的综合评价. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(11):2137-2148.
	LIU S C, CAO X N, WEN Q F, WANG H G, TIAN X, WANG J J, CHEN L, QIN H B, WANG L, QIAO Z J. Comprehensive evaluation of agronomic traits and quality traits of foxtail millet landrace in Shanxi. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(11):2137-2148. (in Chinese)
[33]	ZHAO M C, ZHI H, ZHANG X, JIA G Q, DIAO X M. Retrotransposon-mediated DELLA transcriptional reprograming underlies semi-dominant dwarfism in foxtail millet. The Crop Journal, 2019, 7(4):458-468. doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2018.12.008
[34]	XUE C X, ZHI H, FANG X J, LIU X T, TANG S, CHAI Y, ZHAO B H, JIA G Q, DIAO X M. Characterization and fine mapping of SiDWARF2 (D2) in foxtail millet. Crop Science, 2016, 56:95-103. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2015.05.0331
[35]	FAN X K, TANG S, ZHI H, HE M M, MA W S, JIA Y C, ZHAO B H, JIA G Q, DIAO X M. Identification and fine mapping of SiDWARF3 (D3), a pleiotropic locus controlling environment independent dwarfism in foxtail millet. Crop Science, 2017, 57:2431-2442. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2016.11.0952
[36]	ZHAO M C, TANG S, ZHANG H S, HE M M, LIU J H, ZHI H, SUI Y, LIU X T, JIA G Q, ZHAO Z Y, YAN J J, ZHANG B C, ZHOU Y H, CHU J F, WANG X C, ZHAO B H, TANG W Q, LI J Y, WU C Y, LIU X G, DIAO X M. DROOPY LEAF1 controls leaf architecture by orchestrating early brassinosteroid signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117(35):21766-21774.
[37]	NAKAYAMA H, AFZAL M, OKUNO K. Intraspecific differentiation and geographical distribution of Wx alleles for low amylose content in endosperm of foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. Euphytica, 1998, 102:289-293. doi: 10.1023/A:1018344819531
[38]	DéLYE C, WANG T, DARMENCY H. An isoleucine-leucine substitution in chloroplastic acetyl-CoA carboxylase from green foxtail (Setaria viridis L. Beauv.) is responsible for resistance to the cyclohexanedione herbicide sethoxydim. Planta, 2002, 214:421-427. doi: 10.1007/s004250100633
[39]	DéLYE C, MENCHARI Y, MICHEL S, DARMENCY H. Molecular bases for sensitivity to tubulin-binding herbicides in green foxtail. Plant Physiology, 2004, 136:3920-3932. doi: 10.1104/pp.103.037432
[40]	JIA X, YUAN J, SHI Y, SONG Y, WANG G, WANG T, LI Y. A Ser-Gly substitution in plastid-encoded photosystem II D1 protein is responsible for atrazine resistance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Plant Growth Regulation, 2007, 52:81-89. doi: 10.1007/s10725-007-9181-3
[41]	LAPLANTE J, RAJCAN L, TARDIF F J. Multiple allelic forms of acetohydroxyacid synthase are responsible for herbicide resistance in Setaria viridis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2009, 119:577-585. doi: 10.1007/s00122-009-1067-5
[42]	XIANG J S, TANG S, ZHI H, JIA G Q, WANG H J, DIAO X M. Loose Panicle1 encoding a novel WRKY transcription factor, regulates panicle development, stem elongation, and seed size in foxtail millet [Setaria italica(L.) P. Beauv.]. PLoS ONE, 12(6):e0178730. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178730
[43]	LI W, TANG S, ZHANG S, SHAN J G, TANG C J, CHEN Q N, JIA G Q, HAN Y H, ZHI H, DIAO X M. Gene mapping and functional analysis of the novel leaf color gene SiYGL1 in foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv]. Physiologia Plantarum, 2016, 157:24-37. doi: 10.1111/ppl.2016.157.issue-1
[44]	ZHANG S, ZHI H, LI W, SHAN J, TANG C, JIA G, TANG S, DIAO X. SiYGL2 is involved in the regulation of leaf senescence and photosystem II efficiency in Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018, 9:1308. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01308
[45]	LI J, DONG Y, LI C, PAN Y, YU J. SiASR4, the target gene of SiARDP from Setaria italica, improves abiotic stress adaption in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017, 7:2053.
