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SlbHLH086/SlbHLH096-SlXTH23 module regulates the drought tolerance of tomato by altering cell wall components and thickness

Hao Zheng1*, Jiao Dang1*, Zhengda Zhang3*, Qingpeng Li1, Guobin Li1,4, Tao Liu2#, Xiaohui Hu1,4# #br#

1 College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

2 College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China

3 National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China

4 Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

 Highlight 

SlXTH23 is identified to negatively respond to tomato drought stress.

SlbHLH086 and SlbHLH096 directly bind and regulate the expression of SlXTH23.

SlbHLH086 interacts with SlbHLH096 and antagonistically regulate the expression of SlXTH23.

bHLH086/bHLH096-XTH23 alters cell wall components and thickness to regulate drought tolerance.

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摘要  

干旱严重限制植物的生长发育,导致产量和品质下降。木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶/水解酶(XTH)是一种细胞壁修饰蛋白,参与细胞壁的组装。然而,XTHs是否参与番茄的干旱胁迫及其作用机制与上游调控因子尚不清楚。在本研究发现SlXTH23敲除番茄植株通过提高根系中纤维素和半纤维素的含量以及次生细胞壁的厚度,增强耐旱性;而SlXTH23过表达转基因番茄植株则对干旱敏感。鉴定到2个碱性螺旋--螺旋转录因子SlbHLH086SlbHLH096直接结合并调控SlXTH23的转录。单独沉默SlbHLH086或与SlbHLH096共同沉默植株通过激活SlXTH23的表达和促进番茄根系次生细胞壁的厚度来增强耐旱性,而单独沉默SlbHLH096的番茄植株对干旱敏感。SlbHLH086通过与SlbHLH096互作,阻止SlbHLH096SlXTH23表达的抑制作用。综上所述,本研究揭示了SlbHLH086/SlbHLH096-SlXTH23模块通过改变细胞壁组分和厚度调控番茄耐旱性的分子机制,为培育耐旱番茄品种提供了新见解。



Abstract  

Drought imposes a severe impediment to plant growth and development, cause yield and quality to decline. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) is a kind of cell wall-modifying protein, and contributes to cell wall assembly. However, whether XTHs are involved in the drought stress of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and its mechanism and upstream regulatory factors remain unclear. Here, SlXTH23 is identified to negatively respond to drought stress in tomato. SlXTH23 knockout tomato plants increase the content of cellulose and hemicellulose, as well as the thickness of secondary cell wall in roots, and enhance drought tolerance. In contrast, SlXTH23 overexpressed transgenic tomato plants are sensitive to drought stress. Two basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, SlbHLH086 and SlbHLH096, are identified to directly bind and regulate SlXTH23. Silencing SlbHLH086 alone or in combination with SlbHLH096 enhances drought tolerance by stimulating the expression of SlXTH23 and promoting the thickness of secondary cell wall in tomato roots. Silencing SlbHLH096 renders plants sensitive to drought stress. In addition, SlbHLH086 interacts with SlbHLH096, and SlbHLH086 prevents the inhibitory effect of SlbHLH096 on the expression of SlXTH23. In summary, this study revealed the molecular mechanism that SlbHLH086/SlbHLH096-SlXTH23 module regulates the drought tolerance of tomato by altering cell wall components and thickness, providing a novel mechanistic insight for breeding drought tolerant tomato cultivars.

Keywords:  tomato       drought stress              SlXTH23              SlbHLH086              SlbHLH096              cell wall  
Online: 18 February 2026  
Fund: 

This study was supported by National Key R & D Program of China (2024YFD2300704-02), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS‐23‐D06), Northwest A&F University Doctoral Candidates’ Independent Innovation Research Project Funding (2025KYCXZ04)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32573123), the Key R & D Program of Shaanxi Province (2024NC2-GJHX-29), and Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2025JC-YBQN-258).

Cite this article: 

Hao Zheng, Jiao Dang, Zhengda Zhang, Qingpeng Li, Guobin Li, Tao Liu, Xiaohui Hu. 2026. SlbHLH086/SlbHLH096-SlXTH23 module regulates the drought tolerance of tomato by altering cell wall components and thickness. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.02.033

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