不同轮耕模式下有机肥施用对豫北潮土氮素迁移转化的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.17.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Based on the long term tillage experiment, this study investigated the effects of combination of rotational tillage mode and fertilization on nitrogen migration and transformation, crop growth in fluvo-aquic soil in the northern Henan province, aiming to select the optimal agricultural management in this area.【Method】The long term tillage experiment with two-factor split-plot design was carried out. Fertilization with manure or not was the main factor and tillage mode as the subfactor. Four rotational tillage modes were set as: (1) Continuous rotary tillage (RT-RT-RT); (2) Deep tillage-rotary tillage-rotary tillage (DT-RT-RT); (3) Deep tillage-rotary tillage-shallow rotary tillage (DT-RT-SRT); (4) Deep tillage- shallow rotary tillage-shallow rotary tillage (DT-SRT-SRT). The soil nitrogen forms, enzyme activity, crop nitrogen utilization, and yield were determined and analyzed.【Result】Compared with RT-RT-RT with mineral fertilizer (NPK), all the nitrogen forms content were increased under DT-RT-SRT with manure (NPKM) in the 0-40 cm soil layer. Therein, total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N), and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) content increased by 25.0%-49.1%, 42.8%-140.0%, and 4.6%-125.6%, respectively. In the 0-40 cm soil layer, the bulk density (BD) under NPKM was lower (0.3%-15.7%) than that under NPK, soil porosity (SR) increased by 8.5%-18.2% under DT-RT-SRT relative to RT-RT-RT. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, compared with the NPK+RT-RT-RT, soil urease, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activities increased by 4.0%-53.3%, 22.7%-71.3%, and 4.2%-57.2% under NPKM+DT-RT-SRT, respectively. The crop yield was increased under the treatment with combination of manure and rotational tillage modes. Compared with NPK, nitrogen accumulation in wheat increased but its nitrogen uptake and utilization reduced under NPKM condition. Compared with NPK+RT-RT-RT, in wheat season, the nitrogen accumulation in above-ground biomass, grain, and harvest index increased by 87.2%, 91.4%, and 30.3% under NPKM+DT-SRT-SRT, respectively. However, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and partial factor productivity decreased by 10.6% and 33.1%, respectively, while the nitrogen uptake efficiency in the subsequent maize season increased by 22.1%. Rotational tillage treatments reduced the apparent loss of nitrogen, with the best effect exhibiting under DT-SRT-SRT treatment. Compared with NPK, NPKM significantly increased crop nitrogen uptake and soil nitrogen residue, but the apparent nitrogen loss increased. The correlation analysis indicated, in the 0-40 cm soil layer, during wheat and maize seasons, BD was negatively correlated with crop yield, TN, NO₃^--N, NO₄⁺-N, and other indicators content, while the nitrogen content was positively correlated with urease, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase activity, harvest index, and other indicators. Principle component analysis showed the effect of fertilization on soil physical, chemical and biological properties was more markable than that of tillage mode, and this effect was larger during wheat season than that during maize season.【Conclusion】In summary, the combination of manure and rotational tillage improved soil physical structure, increased the content of various forms of soil nitrogen, enhanced the soil enzymes activity, promoted nitrogen accumulation in plants, and increased crop yield, significantly reduced the apparent loss of soil nitrogen, which was conducive to the nitrogen balance of the soil. Therein, NPKM+DT-RT-SRT demonstrated the most effective improvement in both soil and crop quality. NPKM+DT-SRT-SRT exhibited the best improvement effect on the nitrogen efficiency index and the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency. Therefore, they were recommended as a suitable agricultural management in fluvo-aquic soil in the northern Henan Province.

Key words: fluvo-aquic soil, rotational tillage mode, organic fertilizer, nitrogen form, nitrogen balance

LI Shuo, LIU ChaoLin, LIU ShiLiang, JIANG GuiYing, YANG Jin, WANG BeiBei, ZHAO Ying, ZHU XuanLin, LIU Fang, JIE XiaoLei. Effects of Combination of Organic Fertilizer and Rotational Tillage Patterns on Nitrogen Migration and Transformation in Fluvo-Aquic Soil in Northern Henan Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(17): 3822-3841.

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作物 Crop	品种 Variety	播种量 Seeding rate	施肥量Fertilizer rate (kg·hm^-2)
作物 Crop	品种 Variety	播种量 Seeding rate	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
小麦Wheat	郑麦136 Zhengmai136	302.25 kg·hm^-2	150+69	120	120
玉米Maize	浚单29 Xundan29	67500 plant/hm²	210	75	90

施肥处理Fertilizer treatment	耕作处理 Tillage treatment	地上部氮素积累量 Aboveground nitrogen accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (kg·kg^-1)	氮收获指数 N harvest index (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥吸收效率 N uptake efficiency (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 N partial factor productivity (kg·kg^-1)
NPK	RT-RT-RT	97.16±0.49d	0.66±0.01b	0.77±1.07b	0.44±0.02d	28.48±0.56c
	DT-RT-RT	110.89±1.81c	0.72±0.01a	0.80±0.02a	0.51±0.08c	29.57±0.05c
	DT-RT-SRT	142.29±1.3a	0.73±0.01a	0.80±0.05a	0.65±0.05a	32.90±0.46a
	DT-SRT-SRT	134.09±1.33b	0.64±0.02b	0.78±0.02ab	0.61±0.04b	31.15±0.75b
NPKM	RT-RT-RT	140.49±1.87d	0.74±0.01c	0.75±0.02c	0.33±0.02d	17.46±0.23c
	DT-RT-RT	158.61±2.99c	0.78±0.03b	0.77±0.03b	0.37±0.03c	18.27±0.21b
	DT-RT-SRT	168.71±3.92b	0.74±0.01c	0.77±0.01b	0.39±0.02b	18.44±0.22b
	DT-SRT-SRT	181.91±0.82a	0.86±0.02a	0.79±0.08a	0.42±0.01a	19.06±0.23a

