EMS诱变大蒜突变体库构建及主要农艺性状评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.17.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study conducted chemical induction breeding experiments using EMS to overcome the bottleneck in germplasm improvement caused by the asexual reproduction of garlic. The results provide valuable support for the genetic mapping, functional analysis and molecular breeding of garlic bolting traits, and form the basis for selecting parents in garlic induction breeding.【Method】In this study, two widely cultivated, early-maturing garlic varieties, ESZ and ZYZ, were selected as mutagenic materials. These materials were treated using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) chemical mutagenesis technology to systematically construct a library of early-bolting garlic EMS mutants. Field surveys were conducted at fixed locations for two consecutive years on the second-generation (M₂) and third-generation (M₃) clonal plants of the mutagenised population under standardised field cultivation and management conditions. 11 core agronomic traits were measured, including pseudostem height, pseudostem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, flower stem length, flower bud length, flower stem diameter, flower stem weight, bulb weight and bulb diameter. Statistical analysis of the coefficients of variation for each trait, population variation characteristics and inter-annual trait differences was used to systematically investigate the patterns of trait variation, genetic segregation characteristics and inter-annual genetic stability of the EMS-induced population. Combining trait variation advantages and genetic stability, directed screening was conducted to identify superior mutant materials with high yield potential, improved maturity and special breeding value.【Result】EMS mutagenesis effectively induced extensive phenotypic variation in garlic. The coefficients of variation for yield-related traits-such as pseudostem height, single scape weight, and bulb weight-all exceeded 25%, indicating high-frequency variation. The coefficients of variation for conservative morphological traits, such as the number of leaves and bulb diameter, were below 15%, indicating greater genetic stability. The mutant library as a whole exhibited predominantly negative variation, and the population stability of traits related to M₃-generation plants, scapes, and bulbs was significantly improved compared to the M₂ generation. Regarding quality traits, 7 early-bolting and 12 late-bolting stable genetic mutants were selected, and unique mutants such as ESZ046 (yellowing due to lack of cutin on leaves) and ZYZ053 (folded cotyledons) were also obtained. Annual trait correlations indicated that ZYZ exhibited overall superior genetic stability compared to ESZ. Pseudostem height, single scape weight, and bulb weight were identified as traits with mutagenic instability, while bulb diameter was the trait with the highest stability. Key mutagenic mutants were predominantly concentrated in yield-related traits, with a higher proportion of deleterious mutations. ZYZ demonstrated greater tolerance to EMS mutagenesis, making it easier to obtain superior mutants.【Conclusion】This study confirms that EMS mutagenesis can induce significant variation in agronomic traits in early-maturing garlic, and that different traits respond distinctly to EMS mutagenesis. Genetically stable mutants were obtained by continuously identifying and screening M₂and M₃ generation populations.

Key words: garlic (Allium sativum L.), EMS, mutant library, agronomic traits, bolting traits, germplasm development

LUO XingYuan, ZHU Pin, WANG Yi, ZHOU Yan, LIU TouMing, WANG YanZhou, GAO Song. Construction of An EMS-Induced Garlic Mutant Library and Evaluation of Major Agronomic Traits[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(17): 3842-3852.

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References 30

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性状 Characteristics	品种-年份 Variety-year	样本数 Number of samples	平均值 Mean	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	母本值 Parent value
假茎高 Pseudostem height (cm)	ESZ-2024	47	19.54	30.99	8.80	31.51	20.72
	ZYZ-2024	43	23.64	26.81	1075	40.33	24.65
	ESZ-2025	59	12.86	30.30	3.20	21.21	14.90
	ZYZ-2025	51	17.12	30.67	6.40	29.01	18.21
假茎粗 Pseudostem diameter (mm)	ESZ-2024	47	13.15	17.24	8.31	18.12	14.30
	ZYZ-2024	43	13.77	12.66	10.58	17.83	14.25
	ESZ-2025	59	15.58	13.00	10.23	19.70	15.76
	ZYZ-2025	51	17.14	10.99	11.59	20.54	17.85
叶长 Leaf length (cm)	ESZ-2024	47	45.78	12.69	33.81	58.59	46.80
	ZYZ-2024	43	47.74	14.98	34.76	63.22	48.70
	ESZ-2025	59	36.89	10.90	27.39	43.81	39.40
	ZYZ-2025	51	41.68	11.67	28.41	53.78	43.20
叶宽 Leaf width (cm)	ESZ-2024	47	2.91	20.57	1.82	4.03	2.93
	ZYZ-2024	43	3.00	15.44	2.20	3.93	3.30
	ESZ-2025	59	3.35	11.93	2.47	4.23	3.42
	ZYZ-2025	51	3.58	9.99	2.67	4.29	3.62
叶片数 Number of leaves	ESZ-2024	47	7.13	10.71	5.40	8.60	7.50
	ZYZ-2024	43	7.25	10.40	5.00	8.70	7.60
	ESZ-2025	59	8.39	13.12	5.82	10.61	8.62
	ZYZ-2025	51	9.24	9.71	6.40	10.75	9.41