[46]	BAI H, SONG Z, ZHANG Y, LI Z, WANG Y, LIU X, MA J, QUAN J, WU X, LIU M, ZHOU J, DONG Z, LI D. The bHLH transcription factor PPLS1 regulates the color of pulvinus and leaf sheath in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2020, 133:1911-1926. doi: 10.1007/s00122-020-03566-4
[47]	张林林, 智慧, 汤沙, 张仁梁, 张伟, 贾冠清, 刁现民. 谷子抽穗时间基因SiTOC1的表达与单倍型变异分析. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(11):2273-2286.
	ZHANG L L, ZHI H, TANG S, ZHANG R L, ZHANG W, JIA G Q, DIAO X M. Characterization of transcriptional and haptotypic variations of SiTOC1 in foxtail millet. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(11):2273-2286. (in Chinese)
[48]	智慧, 陈洪斌, 凌莉, SUSANA GOGGI, YUH-YUAN SHY. 加速老化法测定谷子种子活力的研究. 中国农业科学, 1999, 32(3):66-71.
	ZHI H, CHEN H B, LING L, GOGGI S, SHY Y. Studies on accelerated aging seed vigor test for foxtail millet. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1999, 32(3):66-71. (in Chinese)
[49]	程式华. 中国超级稻育种技术创新与应用. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(2):205-206.
	CHENG S H. Breeding technique innovation and application China’s super rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(2):205-206. (in Chinese)
[50]	HE Q, ZHI H, TANG S, XING L, WANG S, WANG H, ZHANG A, LI Y, GAO M, ZHANG H, CHEN G, DAI S, LI J, YANG J, LIU H, ZHANG W, JIA Y, LI S, LIU J, QIAO Z, GUO E, JIA G, LIU J, DIAO X. QTL mapping for foxtail millet plant height in multi-environment using an ultra-high density bin map. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2021, 134:557-572. doi: 10.1007/s00122-020-03714-w
[51]	ZHI H, HE Q, TANG S, YANG J, ZHANG W, LIU H, JIA Y, JIA G, ZHANG A, LI Y, GUO E, GAO M, LI S, LI J, QIN N, ZHU C, MA C, ZHANG H, CHEN G, ZHANG W, WANG H, QIAO Z, LI S, CHENG R, LU X, WANG S, LIU J, LIU J, DIAO X. Genetic control and phenotypic characterization of panicle architecture and grain yield-related traits in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2021, 134:3023-3036. doi: 10.1007/s00122-021-03875-2
[52]	柴宗文, 王克如, 郭银巧, 谢瑞芝, 李璐璐, 明博, 侯鹏, 刘朝巍, 初振东, 张万旭, 张国强, 刘广周, 李少昆. 玉米机械粒收质量现状及其与含水率的关系. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(11):2036-2043.
	CHAI Z W, WANG K R, GUO Y Q, XIE R Z, LI L L, MING B, HOU P, LIU C W, CHU Z D, ZHANG W X, ZHANG G Q, LIU G Z, LI S K. Current status of maize mechanical grain harvesting and its relationship with grain moisture content. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(11):2036-2043. (in Chinese)
[53]	王殿瀛, 陈玉香. 谷子品种南北异地种植主要性状变化及其应用. 中国农业科学, 1980, 13(4):33-38.
