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Journal of Integrative Agriculture
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Dissection of genetic loci modulating heading date in common wheat

Yueting Zheng*, Zhenhai Jing*, Haolong Feng, Yifei Yang, Jareer Abdullah, Chunyi Liu, Bangcai Zhao, Qianhui Xi, Fangyu Xiang, Qingmiao Yin, Ya Wang, Jiangmin Xing, Ge Kong, Lei Zhao, Xiaodong Yu, Congwei Sun#, Feng Chen#

State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China

 Highlights 

1. A genome-wide recombination landscape consisting of 88 recombination hotspots regions (RHR) was constructed in common wheat.

2. Phenotype-based GWAS and linkage mapping identified 55 significant SNPs clusters and 21 QTLs associated with heading date and flowering date in wheat.

3. Expression-based GWAS identified 307 potential regulators and one candidate gene associated with heading date and flowering date in wheat.

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摘要  

抽穗期是评价小麦适应性最重要指标之一。本研究利用三个关联群体构建了小麦全基因组重组景观,包含97个重组热点区域。进一步在六个双亲群体中鉴定到1043个重组热点区域,其中88个重组热点与关联群体热点重叠。通过表型全基因组关联分析(pGWAS),我们检测到2223个显著SNP位点,形成55个与抽穗开花期关联的聚集区间;53个稳定SNP 关联13个候选基因在至少两个环境中检测到。在双亲群体中定位到21抽穗开花关联的数量性状位点(QTL),其中5QTL与重组热点重叠。通过整合共线性分析、重组热点及单倍型分析,检测到5对同源区间,其中单倍型7D_Hap1可使抽穗期提前8.7天。进一步分析发现抽穗期调控网络基因参与转录调控与翻译后修饰(PTM)。同时,基于抽穗期调控核心模块基因的表达全基因组关联分析(eGWAS)鉴定出307个参与抽穗期调控网络的潜在新基因。以上发现为小麦适应机制提供了新见解,并为培育抗逆小麦品种提供了重要资源。



Abstract  

Heading date is one of the most important indicators to evaluate adaptation in wheat. In this study, we used three association panels to construct a genome-wide recombination landscape consisting of 97 recombination hotspots regions (RHR) in wheat. We further identified 1,043 RHR in six bi-parental populations, and 88 recombination hotspots overlapped with association panels. We next identified 2223 significant SNPs forming 55 clusters for heading date by phenotype-based genome-wide association studies (pGWAS), and 53 stable SNPs associated with 13 candidate genes were detected in at least two environments. Twenty-one QTLs were mapped in bi-parental populations and five QTL intervals overlapped RHR. By integration of collinearity analysis, recombination hotspots, and haplotype analysis, five homoeologous interval pairs were discovered, of which 7D_Hap1 advanced heading by 8.7 days. Further analysis showed that heading date-network genes were involved into transcription regulation and post-translational modification (PTM). Meanwhile, expression GWAS (eGWAS) on heading date regulatory core module identified 307 potential novel genes acting in heading date regulatory network. These findings provide new insights into wheat phenological adaptation and developed resources for developing climate-resilient wheat cultivars.

Keywords:  recombination rate       pGWAS              heading dates              haplotype analysis              eGWAS  
Online: 10 February 2026  
Fund: 

This project was funded by National Key Research and Development Program (2023YFD1200403), Henan Provincial S&T Program Joint Fund Project (242301420132), National Natural Science Foundation of China (32201849), Key Research Projects of Henan Colleges and Universities (25A210020).

About author:  #Correspondce Feng Chen, E-mail: fengchen@henau.edu.cn; Congwei Sun, E-mail: clusterreed@163.com * These authors contribute equally to this study.

Cite this article: 

Yueting Zheng, Zhenhai Jing, Haolong Feng, Yifei Yang, Jareer Abdullah, Chunyi Liu, Bangcai Zhao, Qianhui Xi, Fangyu Xiang, Qingmiao Yin, Ya Wang, Jiangmin Xing, Ge Kong, Lei Zhao, Xiaodong Yu, Congwei Sun, Feng Chen. 2026. Dissection of genetic loci modulating heading date in common wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.02.017

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