性状 Characteristics	品种-年份 Variety-year	样本数 Number of samples	平均值 Mean	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	母本值 Parent value
花茎长 Flower stem length (cm)	ESZ-2024	47	31.66	16.01	22.49	46.63	32.62
	ZYZ-2024	48	32.79	16.94	21.01	47.42	35.91
	ESZ-2025	55	39.99	13.30	20.22	50.92	43.90
	ZYZ-2025	50	44.05	11.50	30.13	54.00	44.65
花苞长 Flower bud length (cm)	ESZ-2024	47	21.75	15.87	15.51	28.67	22.49
	ZYZ-2024	48	21.82	17.92	15.50	34.25	21.83
	ESZ-2025	55	19.45	12.57	14.46	24.50	21.49
	ZYZ-2025	50	20.37	12.79	16.15	28.67	21.82
蒜薹粗 Flower stem diameter (mm)	ESZ-2024	47	6.05	16.29	4.23	8.38	6.22
	ZYZ-2024	48	6.17	14.00	4.00	8.11	6.36
	ESZ-2025	55	6.71	13.09	4.96	9.40	7.21
	ZYZ-2025	50	7.17	9.16	5.72	8.88	7.37
单薹重 Flower stem weight (g)	ESZ-2024	47	10.61	38.72	4.23	27.22	11.67
	ZYZ-2024	48	11.36	37.14	4.14	25.71	13.10
	ESZ-2025	55	14.22	30.13	5.36	27.12	17.40
	ZYZ-2025	50	17.25	23.97	9.20	27.30	18.13

性状 Characteristics	品种-年份 Variety-year	样本数 Number of samples	平均值 Mean	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	母本值 Parent value
鳞茎重量 Bulb weight (g)	ESZ-2024	59	24.35	36.99	6.10	46.19	28.87
	ZYZ-2024	51	28.02	38.12	12.23	61.00	31.42
	ESZ-2025	59	33.35	26.48	16.14	57.57	38.37
	ZYZ-2025	51	38.88	24.23	19.48	85.61	43.28
鳞茎横径 Bulb diameter (mm)	ESZ-2024	59	43.57	14.56	25.78	55.38	46.01
	ZYZ-2024	51	45.61	13.59	32.76	64.70	46.71
	ESZ-2025	59	49.26	9.19	40.22	59.06	51.42
	ZYZ-2025	51	51.58	7.21	41.28	61.44	52.09

品种 Characteristics	早抽薹 Early bolting	晚抽薹 Late bolting	叶片发黄 Yellowing leaves	二次发芽严重 Severe secondary sprouting	无薹植株 No bolting	极端变异 Extreme mutations
ESZ	2	8	6	4	4	1
ZYZ	5	4	3	4	1	1

品种 Variety	假茎高 Pseudostem height	叶长 Leaf length	叶片数 Number of leaves	假茎粗 Pseudostem diameter	叶宽 Leaf width	花茎长 Flower stem length	花苞长 Flower bud length	蒜薹粗 Flower stem diameter	单薹重 Flower stem weight	鳞茎重量 Bulb weight	鳞茎横径 Bulb diameter
ESZ	0.635	0.499	-0.043	0.517	0.493	0.449	0.770	0.728	0.710	0.635	0.679
ESZ	***	***	-0.043	***	***	**	***	***	***	***	***
ZYZ	0.732	0.692	0.450	0.404	0.463	0.381	0.617	0.475	0.528	0.738	0.589
ZYZ	***	***	**	**	**	**	***	***	***	***	***

Construction of An EMS-Induced Garlic Mutant Library and Evaluation of Major Agronomic Traits

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