An efficient screening system at seedling-stage for genic male-sterile lines in pepper hybrid breeding

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.02.031

Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Luzhao Pan^1,²^*, Jin Wang¹^,3^*, Peng Tang¹^,3^*, Yanlong Li¹^,3, Yin Luo¹, Wu Miao⁴, Jingcai Huang¹, Meiqi Wang¹^,3, Lingling Xie⁵, Chen Hu¹^,3, Fan Zhu¹^,3, Cheng Xiong¹^,3, Zhongyi Wang¹^,3, Xiongze Dai¹^,3, Weimin Zhu², Xuexiao Zou¹^,3^*, Feng Liu¹^,3^#

¹Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops/Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province/College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

²Protected Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China

³Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China

⁴Hunan Xiangyan Seed Industry Co., LTD, Changsha 410125, China

⁵Institute of Vegetable Research, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125 China

Highlights

1. A novel pepper mutant (aa) with a recessive CaDFR mutation lacks anthocyanins.

2. CaDFR is tightly linked to the male-sterile gene CaDYT1, enabling hypocotyl color as a visible morphological marker for early selection of male-sterile plants.

3. A non-GMO two-line hybrid seed production system utilizing CaDYT1-CaDFR linkage in pepper.

Abstract
References

Download: PDF in ScienceDirect
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要

杂种优势是提升辣椒产量和品质的有效策略。虽然细胞核雄性不育（GMS）系避免了细胞质雄性不育系的限制，为种子生产提供了优势，但它们的使用通常需要在种子生产过程中去除50%的可育植株。为了解决这一问题，我们鉴定了一个花青素缺失（aa）突变体，其特征是幼苗期下胚轴呈绿色，花药呈黄色。通过精细定位和病毒诱导的基因沉默实验，确定了二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶（CaDFR）是调控辣椒花青素合成的关键基因。遗传分析显示CaDFR和CaDYT1（一个GMS基因）紧密连锁。在此基础上，我们利用来自aa突变体的绿色下胚轴形态标记与雄性不育系gm1（CaDYT1位点）结合，开发了一种可在苗期筛选不育株高效的杂交制种策略。综上所述，本研究成功克隆了控制辣椒下胚轴和花药颜色的关键基因CaDFR。此外，我们提出了一种高效的种子繁殖策略，以加快杂交种子生产，促进杂种优势的利用。本研究不仅加深了对辣椒色素遗传调控的理解，而且为优化杂交育种方案建立了实用框架，从而简化辣椒育种过程。

Abstract

Heterosis is a highly effective strategy for increasing yield and quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Although genic male sterile (GMS) lines offer advantages for seed production by avoiding the limitations associated with cytoplasmic male sterile lines, their use typically requires the labor-intensive removal of 50% of fertile plants during seed production. To address this challenge, we identified an anthocyanidin-absent (aa) mutant characterized by green hypocotyls at the seedling stage and yellow anthers. We identified dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (CaDFR) as a key gene regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper through fine mapping and virus-induced gene silencing. Genetic segregation analysis revealed that CaDFR and CaDYT1 (a GMS gene) were closely linked. Based on this finding, we developed an efficient hybrid seed production strategy for screening sterile plants at the seedling-stage by combining the green hypocotyl morphological marker from the aa mutant with the male sterile line gms1 (CaDYT1 locus). In conclusion, we successfully cloned CaDFR, a key gene controlling hypocotyl and anther color in pepper. In addition, we proposed an efficient seed propagation strategy to accelerate hybrid seed production and facilitate the utilization of heterosis. This study not only deepens our understanding of the genetic regulation of pepper pigmentation but also establishes a practical framework for optimizing hybrid breeding protocols, thereby simplifying the pepper breeding process.

Keywords: pepper CaDFR seedling morphological markers GMS hybrid breeding

Online: 18 February 2026

Fund:

This work was supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-24-A-15) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32372701).

About author: *These authors contributed equally to this study. #Correspondence author, Tel: 13170313568, E-mail address: jwszjx@hunau.edu.cn

	Service
	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors

Cite this article:

Luzhao Pan, Jin Wang, Peng Tang, Yanlong Li, Yin Luo, Wu Miao, Jingcai Huang, Meiqi Wang, Lingling Xie, Chen Hu, Fan Zhu, Cheng Xiong, Zhongyi Wang, Xiongze Dai, Weimin Zhu, Xuexiao Zou, Feng Liu. 2026. An efficient screening system at seedling-stage for genic male-sterile lines in pepper hybrid breeding. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.02.031

An X L, Dong Z Y, Tian Y H, Xie K, Wu S W, Zhu T T, Zhang D F, Zhou Y, Niu C F, Ma B, Hou Q C, Bao J X, Zhang S M, Li Z W, Wang Y B, Yan T W, Sun X J, Zhang Y W, Li J P, Wan X Y. 2019. ZmMs30 encoding a novel GDSL lipase is essential for male fertility and valuable for hybrid breeding in maize. Molecular Plant, 12, 343–359.