	WANG D Y, CHEN Y X. The main characters variation of the millet varieties grown both in north and south areas and its use in practice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1980, 13(4):33-38. (in Chinese)
[54]	CHENG Z, SUN Y, YANG S, ZHI H, YIN T, MA X, ZHANG H, DIAO X, GUO Y, LI X, WU C, SUI Y. Establishing in planta haploid inducer line by edited SiMTL in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2021, 19(6):1089-1091. doi: 10.1111/pbi.v19.6
[55]	CÓRDOVA F. NSF director unveils big ideas. Science, 2016, 352(6287):755-756. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6287.755
[56]	YANG W, FENG H, ZHANG X, ZHANG J, DOONAN J, BATCHELOR W, XIONG L, YAN J. Crop phenomics and high- throughput phenotyping: past decades, current challenges, and future perspectives. Molecular Plant, 2020, 13:187-214. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.01.008
[57]	GAO C. Genome engineering for crop improvement and future agriculture. Cell, 2021, 184:1621-1635. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.005
[58]	ZHU H, LI C, GAO C. Applications of CRISPR-Cas in agriculture and plant biotechnology. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2020, 21:661-677. doi: 10.1038/s41580-020-00288-9
[59]	DESTA Z A, ORTIZ R. Genomic selection: Genome-wide prediction in plant improvement. Trends in Plant Science, 2014, 19:592-601. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.05.006
[60]	WEI X, QIU J, YONG K, FAN J, ZHANG Q, HUA H, LIU J, WANG Q, OLSEN K M, HAN B, HUANG X. A quantitative genomics map of rice provides genetics insights and guides breeding. Nature Genetics, 2021, 53:243-253. doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-00769-9
[61]	盖钧益, 刘康, 赵晋铭. 中国作物种业科学技术发展的评述. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(17):3303-3315.
	GAI J Y, LIU K, ZHAO J M. A review on advances in science and technology in Chinese seed industry. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(17):3303-3315. (in Chinese)
[62]	刁现民, 程汝宏. 十五年区试数据分析展示谷子糜子育种现状. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(23):4469-4474.
	DIAO X M, CHENG R H. Current breeding situation of foxtail millet and common millet in China as revealed by exploitation of 15 years regional adaptation test data. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(23):4469-4474. (in Chinese)
[63]	SHI Y, WANG T, LI Y, DARMENCY H. Impact of transgene inheritance on the mitigation of gene flow between crops and their wild relatives: The example of foxtail millet. Genetics, 2008, 180:969-975. doi: 10.1534/genetics.108.092809
[64]	YANO A, TAKAKUSAGI M, QIKAWA K, NAKAJO S, SUGAWARA T. Xanthophyll levels in foxtail millet grains according to variety and harvesting time. Plant Production Science, 2017, 20(1):136-143. doi: 10.1080/1343943X.2016.1246347

序号 No.	性状 Trait	基因名称 Gene name	参考文献 Reference	鉴定国家 Country	单倍型效应 Haplotype effects
1	株高Plant height	SiDW1	[33]	中国China	尚未明确Not clear
2	株高Plant height	SiDW2	[34]	中国China	尚未明确Not clear
3	株高Plant height	SiDW3	[35]	中国China	尚未明确Not clear
4	叶片披垂度Droopy leaf	SiDPY1	[36]	中国China	尚未明确Not clear
5	籽粒糯性Waxy endosperm	SiWaxy	[37]	日本Japan	已鉴定Clear
6	抗除草剂（拿捕净）Herbicide resistant (sethoxydim)	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	[38]	法国France	已鉴定Clear
7	抗除草剂（氟乐灵）Herbicide resistant (Trifluralin)	α- and β-tubulin	[39]	法国France	已鉴定Clear
8	抗除草剂（阿特拉津）Herbicide resistant (Atrazine)	Photosystem II D1	[40]	中国China	已鉴定Clear
9	抗除草剂（咪唑乙烟酸）Herbicide resistant (imazethapyr)	Acetohydroxyacid synthase	[41]	加拿大Canada	已鉴定Clear
10	果穗松紧Loose panicle	loose-panicle 1	[42]	中国China	尚未明确Not clear
11	叶片颜色Leaf color	SiYGL1	[43]	中国China	尚未明确Not clear
12	叶片颜色Leaf color	SiYGL2	[44]	中国China	尚未明确Not clear
13	抗旱性Drought tolerant	SiASR4	[45]	中国China	尚未明确Not clear
14	叶鞘色Leaf sheath color	SiPPLS1	[46]	中国China	尚未明确Not clear
15	抽穗期Heading date	SiTOC1	[47]	中国China	已鉴定Clear