施肥处理 Fertilizer treatment	耕作处理 Tillage treatment	地上部氮素积累量 Aboveground nitrogen accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (kg·kg^-1)	氮收获指数 N harvest index (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥吸收效率 N uptake efficiency (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 N partial factor productivity (kg·kg^-1)
NPK	RT-RT-RT	236.25±0.76b	0.54±0.02c	0.52±0.01d	1.13±0.01b	46.65±0.34c
	DT-RT-RT	237.86±2.84b	0.59±0.05b	0.62±0.02b	1.13±0.01b	49.90±0.48a
	DT-RT-SRT	223.57±7.73c	0.62±0.02a	0.63±0.01a	1.06±0.04c	47.84±0.14b
	DT-SRT-SRT	250.72±2.43a	0.61±0.03ab	0.54±0.01c	1.19±0.01a	49.54±0.20a
NPKM	RT-RT-RT	273.95±2.65b	0.57±0.03c	0.60±0.01d	1.30±0.01b	48.50±0.28c
	DT-RT-RT	256.68±5.29c	0.61±0.06b	0.68±0.01b	1.22±0.03c	48.90±0.76c
	DT-RT-SRT	288.83±2.13a	0.66±0.06a	0.71±0.01a	1.38±0.01a	56.00±0.55a
	DT-SRT-SRT	271.47±5.47b	0.65±0.03a	0.65±0.01c	1.29±0.03b	52.53±1.06b

施肥处理Fertilizer treatment	耕作处理 Tillage treatment	氮输入Nitrogen input				氮输出Nitrogen output		氮素表观损失 Apparent N loss
施肥处理Fertilizer treatment	耕作处理 Tillage treatment	无机肥料 Mineral fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	土壤矿物氮素 Soil mineralized N	秸秆还田氮素 Straw returning to field N	作物吸氮量 Crop nitrogen uptake	土壤残留氮素 N residue in soil	氮素表观损失 Apparent N loss
NPK	RT-RT-RT	429.0	0	148.1d	58.9b	311.3d	214.5c	110.2a
	DT-RT-RT	429.0	0	204.3a	64.2ab	326.7c	265.6b	105.3a
	DT-RT-SRT	429.0	0	189.0c	69.2a	337.7b	260.9b	88.7a
	DT-SRT-SRT	429.0	0	194.9b	66.7ab	355.5a	307.3a	27.7b
NPKM	RT-RT-RT	429.0	210.0	225.0c	72.3ab	380.4b	351.2b	204.7b
	DT-RT-RT	429.0	210.0	256.3b	68.3b	379.1b	429.6a	155.0c
	DT-RT-SRT	429.0	210.0	271.4a	77.4a	419.3a	337.4b	231.2a
	DT-SRT-SRT	429.0	210.0	259.5b	78.4a	415.1a	409.5a	152.3c

变量因素 Source of variation	施肥 Fertilizer	耕作 Tillage	季度 Season	施肥×耕作Fertilizer× Tillage	施肥×季度Fertilizer× Season	耕作×季度Tillage× Season	施肥×耕作×季度 Fertilizer×Tillage×Season
全氮Total nitrogen	996.899**	213.273**	804.287**	22.070**	56.657**	30.000**	8.090**
硝态氮Nitrate nitrogen	554.638**	114.547**	305.312**	24.283**	72.991**	15.588**	17.376**
铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen	2.944NS	32.249**	167.478**	15.473**	340.475**	5.036**	13.947**
容重Bulk density	399.632**	39.061**	211.290**	5.363**	91.377**	11.322**	6.216**
孔隙度Porosity	763.178**	97.416**	263.068**	5.731**	79.573**	26.304**	6.267**
土壤脲酶Soil urease	134.923**	32.519**	953.479**	8.557**	19.148**	40.685**	16.489**
土壤蔗糖酶Soil sucrase	77.450**	21.563**	303.707**	1.293NS	0.001NS	9.503**	5.189**
土壤碱性磷酸酶 Soil alkaline phosphatase	28.039**	46.463**	3.274NS	0.702NS	0.189NS	31.595**	0.360NS
产量Yield	822.377**	133.400**	10588.189**	18.248**	74.096**	2.029NS	76.281**
地上部氮素积累量 Aboveground nitrogen accumulation	1587.314**	130.491**	13726.403**	9.207**	8.672**	70.704**	66.537**
氮肥偏生产力 N partial factor productivity	1092.669**	125.363**	33599.413**	19.303**	2974.798**	6.556**	90.500**
氮收获指数N harvest index	234.127**	195.289**	5651.412**	20.895**	521.760**	100.681**	1.484NS
氮肥吸收效率N uptake efficiency	0.297NS	94.086**	30201.171**	19.203**	1597.117**	43.345**	77.890**
收获指数Harvest index	15.932**	9.670**	402.772**	8.120**	38.226**	0.744NS	6.850**
氮素平衡Nitrogen balance	514.591**	51.471**	0.000NS	20.013**	0.000NS	0.000NS	0.000NS

Effects of Combination of Organic Fertilizer and Rotational Tillage Patterns on Nitrogen Migration and Transformation in Fluvo-Aquic Soil in Northern Henan Province

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