Atanassova B. 2007. Genic male sterility and its application in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.) hybrid breeding and hybrid seed production. Acta Horticulturae, 729, 45–51.

Ashraf M, Akram N A, Mehboob U R, Foolad M R. 2012. Marker-assisted selection in plant breeding for salinity tolerance. Methods in Molecular Biology, 913, 305-33.

Bartoszewski G, Waszczak C, Gawroński P, Stępień L, Brągoszewska H B, Palloix A, Lefebvre V, Korzeniewska A, Katarzyna N S. 2012. Mapping of the ms8 male sterility gene in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) on the chromosome P4 using PCR-based markers useful for breeding programmes. Euphytica, 186, 453–461.

Cheema D S, Dhaliwal M S. 2004. Hybrid tomato breeding. Journal of New Seeds, 6, 1–14.

Chen R, Yang C, Gao H, Shi C M, Zhang Z Y, Lu G Y, Shen X Y, Tang Y P, Li F, Lu Y G, Ouyang B. 2022. Induced mutation in ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 abolishes anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl of pepper. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 135, 3455–3468.

Cheng Q, Li T, Ai Y X, Lu Q H, Wang Y H, Wu L, Liu J Q, Sun L, Shen H L. 2020. Phenotypic, genetic, and molecular function of msc-2, a genic male sterile mutant in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 133, 843–855.

Cheng Q, Wang P, Liu J Q, Wu L, Zhang Z P, Li T T, Gao W J, Yang W C, Sun L, Shen H L. 2018. Identification of candidate genes underlying genic male-sterile msc-1 locus via genome resequencing in Capsicum annuum L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 131, 1861–1872.

Collard B C., Mackill D J. 2008. Marker-assisted selection: an approach for precision plant breeding in the twenty-first century. Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society B-biological Sciences, 12, 363(1491):557-72.

Dong J C, Hu F, Guan W D, Yuan F C, Lai Z P, Zhong J, Liu J, Wu Z M, Cheng J W, Hu K L. 2023. A 163‐bp insertion in the Capana10g000198 encoding a MYB transcription factor causes male sterility in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The Plant Journal, 113, 521–535.

Du M M, Zhou K, Liu Y Y, Deng L, Zhang X Y, Lin L H, Zhou M, Zhao W, Wen C G, Xing J Y, Li CB, Li C Y. 2020. A biotechnology‐based male‐sterility system for hybrid seed production in tomato. The Plant Journal, 102, 1090–1100.

Du H S, Zhang X F, Li R, Chen B, Zhang X F, Wang Y H, Wang J F, Wang T, Wen C L, Liu N, Geng S S. 2025. The natural Msc-4 allele confers genic male sterility via conserved and divergent gene regulatory mechanisms in pepper. Plant Physiology, 30, 199(2):kiaf474.

Eva P P, Van L C. 2002. Hybrid seed production and the challenge of propagating male-sterile plants. Trends in Plant Science, 7, 199–203.

Fu J Y, Zhang Y, Yin M, Liu S, Xu Z Y, Wu M T, Ni Z H, Li P Y, Zhu R J, Cai G Q, Wang M L, Wang R. 2024. A visible seedling‐stage screening system for the Brassica napus hybrid breeding by a novel hypocotyl length‐regulated gene BnHL. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 23, 442-453.

Haskell G. 1961. Seedling morphology in applied genetics and plant breeding. The Botanical Review, 27, 382–421.

Jeong HJ, Kang JH, Zhao M, Kwon JK, Choi HS, Bae JH, Lee HA, Joung YH, Choi D, Kang BC. 2014. Tomato male sterile 10³⁵ is essential for pollen development and meiosis in anthers. Journal of Experimental Botany, 65, 6693–6709.

Jeong K, Choi D, Lee J. 2018. Fine mapping of the genic male-sterile ms 1 gene in Capsicum annuum L. Theoretical And Applied Genetics,131(1),183-191.

Jindal S K, Dhaliwal M S, Meena O P. 2020. Molecular advancements in male sterility systems of Capsicum : A review. Plant Breeding, 139, 42–64.

Kim S, Bang H, Yoo K S, Pike L M. 2007. Marker-assisted genotype analysis of bulb colors in segregating populations of onions (Allium cepa). Molecules and Cells, 23, 192–197.

