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Journal of Integrative Agriculture
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SlCSAPlike-PGM interaction modulates starch accumulation to regulate leaf senescence in tomato

Jiafa Wang1,2*, Yani Chen2*, Yiqing Zhang2, Lanyu Cao2, Tao Zhu2, Xujun Sun2, Minxuan Yang2, Zhongyuan Wang2, Guobin Li2, Shujuan Tian1,2, Xian Zhang1,2, Junhong Zhang3#, Li Yuan1,2#

1 Hainan Institute of Northwest A&F University, Sanya, Hainan, 572024, China

2 College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

3 National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

 Highlights 

SlCSAPlike reduces leaf starch content and drives premature senescence by enhancing PGM enzyme activity to promote the conversion of G1P to G6P.

The SlCSAPlike-PGM interaction disrupts carbon balance and triggers chloroplast degradation without relying on transcriptional activation of senescence programs

SlCSAPlike is identified as a key regulator of leaf senescence, providing a novel strategy for targeted delay of leaf senescence.

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摘要  

叶片早衰严重影响番茄产量与品质,解析番茄叶片衰老的分子机制对延长番茄生育期、提高产量和品质具有重要理论与应用价值。本研究鉴定到一个DUF1997家族蛋白SlCSAPlike在叶片衰老调控中发挥关键作用。过表达SlCSAPlike加速叶片衰老,而其敲除则延缓衰老进程。SlCSAPlike过表达植株表现出叶绿素含量降低、活性氧积累增加、抗氧化酶活性升高,同时伴随叶绿体超微结构退化,包括类囊体解体和淀粉颗粒减少。转录组分析表明,SlCSAPlike介导的衰老不依赖于经典衰老程序的转录激活。进一步筛选与验证发现,SlCSAPlike与磷酸葡萄糖变位酶PGM互作,增强其酶活性,促进G1P向G6P转化,改变叶片碳代谢平衡,进而影响叶片淀粉含量并加速衰老进程。本研究揭示了SlCSAPlike通过调控PGM介导的淀粉积累影响叶绿体稳定性与衰老进程的新机制,为理解叶片衰老分子机制提供了新视角,并为通过延缓衰老提高番茄产量提供了潜在的遗传改良靶点。



Abstract  

Premature leaf senescence significantly impacts tomato yield and quality. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying tomato leaf senescence holds important theoretical and practical significance for extending tomato fertility and improving yield and quality. This study identified CSAPlike, a DUF1997 protein, as playing a crucial role in regulating leaf senescence. Overexpression of CSAPlike accelerated senescence, while knockout of CSAPlike delayed the senescence process. CSAPlike-OE plants exhibited reduced chlorophyll content, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, accompanied by ultrastructural degradation of chloroplasts including thylakoid disassembly and starch granule reduction. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CSAPlike may regulate the premature senescence process through a non-canonical mechanism independent of transcriptional regulation. Further screening and validation demonstrated that CSAPlike interacts with phosphoglucomutase (PGM), leading to impaired starch biosynthesis in CSAPlike-OE plants, which triggers energy deficiency and accelerates chloroplast degradation, ultimately resulting in premature leaf senescence. This study reveals a novel mechanism by which CSAPlike affects chloroplast stability and senescence progression through regulating PGM-mediated starch metabolism, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms of leaf senescence and offering potential genetic targets for improving tomato yield by delaying senescence.

Keywords:  CSAPlike       starch              chloroplast              senescence              tomato  
Online: 18 February 2026  
Fund: This work was supported by Shaanxi Postdoctoral Research Project 2023BSHYDZZ77 and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2023M742868.
About author:  *Corresponding authors. Junhong Zhang (zhangjunhng@mail.hzau.edu.cn); Li Yuan (lyuan@nwafu.edu.cn) *These authors contributed equally to this study.

Cite this article: 

Jiafa Wang, Yani Chen, Yiqing Zhang, Lanyu Cao, Tao Zhu, Xujun Sun, Minxuan Yang, Zhongyuan Wang, Guobin Li, Shujuan Tian, Xian Zhang, Junhong Zhang, Li Yuan. 2026. SlCSAPlike-PGM interaction modulates starch accumulation to regulate leaf senescence in tomato. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.02.035

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