Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (12): 2686-2696.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.12.011

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Agricultural Inputs-Driven Carbon Emissions in Northeast China over the Past 30 Years

WANG SiXiang(), LIU YaLong, WANG Ping(), WANG JingKuan   

  1. College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang 110866
  • Received:2025-07-01 Accepted:2025-09-08 Online:2026-06-16 Published:2026-06-16
  • Contact: WANG Ping

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Abstract:

【Objective】Northeast China serves as a crucial grain production base in the country and plays a vital role in national food security. However, the excessive input in grain production processes significantly affects agricultural carbon emissions in this region. Promptly elucidating the disparities in carbon emissions from agricultural inputs across different production processes is therefore imperative for advancing efficient low-carbon agriculture in Northeast China.【Method】Based on a series of statistical data such as agricultural input, output and sown area of major crops in Northeast China from 1991 to 2020, this study took the entire production cycle of crops as the research boundary, and uses methods, such as carbon emission coefficient method, geographical detector, spatial autocorrelation test and standard deviation ellipse analysis, to analyze the temporal variation law and spatial distribution characteristics of carbon emissions from grain production input, and finally made relevant countermeasure analysis.【Result】(1) In the past 30 years, the carbon emissions from agricultural input in Northeast China have shown an overall increasing trend, with a spatial distribution characteristic of being high in the middle (Shenyang- Changchun-Harbin line) and low in the surrounding areas, with an average annual carbon emission of 38.2 million tons. In 2020, the carbon emissions from agricultural input in various provinces in Northeast China in descending order were: Heilongjiang Province (19.5 million tons), Jilin Province (10.91 million tons), Liaoning Province (10.11 million tons), and Eastern Inner Mongolia (9.19 million tons). (2) Both the carbon emissions from agricultural input per sown area (Ga) and the carbon emissions from agricultural input per output (Gy) in Northeast China showed a distribution characteristic of being high in the east (eastern Liaoning Province, eastern Jilin Province) and low in the west (Eastern Inner Mongolia, western Heilongjiang Province). Ga increased from 1.37 kg CO2eq·hm-2 in 1991 to 1.67 kg COeq·hm-2 in 2020, an increase of 21.9%, while Gy decreased from 0.36 t CO2eq·t-1 in 1991 to 0.32 t CO2eq·t-1 in 2020, a decrease of 11.1%. (3) The center of gravity of carbon emissions from agricultural input of crops in Northeast China showed an overall migration trend to the northwest of Changchun.【Conclusion】It was concluded that in the past 30 years, the carbon emissions from agricultural input in Northeast China have shown an upward trend, but the overall migration was to the northwest; the Ga of agricultural input of crops has continued to increase over time, while Gy has continued to decrease, but both showed a spatial distribution characteristic of being high in the east and low in the west. In the future, it was necessary to further strengthen the intelligent network management and control of agricultural input, improve the energy utilization efficiency of agricultural machinery, promote intelligent agricultural machinery, and innovate differentiated farming systems in various provinces and cities, so as to promote the carbon peak and carbon neutrality in the agricultural field.

Key words: Northeast China, agricultural inputs, agricultural production, carbon emission, spatial distribution

Table 1

Carbon emission parameters of different inputs in agricultural production processes"

种类 Items 排放系数 Emission factors 参考文献 Reference
氮肥 Nitrogenous fertilizer 7.759 kg CO2eq·kg-1 N CHEN et al.[10]
磷肥 Phosphatic fertilizer 2.332 kg CO2eq·kg-1 P CHEN et al.[10]
钾肥 Potash fertilizer 0.660 kg CO2eq·kg-1K CHEN et al.[10]
复合肥 Compound fertilizer 3.583 kg CO2eq·kg-1 CHEN et al.[10]
农用柴油 Agricultural diesel 2.9778 kg CO2eq·kg-1 李楠等LI et al.[11]
农药 Pesticide 14.319 kg CO2eq·kg-1 ZHANG et al.[12]
农用薄膜 Agricultural film 2.77 kg CO2eq·kg-1 李楠等LI et al.[11]
灌溉用电 Electricity for irrigation 567.57kg CO2eq·hm-2 CREMADES et al.[13]

Fig. 1

Changes in carbon emissions of agricultural inputs in Northeast China over the past 30 years"

Fig. 2

Spatial distribution of annual average carbon emissions from agricultural inputs in Northeast China from1991 to 2000, 2001 to 2010, and 2011 to 2020"

Fig. 3

Spatial distribution of carbon emissions from agricultural inputs per unit sowing area in Northeast China from 1991 to 2000, 2001 to 2010, and 2011 to 2020"

Table 2

Carbon emissions from agricultural inputs per unit sowing area in Northeast China from 1991 to 2020 (kg CO2eq·hm-2)"

年份
Years		 黑龙江
Heilongjiang		 吉林
Jilin		 辽宁
Liaoning		 内蒙古东五盟
Eastern Inner Mongolia		 东北地区
Northeast
1991-2000 0.95 1.82 2.49 0.69 1.37
2001-2010 1.03 1.96 2.70 1.26 1.51
2011-2020 1.26 1.85 2.67 1.77 1.67

Fig. 4

Spatial distribution of carbon emissions from agricultural inputs per unit yield in Northeast China from 1991 to 2000, 2001 to 2010, and 2011 to 2020"

Table 3

Carbon emissions from agricultural inputs per unit yield in Northeast China from 1991 to 2020 (t CO2eq·t-1）"

年份
Year		 黑龙江
Heilongjiang		 吉林
Jilin		 辽宁
Liaoning		 内蒙古东五盟
Eastern Inner Mongolia		 东北地区
Northeast
1991-2000 0.34 0.33 0.62 0.18 0.36
2001-2010 0.28 0.46 0.57 0.33 0.36
2011-2020 0.26 0.31 0.50 0.36 0.32

Fig. 5

Center shift (A) and elliptical distribution of standard deviation (B) of carbon emissions from agricultural inputs in Northeast China from 1991 to 2020"

Fig. 6

Local spatial autocorrelation types and local Moran's I index of carbon emissions from agricultural inputs in Northeast China in 1991-2000, 2001-2010, and 2011-2020"

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