Kim S, Baek D, Cho D Y, Lee E T, Yoon M K. 2009. Identification of two novel inactive DFR-A alleles responsible for failure to produce anthocyanin and development of a simple PCR-based molecular marker for bulb color selection in onion (Allium cepa L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 118, 1391–1399.

Li H, Durbin R. 2010. Fast and accurate long-read alignment with Burrows–Wheeler transform. Bioinformatics, 26, 589–595.

Li Y L, Ma H H, Wu Y L, Ma Y Z, Yang J, Li Y W, Yue D D, Zhang R, Kong J, Lindsey K, Zhang X L, Min L. 2024. Single‐cell transcriptome atlas and regulatory dynamics in developing cotton anthers. Advanced Science, 11, 2304017.

Liang H K, He Q, Zhang H, Zhi H, Tang S, Wang H L, Meng Q, Jia G H, Chang J H, Diao X M. 2023. Identification and haplotype analysis of SiCHLI: a gene for yellow–green seedling as morphological marker to accelerate foxtail millet (Setaria italica) hybrid breeding. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 136(1):24.

Liu F, Zhao J T, Sun H H, Xiong C, Sun X P, Wang X, Wang Z Y, Jarret R, Wang J, Tang B Q, Xu H, Hu B W, Suo H, Yang B Z, Ou L J, Li X F, Zhou S D, Yang S, Liu Z B, Yuan F, Pei Z M, Ma Y Q, Dai X Z, Wu S, Fei Z J, Zou X X. 2023. Genomes of cultivated and wild Capsicum species provide insights into pepper domestication and population differentiation. Nature Communication, 14 (1):5487.

Liu F, Yu H Y, Deng Y T, Zheng J Y, Liu M L, Ou L J, Yang B Z, Dai X Z, Ma Y Q, Feng S Y, He S, Li X F, Zhang Z Q, Chen W C, Zhou S D, Chen R, Liu M M, Yang S, Wei R M, Li H D, Li F, Ou Y B, Zou X X. 2017. PepperHub, an informatics hub for the chili pepper research community. Molecular Plant, 10(8),1129-1132.

Ma H H, Wu Y L, Lv R L, Chi H B, Zhao Y L, Li Y L, Liu H B, Ma Y Z, Zhu L F, Guo X P, Kong J, Wu J Y, Xing C Z, Zhang X L, Min L. 2022. Cytochrome P450 mono‐oxygenase CYP703A2 plays a central role in sporopollenin formation and ms5ms6 fertility in cotton. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 64, 2009–2025.

Melonek J, Duarte J, Martin J. 2021. The genetic basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in wheat. Nature Communications, 12(1),1036..

Murai Y, Yan F, Lwashina T, Takahashi R. 2016. Analysis of anthocyanin pigments in soybean hypocotyl. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 90, 935–938.

Ohmori T, Murata M, Motoyoshi F. 1995. Identification of RAPD markers linked to the Tin-2 locus in tomato. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 90, 307–311.

Naresh P, Lin S W, Lin C Y, Wang Y W, Schafleitner R, Kilian A, Kumar S. 2018. Molecular markers associated to two non-allelic genic male sterility genes in peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Frontiers in Plant Science, 9(14),1343.

Pelham J. 1966. Resistance in tomato to tobacco mosaic virus. Euphytica, 15, 258–267.

Ries D, Holtgräwe D, Viehöver P, Weisshaar B. 2016. Rapid gene identification in sugar beet using deep sequencing of DNA from phenotypic pools selected from breeding panels. BMC Genomics, 17, 236.

Shifriss C. 1997. Male sterility in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Euphytica, 93, 83-88.

Song S F, Wang T K, Li Y X, Hu J, Kan R F, Qiu M D, Deng Y D, Liu P X, Zhang L C, Dong H, Li C X, Yu D, Li X Q, Yuan D Y, Yuan L P, Li L. 2021. A novel strategy for creating a new system of third‐generation hybrid rice technology using a cytoplasmic sterility gene and a genic male‐sterile gene. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 19, 251–260.

Suzuki T, Narciso J O, Zeng W, van de Meene A, Yasutomi M, Takemura S, Lampugnani E R, Doblin M S, Bacic A, Ishiguro S. 2017. KNS4/UPEX1: A type II Arabinogalactan β -()-galactosyltransferase required for pollen exine development. Plant Physiology, 173, 183-205.

Tang B Q, Yang H P, Yin Q B, Miao W, Lei Y T, Cui Q Z, Cheng J W, Zhang X H, Chen Y, Du J, Xie L L, Tang S X, Wang M Q, Li J Y, Cao M Y, Chen L, Xie F L, Li X M, Zhu F, Wang Z Y, Xiong C, Dai X Z, Zou X X, Liu F. 2024. Fertility restorer gene CaRf and PepperSNP50K provide a promising breeding system for hybrid pepper. Horticulture Research, 11(10), uhae223.

Tang H W, Xie Y Y, Liu Y G, Chen L. 2017. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cytoplasmic male sterility and restoration in rice. Plant Reproduction, 30, 179-184.

Wan H J, Yuan W, Ruan M Y, Ye Q J, Wang R Q, Li Z M, Zhou G Z, Yao Z P, Zhao J, Liu S J, Yang Y J. 2011. Identification of reference genes for reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR normalization in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 416, 24–30.

Wan X Y, Wu S W, Li Z W, Dong Z Y, An X L, Ma B, Tian Y H, Li J P. 2019. Maize genic male-sterility genes and their applications in hybrid breeding: progress and perspectives. Molecular Plant, 12, 321-342.

Wang J, Dai Y, Pan L Z, Chen Y, Dai L, Ma Y Q, Zhou X X, Miao Wu, Hamid M R, Zou X X, Liu F, Xiong C. 2023. Fine mapping and identification of CaTTG1,a candidate gene that regulates the hypocotyl anthocyanin accumulation in Capsicum annuum. Horticultural Plant Journal, 11(1), 264-274.

Wang X, Chen X P, Luo S X, Ma W, Li N, Zhang W W, Tikunov Y, Xuan S X, Zhao J J, Wang Y H, Zheng G D, Yu P, Bai Y L, Bovy A, Shen S X. 2022. Discovery of a DFR gene that controls anthocyanin accumulation in the spiny Solanum group: roles of a natural promoter variant and alternative splicing. The Plant Journal, 111, 1096-1109.

Wu Y Z, Fox T W, Trimnell M R, Wang L J, Xu R J, Cigan A M, Huffman G A, Garnaat C W, Hershey H, Albertsen M C. 2016. Development of a novel recessive genetic male sterility system for hybrid seed production in maize and other cross-pollinating crops. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 14, 1046–1054.

Zhang C Y, Win K T , Kim Y C, Lee S. 2019. Two types of mutations in the HEUKCHEEM gene functioning in cucumber spine color development can be used as signatures for cucumber domestication. Planta, 250, 1491-1504.

Zhang L Y, Huang Z J, Wang X X, Gao J C, Guo Y M, Du Y C, Hu H. 2016. Fine mapping and molecular marker development of anthocyanin absent, a seedling morphological marker for the selection of male sterile 10 in tomato. Molecular Breeding, 36(8), 107.

Zhang Z S, Liu Y, Yuan Q L, Xiong C, Xu H, Hu B W, Suo H, Yang S, Hou X L, Yuan F, Pei Z M, Dai X Z, Zou X X, Liu F. 2022. The bHLH1-DTX35/DFR module regulates pollen fertility by promoting flavonoid biosynthesis in Capsicum annuum L. Horticulture Research, 9, uhac172.

Zhou M, Deng L, Yuan G L, Zhao W, Ma M Y, Sun C L, Du M M, Li C Y, Li C B. 2023. Rapid generation of a tomato male sterility system and its feasible application in hybrid seed production. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 136(9),197.

Zhou Y J, Deng Y T, Liu D, Wang H Z, Zhang X, Liu T T, Wang J B, Li Y, Ou L J, Liu F, Zou X X, Ouyang B, Li F. 2021. Promoting virus-induced gene silencing of pepper genes by a heterologous viral silencing suppressor. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 19, 2398-2400.

[1]	Yajie Gao, Song Wang, Anqi Di, Chao Hai, Di Wu, Zhenting Hao, Lige Bu, Xuefei Liu, Chunling Bai, Guanghua Su, Lishuang Song, Zhuying Wei, Zhonghua Liu, Lei Yang, Guangpeng Li. Myostatin promotes proliferation of bovine muscle satellite cells through activating TRPC4/Ca²⁺/calcineurin/NFATc3 pathway[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 1125-1136.
[2]	Jie Shuai, Qiang Tu, Yicong Zhang, Xiaobo Xia, Yuhua Wang, Shulin Cao, Yifan Dong, Xinli Zhou, Xu Zhang, Zhengguang Zhang, Yi He, Gang Li. *Silence of five Fusarium* graminearum genes in wheat host confers resistance to Fusarium head blight**[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 1051-1063.
[3]	Shuangxi Zhang, Xinlin Wei, Rongbo Wang, Hejing Shen, Hehuan You, Langjun Cui, Yi Qiang, Peiqing Liu, Meixiang Zhang, Yuyan An. Nicotinamide mononucleotide confers broad-spectrum disease resistance in plants[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 1064-1073.
[4]	Cong Huang, Min Zheng, Yizhong Huang, Liping Cai, Xiaoxiao Zou, Tianxiong Yao, Xinke Xie, Bin Yang, Shijun Xiao, Junwu Ma, Lusheng Huang. Unraveling genetic underpinnings of purine content in pork[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 1099-1113.
[5]	Xiaoqin Liu, Xinhao Fan, Junyu Yan, Longchao Zhang, Lixian Wang, Honor Calnan, Yalan Yang, Graham Gardner, Rong Zhou, Zhonglin Tang. An InDel in the promoter of ribosomal protein S27-like gene regulates skeletal muscle growth in pigs[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 1114-1124.
[6]	Yulong Guo, Wanzhuo Geng, Botong Chen, Zhimin Cheng, Yihao Zhi, Yanhua Zhang, Donghua Li, Ruirui Jiang, Zhuanjian Li, Yadong Tian, Xiangtao Kang, Hong Li, Xiaojun Liu. *Genome-wide characteristic and functional analyses of the BMP* gene family reveal its role in response to directed selection in chicken (Gallus gallus)**[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 1150-1164.
[7]	Jinxiang Gao, Bing Li, Pei Qin, Sihao Zhang, Xiaoting Li, Yebitao Yang, Wenhao Shen, Shan Tang, Jijun Li, Liang Guo, Jun Zou, Jinxing Tu. A single nucleotide substitution in BnaC02.LBD6 promoter causes blade shape variation in Brassica napus[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 879-892.
[8]	Jili Xu, Shuo Liu, Zhiyuan Gao, Qingdong Zeng, Xiaowen Zhang, Dejun Han, Hui Tian. Genome-wide association study reveals genomic regions for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiency in bread wheat[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 847-863.
[9]	Xiukun Li, Jing Hao, Hongtao Deng, Shunli Cui, Li Li, Mingyu Hou, Yingru Liu, Lifeng Liu. Identification of a pleiotropic QTL and development of KASP markers for 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, and shelling percentage in peanut[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 893-902.
[10]	Shuwei Zhang, Jiajia Zhao, Haiyan Zhang, Duoduo Fu, Ling Qiao, Bangbang Wu, Xiaohua Li, Yuqiong Hao, Xingwei Zheng, Zhen Liang, Zhijian Chang, Jun Zheng. Structural chromosome variations from Jinmai 47 and Jinmai 84 affected agronomic traits and drought tolerance of wheat[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 864-878.
[11]	Zhenlong Wang, Pin He, Xuyao Li, Tieshan Liu, Saud Shah, Hao Ren, Baizhao Ren, Peng Liu, Jiwang Zhang, Bin Zhao. *Enhancing yield of modern maize (Zea* mays L.) hybrids through optimization of population photosynthetic capacity and light-nitrogen use efficiency under high planting density**[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 938-951.
[12]	Ping Lin, Shanshan Liu, Zhidan Fu, Kai Luo, Yiling Li, Xinyue Peng, Xiaoting Yuan, Lida Yang, Tian Pu, Yuze Li, Taiwen Yong, Wenyu Yang. Rhizosphere flavonoids alleviate inhibition of soybean nodulation caused by shading under maize–soybean strip intercropping[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 952-964.
[13]	Yunrui Chen, Dayong Fan, Ziliang Li, Yujie Zhang, Yang He, Minzhi Chen, Wangfeng Zhang, Yali Zhang. Critical role of outside xylem hydraulic conductance in regulating stomatal conductance and water use efficiency in cotton across different planting densities[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 965-976.
[14]	Ming Li, Jingjing Wang, Jia’nan Wen, Juan J. Loor, Qianming Jiang, Jingyi Wang, Huijing Zhang, Yue Yang, Wei Yang, Bingbing Zhang, Chuang Xu. ACSL4 is a target for β-hydroxybutyrate-induced increase in fatty acid content and lipid droplet accumulation in bovine mammary epithelial cells[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 1137-1149.
[15]	Jieyu Dai, Ze Xu, Qianjin Zhan, Jingwen Zhu, Lijun Cao, Zhanling Lu, Yuting Xu, Tongyang Kang, Yanan Hu, Caiping Zhao. *Genome-wide identification of the peach LOB/LBD* genes and the positive role of the PpNAP4–PpLOB1 module in peach fruit softening**[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 977-988.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Cite this article:

About JIA

Editorial board

For authors